NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Robert M.White is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I.Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce Alberts and Dr. Robert M.White are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
Support for this project was provided by the National Science Foundation (under Grant No. MIP-93/2296). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
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Copyright 1993 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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COMMITTEE TO STUDY INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND MANUFACTURING
PETER WILL,
USC/Information Sciences Institute,
Chair
BARBARA M.FOSSUM,
University of Texas
DENNIS M.HOGAN,
Dennis M.Hogan Associates
NEAL LAURANCE,
Ford Motor Company
KEN J.LINDSAY,
Northrop Aircraft Division
EUGENE S.MEIERAN,
Intel Corporation
RAJ REDDY,
Carnegie Mellon University
WYCKHAM D.SEELIG,
AT&T Network Systems
GILBERT S.STAFFEND,
Allied Signal Automotive
IVAN E.SUTHERLAND,
Sun Microsystems Laboratories Inc.
LOUISE H.TREVILLYAN,
IBM T.J.Watson Research Center
DANIEL E.WHITNEY,
Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc.
EUGENE WONG,
University of California at Berkeley
PAUL K.WRIGHT,
University of California at Berkeley
RICHARD A.WYSK,
Texas A&M University
ROBERT E.KAHN,
Corporation for National Research Initiatives,
Special Advisor
Staff
MARJORY BLUMENTHAL,
Computer Science and Telecommunications Board
THOMAS C.MAHONEY,
Manufacturing Studies Board
MICHAEL A.McDERMOTT,
Manufacturing Studies Board
GREG MEDALIE,
Computer Science and Telecommunications Board
LESLIE WADE, Project Assistant
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS BOARD
WILLIAM WULF,
University of Virginia,
Chair
RUZENA BAJCSY,
University of Pennsylvania
JEFF DOZIER,
University of California at Santa Barbara
DAVID J.FARBER,
University of Pennsylvania
HENRY FUCHS,
University of North Carolina
CHARLES GESCHKE,
Adobe Systems Inc.
JAMES GRAY,
Digital Equipment Corporation
JOHN L.HENNESSY,
Stanford University
DEBORAH A.JOSEPH,
University of Wisconsin
RICHARD M.KARP,
University of California at Berkeley
KEN KENNEDY,
Rice University
BUTLER W.LAMPSON,
Digital Equipment Corporation
BARBARA LISKOV,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
ROBERT L.MARTIN,
Bell Communications Research
DAVID G.MESSERSCHMITT,
University of California at Berkeley
ABRAHAM PELED,
IBM T.J.Watson Research Center (until 08/13/93)
WILLIAM PRESS,
Harvard University
CHARLES L.SEITZ,
California Institute of Technology
MARY SHAW,
Carnegie Mellon University
EDWARD SHORTLIFFE,
Stanford University School of Medicine
CASMIR S.SKRZYPCZAK,
NYNEX Inc.
LAWRENCE T.TESLER,
Apple Computer Inc.
LESLIE L.VADASZ,
Intel Corporation
MARJORY S.BLUMENTHAL, Director
HERBERT S.LIN, Senior Staff Officer
GREG MEDALIE, Staff Officer
JAMES MALLORY, Staff Officer
RENEE A.HAWKINS, Staff Associate
GLORIA BEMAH, Administrative Assistant
JANET QUARLES, Project Assistant
LESLIE WADE, Project Assistant
MANUFACTURING STUDIES BOARD
CHARLES P.FLETCHER,
Aluminum Company of America,
Chair
SARA L.BECKMAN,
University of California at Berkeley
LESLIE A.BENMARK,
E.I.DuPont de Nemours & Co. Inc.
STEVEN J.BOMBA,
Johnson Controls, Inc.
BRIAN E.BOYER,
Northrop Aircraft Division
GARY L.COWGER,
General Motors Corporation
HAROLD E.EDMONDSON,
Hewlett-Packard (retired)
THOMAS G.GUNN,
Gunn Associates Inc.
ALISTAIR M.HANNA,
McKinsey & Co. Inc.
GEORGE J.HESS,
The Ingersoll Milling Machine Co.
