Health Insurance is a Family Matter (2002)

Mary Sue Coleman, Ph.D., Co-chair

Dr. Coleman is president of the University of Michigan. She is professor of biological chemistry in the University of Michigan Medical School and professor of chemistry in the College of Literature, Science and the Arts. She previously was president of the University of Iowa and president of the University of Iowa Health Systems (1995–2002). Dr. Coleman served as provost and vice president for academic affairs at the University of New Mexico (1993–1995) and dean of research and vice chancellor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (1990–1992). She was both faculty member and Cancer Center administrator at the University of Kentucky in Lexington for 19 years, where her research focused on the immune system and malignancies. Dr. Coleman is a member of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. She serves on the Iowa Governor’s Strategic Planning Council, the Board of Trustees of the Universities Research Association, the Board of Governors of the Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center at the National Institutes of Health, and other voluntary advisory bodies and corporate boards.

Arthur L. Kellermann, M.D., M.P.H., Co-chair

Arthur Kellermann, is professor and director, Center for Injury Control, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, and professor and chairman, Department

of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University. Dr. Kellerman has served as principal investigator or co-investigator on several research grants, including federally funded studies of handgun-related violence and injury, emergency cardiac care, and the use of emergency room services. Among his many awards and distinctions, he is a fellow of the American College of Emergency Physicians (1992); is the recipient of a meritorious service award from the Tennessee State Legislature (1993); and the Hal Jayne Academic Excellence Award from the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (1997); and was elected to membership in the Institute of Medicine (1999). In addition, Dr. Kellermann is a member of the Editorial Board of the journal Annals of Emergency Medicine and has served as a reviewer for the New England Journal of Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association, and the American Journal of Public Health.

Ronald M. Andersen, Ph.D.

Ronald Andersen is the Fred W. and Pamela K. Wasserman Professor of Health Services and professor of sociology at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), School of Public Health. He teaches courses in health services organization, research methods, evaluation, and leadership. Dr. Andersen received his Ph.D. in sociology at Purdue University. He has studied access to medical care for his entire professional career of 30 years. Dr. Andersen developed the Behavioral Model of Health Services Use that has been used extensively both nationally and internationally as a framework for utilization and cost studies of general populations, as well as special studies of minorities, low income, children, women, the elderly, oral health, the homeless, and the HIV-positive population. He has directed three national surveys of access to care and has led numerous evaluations of local and regional populations and programs designed to promote access to medical care. Dr. Andersen’s other research interests include international comparisons of health services systems, graduate medical education curricula, physician health services organization integration, and evaluations of geriatric and primary care delivery. He is a member of the IOM and was on the founding board of the Association for Health Services Research. He has been chair of the Medical Sociology Section of the American Sociological Association. In 1994 he received the association’s Leo G. Reeder Award for Distinguished Service to Medical Sociology; in 1996 he received the Distinguished Investigator Award from the Association for Health Services Research; and in 1999 he received the Baxter Allegiance Health Services Research Prize.

John Z. Ayanian, M.D., M.P.P.

Dr. Ayanian is an associate professor of medicine and health care policy at Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, where he practices general internal medicine. His research focuses on quality of care and access to care for major medical conditions, including colorectal cancer and myocardial infarction. He has extensive experience in the use of cancer registries to assess outcomes and evaluate the quality of cancer care. In addition, he has studied the effects of race

and gender on access to kidney transplants and on quality of care for other medical conditions. Dr. Ayanian is deputy editor of the journal Medical Care, a Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Generalist Physician Faculty Scholar, and a fellow of the American College of Physicians.

Robert J. Blendon, M.B.A., Sc.D.

Dr. Blendon is currently professor of health policy and political analysis at both the Harvard School of Public Health and the John F. Kennedy School of Government; he has received awards for outstanding teaching from both institutions. He also directs the Harvard Opinion Research Program and the Henry J. Kaiser National Program on the Public, Health, and Social Policy, which focuses on the better understanding of public knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about major domestic public policy issues. Dr. Blendon also codirects the Washington Post– Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF) survey project, which was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize, and a new project for National Public Radio and KFF on American attitudes toward health and social policy, which was cited by the National Journal as setting a new standard for public opinion surveys in broadcast journalism. From 1987 to 1996, Dr. Blendon served as chair of the Department of Health Policy and Management at the Harvard School of Public Health and as deputy director of the Harvard University Division of Health Policy Research and Education. Prior to his Harvard appointments, Dr. Blendon was senior vice president at the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. He was senior editor of a three-volume series The Future of American Health Care and is a member of the Institute of Medicine, the advisory committee to the director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the editorial board of the Journal of the American Medical Association. Dr. Blendon is a graduate of Marietta College and received his master of business administration and doctoral degrees from the University of Chicago and the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, respectively.

