APPENDIX D
Malaria Research and Technical Resources
GENERAL INFORMATION
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World Health Organization/Roll Back Malaria (RBM) (<http://www.rbm.who.int>): RBM offers information and technical assistance for malaria control in complex emergencies. Listed below are examples of the types of resources available from the RBM website:
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“Outline Strategy for Malaria Control in Complex Emergencies” (<http://www.who.int/eha/resource/manuals/guidelines/malaria/rationale>)
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Malaria profiles of 20 affected countries.
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Technical Resource Network (TRN): The TRN offers technical field support to affected countries, NGOs, and others requesting assistance. The coordinated field support generally lasts 2 weeks to 2 months. This partnership of experts includes representatives from the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the International Federation of the Red Cross (IFRC), the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit (SMRU), the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), MERLIN, HealthNet, and the Malaria Consortium. TRN contacts are given below:
1. Roll Back Malaria Tech Resource Network for Malaria Control in Complex Emergencies
ATTN: Secretariat
World Health Organization
20, Avenue Appia
CH 1211
Geneva, Switzerland
RBM Technical Strategies Malaria in Emergencies
2. Dr. Holly Ann Williams (point of contact for U.S.-based nongovernmental organizations)
Malaria Epidemiology Branch
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
MS F-22
4770 Buford Hwy NE
Atlanta, GA 30341
USA
(770) 488-7764
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An Interagency Handbook on Malaria Control in Complex Emergencies (in press).
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World Health Organization
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J.A. Nájera, R.L. Kouznetzsov, and C. Delacollette, Malaria Epidemics: Detection and Control, Forecasting and Prevention, WHO/ MAL/98.1084, 1998.
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J.A. Nájera, Malaria Control Among Refugees and Displaced Populations, CTD/MAL/96.6, WHO Division of Control of Tropical Diseases, Malaria Unit, 1996.
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WHO, WHO Expert Committee on Malaria (20th Report), WHO Technical Report Series No. 892, 2000.
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Manual for Indoor Residual Spraying, Application of Residual Sprays for Vector Control, WHO/CDS/WHOPES/GCDPP/2000.3, WHO Communicable Disease Control, Prevention and Eradication, WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme, 2000.
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Malaria Foundation International (<http://www.malaria.org>): The foundation’s mission is to facilitate the development and implementation of solutions to the health, economic, and social problems caused by malaria.
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Multilateral Initiative on Malaria (MIM) (<http://mim.nih.gov>).
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NetMark (<http://www.netmarkafrica.org>): NetMark seeks an innovative approach to preventing malaria in Africa by promoting insecticide-treated materials (ITMs) through the formation of public-private partnerships.
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The Sphere Project (<http://www.sphereproject.org>): This project has developed a humanitarian charter and a set of universal minimum standards in core areas of humanitarian assistance: water supply and sanitation, nutrition, food aid, shelter and site planning, and health care services. The aim of the project is to improve the quality of assistance provided to people affected by disasters and to enhance the accountability of the humanitarian system in disaster response.
DIAGNOSTIC AIDS
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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DPDx: (<http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx>): A web-based program to assist in the identification of parasites of public health concern. DPDx (Division of Parasitic Diseases Diagnosis) offers two complimentary functions: a reference and training function and a diagnostic assistance function. For laboratories with such a capacity, digital images can be submitted via the Internet.
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World Health Organization:
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Bench Aids for the Diagnosis of Malaria (Plates No. 1-8), WHO, Geneva, 1999.
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Basic Malaria Microscopy (Part I: Learner’s Guide, Part II: Tutor’s Guide), WHO, Geneva, 1991.
CASE MANAGEMENT
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Severe malaria
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World Health Organization, Severe falciparum malaria, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 94 (Suppl. 1), 2000.
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World Health Organization, Management of Severe Malaria: A Practical Handbook, 2nd ed., WHO, Geneva, 2000. Also available at <http://www.rbm.who.int.>
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J. Crawley. Reducing deaths from malaria among children: The pivotal role of prompt, effective treatment, Africa Health (Suppl., Sept. 25). Available via RBM website.
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Pregnancy
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Malaria in Pregnancy, proceedings of a workshop held in Liverpool in September 1998 at the Second European Congress on Tropical Medicine, Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 93 (Suppl. 1), Dec. 1999.
MISCELLANEOUS COMPLEX EMERGENCY AGENCIES AND PROGRAMS
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Johns Hopkins University, Refugee and Disaster Studies: <http://jhspu.edu/Refugee/links.html>
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Center of Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance: <http://website.tamc.amedd.army.mil>
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University of Wisconsin-Disaster Management Center: <http://epdwww.engr.wisc.edu/dmc>
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UCLA Center for Public Health and Disaster Relief: <http://www.ph.ucla/cphdr>
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Refugee Studies Centre, Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford: <http://www.qeh.ox.ac.uk/rsc>. Offers an excellent documentation center and training programs.
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Columbia University Program on Forced Migration and Health: <http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/dept/sph/popfam/rp/forced_health>
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Relief Web: <http://www.reliefweb.int/w/rwb.nsf>
RESEARCH TOOLS
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Catholic Relief Services (<http://www.catholicrelief.org>). Offers a resource manual on rapid and participatory research that can be used to conduct behavioral research in a complex emergency (Rapid Rural Appraisal and Participatory Rural Appraisal Manual): <http://www.catholicrelief.org/what/overseas/rra_manual.cfm>.
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Center for International Emergency, Disaster and Refugee Studies, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health: <http://www.jhsph.edu/refugee/resources.html>. Offers resources for qualitative research methods.
TEXTS OF INTEREST
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Médecins Sans Frontières, Refugee Health: An Approach to Emergency Situations, Macmillan, London, 1997.
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H.M. Gilles and D.A. Warrell, Bruce-Chwatt’s Essential Malariology, 3rd ed., Arnold, London, 1993.
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National Association of Practicing Anthropologists, Caring for Those in Crisis: Integrating Anthropology and Public Health in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies, NAPA Bulletin 21, American Anthropological Association, Washington, D.C., 2001. The issue is devoted to strengthening the ties between anthropology and public health practitioners, and malaria is used as an example in several chapters. For information on obtaining the bulletin: <http://www.napabulletin.org/bulletin21.htm>