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i
Glossary and Acronym List
GLOSSARY
Chronic condition. A condition that requires ongoing medical care, including monitoring, treatment,
and coordination among multiple providers; limits what one can do; and is likely to last longer than
1 year. Examples include diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease (Partnership for Solutions,
2002~.
Clinicians. individual health care providers, such as physicians, nurse practitioners, nurses, physician
assistants, and others.
Providers. Refers to both institutional providers of health care services (e.g., health plans, health
maintenance organizations tHMOs], hospitals, nursing homes) and clinicians (e.g., physicians, nurse
practitioners, nurses, physician assistants).
Quality. The degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood
of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowledge (Institute of Medi-
cine, 1990~.
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~ Glossary and Acronym List
Quality aims. Six dimensions of quality that constitute the goals of the health system (Institute of
Medicine, 2001)0
· Safe—avoiding injuries to patients from the care that is intended to help them.
· Effective providing services based on scientific knowledge to all who could benefit and refrain-
ing from providing services to those not likely to benefit (avoiding underuse and overuse, respec-
tively).
Patient-centered—providing care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patient prefer-
ences, needs, and values and ensuring that patient values guide all clinical decisions.
T'mel~reducing waits and sometimes harmful delays for both those who receive and those who
give care.
Efficient avoiding waste, including waste of equipment, supplies, ideas, and energy.
Equitable~providing care that does not vary in quality because of personal characteristics such
as gender, ethnicity, geographic location, and socioeconomic status.
Quality (or performance) measures. These include measures of patient perspectives on care, clini-
cal quality, and patient outcomes:
.
Measures of patient perspectives include patients' assessment of and satisfaction with their
access to and interactions with the care delivery system (e.g., waiting times, information received
from providers, choice of providers).
Measures of clinical quality are specific quantitative indicators designated to identify whether the
care provided conforms to established treatment goals and care processes for specific clinical
presentations. Clinical quality measures generally consist of a descriptive statement or indicator
(e.g., the rate of beta blocker usage after heart attack, the 30-day mortality rate following coro-
nary artery bypass graft surgery), a list of data elements that are necessary to construct and/or re-
port the measure, detailed specifications that direct how the data elements are to be collected
(including the source of data), the population on whom the measure is constructed, the timing of
data collection and reporting, the analytic models used to construct the measure, and the format
in which the results will be presented. Measures may also include thresholds, standards, or other
benchmarks of performance (McGlynn, 2002~.
Measures of patient outcomes include mortality, morbidity, and physical and mental functioning.
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Glossary and Acronym List
ACRONYM LIST
ACEs avoidable classes of events or accelerated compensation events
AHRQ Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
BPHC Bureau of Primary Health Care
CHC Community Health Center
CHEF} Consolidated Health Informatics Initiative
CMS Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
DHHS U. S. Department of Health and Human Services
DICOM Digital Unaging and Communications in Medicine
FFS fee-for-service
FPL federal poverty level
FQHC Federally-Qualified Health Center
HI:PAA Health Insurance and Portability Act of 1996
HL7 Health Level 7
HMO health maintenance organization
HRSA Health Resources and Services Administration
ICT information and communications technology
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
INPC Indiana Network for Patient Care
TOM Institute of Medicine
ISDI Integrated Service Development Initiative
NCPDP National Council for Prescription Drug Programs
NEHEN New England Healthcare ED:[ [electronic data interchange] Network
NEM National Library of Medicine
PSI Patient Safety Initiative
REP request for proposals
S CHIP State Children's Health Insurance Program
VHA Veterans Health Administration
Representative terms from entire chapter:
health center