Sheila P. Davis, B.S.N., M.S.N., Ph.D.*

Dr. Davis is associate professor, Department of Adult Health, in the School of Nursing at the University of Mississippi Medical Center. She is also vice president of Davis, Davis & Associates, a health management consultant company. Her research focuses on minority health issues, especially cardiovascular risk among ethnic populations. Dr. Davis is the founder and chair of the Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Children Committee at the University of Mississippi. This is a multidisciplinary committee (physicians, nurses, dietician, health educator, college administrator, nurse practitioners, etc.) committed to reducing cardiovascular risks in children. Dr. Davis is a member of the American Nurses Association and has written numerous publications on the profession and the experiences of ethnic minorities in the health professions. She is author of a faith-based program,

Healthy Kids Seminar, that is used to promote the adoption of healthy life-style choices by children.

George C. Eads, Ph.D.*

Dr. Eads is vice president and director of the Charles River Associates (CRA) Washington, D.C. office and is an internationally known expert in the economics of the automotive and airlines industries. Prior to joining CRA, Dr. Eads was vice president and chief economist at General Motors Corporation. He represented the corporation frequently before congressional committees and federal regulatory agencies. He has served as a member of the President’s Council of Economic Advisers and as a special assistant to the assistant attorney general in the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice. Dr. Eads has published numerous books and articles on the impact of government on business and has taught at several major universities, including Harvard and Princeton.

Sandra R. Hernández, M.D.

Sandra R. Hernández is chief executive officer (CEO) of the San Francisco Foundation, a community foundation serving the five Bay Area counties. It is one of the largest community foundations in the country. Dr. Hernández is a primary care internist who previously held a number of positions within the San Francisco Department of Public Health, including director of the AIDS Office, director of Community Public Health, county health officer, and finally director of health for the City and County of San Francisco. She was appointed to and served on President Clinton’s Advisory Commission on Consumer Protection and Quality in the Health Care Industry. Among the many honors and awards bestowed on her, Dr. Hernández was named by Modern Healthcare magazine as one of the top 10 health care leaders for the next century. Dr. Hernández is a graduate of Yale University, Tufts School of Medicine, and the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. She is on the faculty of the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), School of Medicine and maintains an active clinical practice at San Francisco General Hospital in the AIDS Clinic.

Willard G. Manning, Ph.D.

Dr. Manning is professor in the Department of Health Studies, Pritzker School of Medicine, and in the Harris School of Public Policy, at the University of Chicago. His primary research focus has been the effects of health insurance and alternative delivery systems on the use of health services and health status. He is an expert in statistical issues in cost-effectiveness analysis and small-area variations. His recent work has included examination of mental health services use and outcomes in a Medicaid population and cost-effectiveness analysis of screening and treating depression in primary care. Dr. Manning is a member of the IOM.

James J. Mongan, M.D.

Dr. Mongan is president of the Massachusetts General Hospital Corporation and of the General Hospital. He was previously executive director, Truman Medical Center, and dean, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine. Dr. Mongan served as assistant surgeon general in the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS); as former associate director for health and human resources, Domestic Policy Staff, the White House; and as former deputy assistant secretary for Health Policy, Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Dr. Mongan is chair of the Task Force on the Future of Health Insurance for Working Americans, a nonpartisan effort of the Commonwealth Fund to address the implications of the changing U.S. work force and economy for the availability and affordability of health insurance, a member of the KFF Board and the Kaiser Commission on the Underserved and the Uninsured, and a member of the IOM and its governing council.

Christopher Queram, M.A.