CHARLES W.HOOVER, JR.,
Polytechnic University
STEPHEN C.JACOBSEN,
University of Utah
RAMCHANDRAN JAIKUMAR,
Harvard University
J.B.JONES,
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
DONALD KENNEDY,
International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers
THOMAS L.MAGNANTI,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
JOE M.MIZE,
Oklahoma State University
JACOB T.SCHWARTZ,
New York University
HERBERT B.VOELCKER,
Cornell University
PAUL K.WRIGHT,
University of California at Berkeley
THOMAS C.MAHONEY, Director
MICHAEL A.McDERMOTT, Program Officer
VERNA J.BOWEN, Staff Assistant
LUCY V.FUSCO, Staff Assistant
COMMISSION ON PHYSICAL SCIENCES, MATHEMATICS, AND APPLICATIONS
RICHARD N.ZARE,
Stanford University,
Chair
RICHARD S.NICHOLSON,
American Association for the Advancement of Science,
Vice-Chair
JOHN A.ARMSTRONG,
IBM Corporation
SYLVIA T.CEYER,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
GEORGE W.CLARK,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
AVNER FRIEDMAN,
University of Minnesota
SUSAN L.GRAHAM,
University of California at Berkeley
ROBERT J.HERMANN,
United Technologies Corporation
NEAL F.LANE,
Rice University
CLAIRE E.MAX,
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
CHRISTOPHER F.McKEE,
University of California at Berkeley
JAMES W.MITCHELL,
AT&T Bell Laboratories
JEROME SACKS,
National Institute of Statistical Sciences
A.RICHARD SEEBASS III,
University of Colorado
CHARLES P.SLICHTER,
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
ALVIN W.TRIVELPIECE,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
NORMAN METZGER, Executive Director
COMMISSION ON ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL SYSTEMS
ALBERT R.C.WESTWOOD,
Martin Marietta Corporation,
Chair
NANCY RUTLEDGE CONNERY, Consultant
RICHARD A.CONWAY,
Union Carbide Corporation
GERARD W.ELVERUM, JR.,
TRW Inc. (retired)
E.R. (VALD) HEIBERG III,
J.A.Jones Construction Company
WILLIAM G.HOWARD, JR., Consultant
JOHN McCARTHY,
Stanford University
ALTON D.SLAY,
Slay Enterprises Inc.
JAMES J.SOLBERG,
Purdue University
CHARLES F.TIFFANY,
Boeing Military Airplane Company (retired)
JOHN A.TILLINGHAST,
Tiltec
PAUL TORGERSON,
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
GEORGE L.TURIN,
Teknekron Corporation
JOHN B.WACHTMAN, JR.,
Rutgers University
BRIAN J.WATT,
Joy Environmental Technology
WILLIAM C.WEBSTER,
University of California at Berkeley
ROBERT V.WHITMAN,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
ARCHIE L.WOOD, Executive Director
Preface
At the request of the National Science Foundation, the National Research Council’s Computer Science and Telecommunications Board (CSTB) and Manufacturing Studies Board (MSB) formed the Committee to Study Information Technology and Manufacturing in April 1993. The committee of 16 individuals from academia and industry was charged with determining the computer science and engineering research needed to support advanced manufacturing.
In preparing this first of two reports, the committee reviewed and synthesized relevant material from recent reports and initiatives, interviewed a number of researchers and practitioners in the field, and met twice to discuss the input from these sources as well as the independent observations and findings of the committee members themselves. The committee, which benefited from its heterogeneous composition, included experts from the information technology and the manufacturing domains, individuals involved in research and development as well as implementation, and individuals experienced in the manufacture of mechanical and electronic products.
The committee focused on articulating a vision of manufacturing in the year 2010 (sometimes referred to as the 21st century vision), identifying the obstacles to achieving the vision, and identifying research topics that address the obstacles. Its deliberations centered on the three thrusts outlined by the Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering, and Technology (FCCSET) in its Advanced Manufacturing Technology Initiative:
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“Intelligent” manufacturing equipment and systems,
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Integrated tools for product, process, and enterprise design, and
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Advanced manufacturing technology infrastructure.
The range and combination of research topics recommended by the committee are an essential feature of this report. Some of the topics chosen by the committee have been proposed in prior reports (these are pointed out in chapter end notes and in the bibliography); the need for work in some areas is enduring. Some topics fall into areas of long-standing need but are advanced with new emphases. Because of limited time, the committee was unable to assess in depth the topics it identified. The second report of the committee, to be released in late 1994, will further address issues presented in this preliminary report and will consider related issues.
The CSTB and MSB are grateful to the National Science Foundation, to those who made presentations and/or submitted written material to the committee, and to those who reviewed this report. The committee, of course, remains responsible for the report’s content.
