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Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2002. Countering Bioterrorism: The Role of Science and Technology. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10536.
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References

Anderson, R.M. 2001. “The Application of Mathematical Models in Infectious Disease Research,” Firepower in the Lab: Automation in the Fight Against Infectious Diseases and Bioterrorism, S.P. Layne, T.J. Beugelsdijk, and C.K.N. Patel, eds., Joseph Henry Press, Washington, D.C.


Barbera, J., L. Gostin, T. Inglesby, T. O’Toole, C. DeAtley, K. Tonat, and M. Layton. 2001. “Large-Scale Quarantine Following Bioterrorism in the United States,” JAMA, Vol. 286, pp. 2711-2717.

Bradley, R.N. 2000. “Health Care Facility Preparation for Weapons of Mass Destruction,” Prehospital Emergency Care, Vol. 4, pp. 261-269.

Brinsfield, K.H., J.E. Gunn, M.A. Barry, V. McKenna, K.S. Dyer, and C. Sulis. 2001. “Using Volume-Based Surveillance for an Outbreak Early Warning System,” Academic Emergency Medicine, Vol. 8, p. 492.


Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2001. “Updated Guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems: Recommendations from the Guidelines Working Group,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Vol. 50, No. RR-13, pp. 1-35.

CDC. 2000. “Biological and Chemical Terrorism: Strategic Plan for Preparedness and Response, Recommendations of the CDC Strategic Planning Working Group, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Vol. 49, No. RR04, pp. 1-14.

Committee on Emerging Microbial Threats to Health, Institute of Medicine, National Research Council. 1992. Emerging Infections: Microbial Threats to Health in the United States, Joshua Lederberg, Robert E. Shope, and Stanley C. Oaks, Jr., eds., National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.

Cox, N.J., and K. Subbarao. 2000. “Global Epidemiology of Influenza: Past and Present,” Annual Review of Medicine, Vol. 51, pp. 407-421.

Cummings, C.A., and D.A. Relman. 2000. “Using DNA Microarrays to Study Host-Microbe Interactions,” Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol. 6, No. 5, pp. 513-525.

Cummings, C.A., and D.A. Relman. 2002. “Microbial Forensics—When Pathogens Are “Cross-Examined,” Science, May 9.


Defense Threat Reduction Agency. 2001. Human Behavior and WMD Crisis/Risk Communication—Final Report from a Workshop, March. Available online at < http://www.dtra.mil/about/organization/finalreport.pdf>.

Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2002. Countering Bioterrorism: The Role of Science and Technology. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10536.
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Fine, A., and M. Layton. 2001. “Lessons from the West Nile Viral Encephalitis Outbreak in New York City, 1999: Implications for Bioterrorism Preparedness,” Clinical Infectious Diseases, Vol. 32, pp. 277-282.


Gust, I.D., A.W Hampson, and D. Lavanchy. 2001. “Planning for the Next Pandemic of Influenza,” Reviews in Medicine Virology 2001, Vol. 11, pp. 59-70.


Hilleman, M.R. 2001. “Current Overview of the Pathogenesis and Prophylaxis of Measles with Focus on Practical Implications,” Vaccine, Vol. 20, pp. 651-665.


Institute of Medicine. 1992. Emerging Infections: Microbial Threats to Human Health, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.

Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.

Institute of Medicine. 2002. Preparing for Terrorism: Tools for Evaluating the Metropolitan Medical Response System Program, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.

Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance. 2000. A Public Health Action Plan to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance. Available online at <http://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/actionplan/html/index.htm>.


Layne, S.P., and T.J. Beugelsdijk. 1998. “Laboratory Firepower for Infectious Disease Research,” Nature Biotechnology, Vol. 16, No. 9, pp. 825-829.

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Layne, S.P., T.J. Beugelsdijk, J.K. Taubenberger, N.J. Cox, I.D. Gust, A.J. Hay, M. Tashiro, and D. Lavanchy. 2001. “Global Laboratory Against Influenza,” Science, Vol. 293, p. 1729.


MacDonald, J.M., M.E. Ollinger, K.E. Nelson, and C.R. Handy. 1999. “Consolidation in U.S. Meatpacking,” Agricultural Economics Report, No. 785. Available at USDA-ERS Web site.

Murch, R.S. 2001. “Forensic Perspective on Bioterrorism and the Proliferation of Bioweapons,” Firepower in the Lab: Automation in the Fight Against Infectious Diseases and Bioterrorism, S.P. Layne, T.J. Beugelsdijk, and C.K.N. Patel, eds., Joseph Henry Press, Washington, D.C.


National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. 2002. NIAID Biodefense Research Agenda for CDC Category A Agents: Responding Through Research, National Institutes of Health, February. Available online at <http://www.niaid.nih.gov/dmid/pdf/biotresearchagenda.pdf>.

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Nikkari, S., Lopez, F.A., Lepp, P.W., Cieslak, P.R., Ladd-Wilson, S., Passaro, D., Danila, R., Relman, D.A. 2000. “Broad-Range Bacterial Detection and the Analysis of Unexplained Death and Critical Illness,” Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 188-194.


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Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2002. Countering Bioterrorism: The Role of Science and Technology. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10536.
×
Page 57
Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2002. Countering Bioterrorism: The Role of Science and Technology. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10536.
×
Page 58
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The attacks of September 11 and the release of anthrax spores revealed enormous vulnerabilities in the U.S. public-health infrastructure and suggested similar vulnerabilities in the agricultural infrastructure as well. The traditional public health response—surveillance (intelligence), prevention, detection, response, recovery, and attribution—is the paradigm for the national response not only to all forms of terrorism but also to emerging infectious diseases. Thus, investments in research on bioterrorism will have enormous potential for application in the detection, prevention, and treatment of emerging infectious diseases that also are unpredictable and against which we must be prepared. The deciphering of the human genome sequence and the complete elucidation of numerous pathogen genomes, our rapidly increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis and of immune responses, and new strategies for designing drugs and vaccines all offer unprecedented opportunities to use science to counter bioterrorist threats. But these same developments also allow science to be misused to create new agents of mass destruction. Hence the effort to confront bioterrorism must be a global one. Countering Bioterrorism makes the following recommendations:

Recommendation 1: All agencies with responsibility for homeland security should work together to establish stronger and more meaningful working ties between the intelligence, S&T, and public health communities.

Recommendation 2: Federal agencies should work cooperatively and in collaboration with industry to develop and evaluate rapid, sensitive, and specific early-detection technologies.

Recommendation 3: Create a global network for detection and surveillance, making use of computerized methods for real-time reporting and analysis to rapidly detect new patterns of disease locally, nationally, and ultimately— internationally. The use of high-throughput methodologies that are being increasingly utilized in modern biological research should be an important component of this expanded and highly automated surveillance strategy.

Recommendation 4: Use knowledge of complex biological patterns and high-throughput laboratory automation to classify and diagnose infections in patients in primary care settings.

Recommendation 5: USDA should create an agency for control and prevention of plant disease. This agency should have the capabilities necessary to deal effectively with biothreats.

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