Mr. Queram has been CEO of the Employer Health Care Alliance Cooperative (The Alliance) of Madison, Wisconsin, since 1993. The Alliance is a purchasing cooperative owned by more than 175 member companies that contracts with providers, manages and reports data, performs consumer education, and designs employer and provider quality initiatives. Prior to his current position, Mr. Queram served as vice president for programs at Meriter Hospital, a 475-bed hospital in Madison. Mr. Queram is a member of the Board of the National Business Coalition on Health and served as board chair for the past two years. He was a member of the President’s Advisory Commission on Consumer Protection and Quality in the Health Care Industry. Mr. Queram served as a member of the Planning Committee for the National Quality Forum and continues as convenor of the Purchaser Council of the Forum. He is a member of the Wisconsin Board on Health Information and the Board of the Wisconsin Private Employer Health Care Coverage program. He holds a master’s degree in health services administration from the University of Wisconsin at Madison and is a fellow in the American College of Healthcare Executives.

Cathy Schoen, M.A.*

Cathy Schoen joined the Commonwealth Fund in September 1995 as director of research and evaluation. Prior to joining the Fund, she was director of special projects at the University of Massachusetts Labor Relations and Research Center. She also serves as program director of the Fund’s Health Care Coverage and Quality Program, a policy and research grant program established to help inform national and state health insurance and delivery system policy decisions. During the 1980s, Ms. Schoen directed the Service Employees International Union’s

(SEIU) Research and Policy Department in Washington, D.C. She went to SEIU after serving as a member of President Carter’s national health insurance task force where she was responsible for national reform issues and research and policy related to Medicaid and ambulatory care payment policies. Ms. Schoen also served as a senior health adviser during the 1988 presidential campaign. Prior to federal government service, she was a research associate at the Brookings Institution. Her research interests include health care coverage and quality issues, Medicaid and children’s programs, and worker’s issues. Ms. Schoen formerly served on the IOM Committee on Immunization Finance Policies and Practices.

Shoshanna Sofaer, Dr.P.H.*

Shoshanna Sofaer is the Robert P. Luciano Professor of Health Care Policy at the School of Public Affairs, Baruch College, in New York City. She completed her master’s and doctoral degrees in public health at the University of California, Berkeley; taught for six years at the University of California, Los Angeles, School of Public Health; and served on the faculty of George Washington University Medical Center, where she was professor and associate dean for research of the School of Public Health and Health Services and director of the Center for Health Outcomes Improvement Research. Dr. Sofaer’s research interests include providing information to individual consumers on the performance of the health care system; assessing the impact of information on both consumers and the system; developing consumer-relevant performance measures; and improving the responsiveness of the Medicare program to the needs of current and future cohorts of older persons and persons with disabilities. In addition, Dr. Sofaer studies the role of community coalitions in pursuing public health and health care system reform objectives and has extensive experience in the evaluation of community health improvement interventions. She has studied the determinants of health insurance status among the near-elderly, including early retirees. Dr. Sofaer served as co-chair of the Working Group on Coverage for Low Income and Non-Working Families for the White House Task Force on Health Care Reform in 1993. Currently, she is co-chair of the Task Force on Medicare of the Century Foundation in New York City, a member of the Board of Health Care Services, IOM and a member of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Health Systems Study Section.

Peter Szilagyi, M.D., M.P.H.*

Dr. Szilagyi is professor of pediatrics, division chief of the general pediatric division, and chief of pediatric ambulatory services at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry. He is an active member of the Ambulatory Pediatric Association (APA), at which he has just received the lifetime APA

research award, and is a member of the Society for Pediatric Research and the American Pediatric Society. Dr. Szilagyi is a health services researcher with interests in optimizing the health care and functional outcomes of vulnerable children. He has led a number of studies on health care financing for children, focusing on managed care and on uninsured children. Dr. Szilagyi’s research team studies on health insurance for uninsured or underinsured children have contributed to state and national health insurance reform, which culminated in the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), and he is currently conducting several evaluations of the SCHIP program.

Stephen J. Trejo, Ph.D.

Dr. Trejo is associate professor in the Department of Economics at the University of Texas at Austin. His primary research focus has been in the field of labor economics. He has examined the response of labor market participants to incentives created by market opportunities, government policies, and the institutional environment. Specific research topics include the economic effects of overtime pay regulation; immigrant labor market outcomes and welfare recipiency; the impact of labor unions on compensation, employment, and work schedules; the importance of sector-specific skills; and the relative economic status of Mexican Americans.

Reed V. Tuckson, M.D.

Dr. Tuckson is senior vice president of consumer health and medical care enhancement at United Health Group. Formerly, he was senior vice president, professional standards, at the American Medical Association. Dr. Tuckson was president of Charles R. Drew University School of Medicine and Science from 1991 to 1997. From 1986 to 1990, he was commissioner of public health for the District of Columbia. Dr. Tuckson serves on a number of health care, academic, and federal boards and committees and is a nationally known lecturer on topics concerning community-based medicine, the moral responsibilities of health professionals, and physician leadership. He currently serves on the IOM Roundtable on Research and Development of Drugs, Biologics, and Medical Devices and is a member of the Institute of Medicine.

Edward H. Wagner, M.D., M.P.H., F.A.C.P.

Dr. Wagner is a general internist–epidemiologist and director of the W.A. MacColl Institute for Healthcare Innovation at the Center for Health Studies, Group Health Cooperative. He is also professor of health services at the University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine. Current research interests include development and testing of population-based care models for diabetes, frail elderly, and chronic illnesses; evaluation of the health and cost impacts of chronic disease and cancer interventions; and interventions to prevent disability and reduce depressive symptoms in older adults. Dr. Wagner has written two books and more than 200 journal articles. He serves on the editorial boards of

Health Services Research and the Journal of Clinical Epidemiology and acts as a consultant to multiple federal agencies and private foundations. He recently completed a stint as senior adviser on managed care initiatives in the Director’s Office of the National Institutes of Health. Since June 1998, he has directed Improving Chronic Illness Care (ICIC), a national program of The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The overall goal of ICIC is to assist health systems to improve their care of chronic illness through quality improvement and evaluation, research, and dissemination. Dr. Wagner is also principal investigator of the Cancer Research Network, a National Cancer Institute-funded consortium of 10 health maintenance organizations (HMOs) conducting collaborative cancer effectiveness research.

Lawrence Wallack, Dr.P.H.

Dr. Wallack is professor of public health and director, School of Community Health at Portland State University. He is also professor emeritus of public health, University of California, Berkeley. Dr. Wallack’s primary interest is in the role of mass communication, particularly the news media, in shaping public health issues. His current research is on how public health issues are framed in print and broadcast news. He is principal author of Media Advocacy and Public Health: Power for Prevention and News for a Change: An Advocate’s Guide to Working with the Media. He is also co-editor of Mass Communications and Public Health: Complexities and Conflicts. Dr. Wallack has published extensively on topics related to prevention, health promotion, and community interventions. Specific content areas of his research and intervention work have included alcohol, tobacco, violence, handguns, sexually transmitted diseases, cervical and breast cancer, affirmative action, suicide, and childhood lead poisoning. Dr. Wallack is a member of the IOM Committee on Communication for Behavior Change in the 21st Century: Improving the Health of Diverse Populations.

Barbara Wolfe, Ph.D.*

Barbara Wolfe is professor of economics, public affairs, and preventive medicine at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and the former director of its Institute for Research on Poverty. She teaches health and public economics. She has been a fellow at the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study, a research associate for the National Bureau of Economic Research, a member of the Board for International Health of the Institute of Medicine, and a scholar at the Russell Sage Foundation. Dr. Wolfe’s research interests include determinants of children’s attainments, effects of investments in children, health insurance and the labor market, and methodological issues. She received her B.A. degree in economics from Cornell University and an M.A. and Ph.D. in economics from the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Wolfe previously served on the IOM Committee on Immunization Finance Policies and Practices.

Wilhelmine Miller, M.S., Ph.D.

Wilhelmine Miller is a senior program officer in the Division of Health Care Services. She served as staff to the Committee on Immunization Finance Policy and Practices, conducting and directing case studies of health care financing and public health services. Prior to joining IOM, Dr. Miller was an adjunct faculty member in the Departments of Philosophy at Georgetown University and Trinity College, teaching political philosophy, ethics, and public policy. She received her doctorate from Georgetown, with studies and research in bioethics and issues of social justice. In 1994–1995, Dr. Miller was a consultant to the President’s Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments. Dr. Miller was a program analyst in the Department of Health and Human Services for 14 years, responsible for policy development and regulatory review in areas including hospital and HMO payment, prescription drug benefits, and child health. Her M.S. from Harvard University is in health policy and management.

Dianne Miller Wolman, M.G.A.

Dianne Wolman joined the Health Care Services Division of the IOM in 1999 as a senior program officer. She directed the study that resulted in the IOM report Medicare Laboratory Payment Policy: Now and in the Future, released in 2000. Her previous work experience in the health field has been varied and extensive, focused on finance and reimbursement in insurance programs. She came from the General Accounting Office, where she was a senior evaluator on studies of the Health Care Financing Administration, its management capacity, and its oversight of Medicare contractors. Prior to that, she was a reimbursement policy specialist at a national association representing nonprofit providers of long-term care services. Her earlier positions included policy analysis and management in the Office of the Secretary in the Department of Health and Human Services and work with a peer review organization, a governor’s task force on access to health care, and a third-party administrator for very large health plans. In addition, she was policy director for a state Medicaid rate-setting commission. She has a bachelor’s degree in sociology from Brandeis University and a master’s degree in government administration from Wharton Graduate School, University of Pennsylvania.

Lynne Page Snyder, Ph.D., M.P.H.

Lynne Snyder is a program officer in the IOM’s Division of Health Care Services. She came to IOM from DHHS, where she worked as a public historian, documenting and writing about past federal activities in medicine, health care, and public health. In addition, she has worked for the Social Science Research Council’s Committee on the Urban Underclass and served as a graduate fellow at the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of American History. She has published on twentieth century health policy, occupational and environmental health, and minority health. Current research interests include health literacy and

access to care by low-income seniors. She earned her doctorate in the history and sociology of science from the University of Pennsylvania (1994), working under Rosemary Stevens, and received her M.P.H. from the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health (2000).

Tracy McKay, B.A.

Tracy McKay is a research associate in the IOM Division of Health Care Services. She has worked on several projects, including the National Roundtable on Health Care Quality; Children, Health Insurance, and Access to Care; Quality of Health Care in America; and a study on non-heart-beating organ donors. She has assisted in the research for the National Quality Report on Health Care Delivery, Immunization Finance Policies and Practices, and Extending Medicare Coverage for Preventive and Other Services and helped develop this project on the consequences of uninsurance from its inception. Ms. McKay received her B.A. in sociology from Vassar College in 1996.

Ryan Palugod, B.S.

Ryan Palugod is a senior program assistant in the IOM Division of Health Care Services. Prior to joining the project staff in 2001, he worked as an administrative assistant with the American Association of Homes, Services for the Aging. He graduated with honors from Towson University with a degree in health care management in 1999.

Matthew Broaddus, M.A.

Matthew Broaddus joined the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities in December 1999 as a research assistant in the Health Division. His policy, research, and analytical work is conducted in the areas of Medicaid and child health insurance programs. He graduated from Stanford University with an M.A. in sociology and a B.A. in comparative literature.

Gerry Fairbrother, Ph.D.

Gerry Fairbrother is a senior scientist in the division of health and science policy and research director for the New York forum for child health at the New York Academy of Medicine. She also holds a faculty appointment as associate professor of epidemiology and social medicine at Albert Einstein College of Medicine/ Montefiore Medical Center, where she continues to maintain an appointment. Dr. Fairbrother’s research areas include access and barriers to care, particularly for low-income children. She has led investigations of barriers to enrollment in child health insurance, cost to enroll in these programs, impact of Medicaid managed care on preventive screening for children, and impact of financial incentives on physician behavior. She has served as a consultant to the Institute of Medicine on

projects dealing with immunization financing and the consequences of uninsurance. She also works extensively with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on a project to assist states meet their requirement to monitor immunization rates for children in Medicaid. Dr. Fairbrother holds a Ph.D. from the Johns Hopkins University.

Hanns Kuttner, M.A.

Hanns Kuttner is a senior research associate with the Economic Research Initiative on the Uninsured, a research program on the causes and consequences of uninsurance funded by The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and located at the University of Michigan. Mr. Kuttner is a Ph.D. candidate in the Irving B. Harris Graduate School of Public Policy Studies at the University of Chicago, from which he already holds an M.A. degree. Prior to his graduate studies, Mr. Kuttner was a research affiliate of the Governor’s Task Force on Human Services Reform in Illinois, a member of the domestic policy staff in the Office of Policy Development at the White House during the presidency of George H.W. Bush, and special assistant to the administrator of what was then called the Health Care Financing Administration.