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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2003. Review of DOE's Vision 21 Research and Development Program: Phase I. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10596.
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References

DeLallo., M., J.S. White, N.A. Holt, and R.H. Wolk. 1998. Preliminary Evaluation of Innovative Cycles Incorporating Carbon Dioxide Removal. Presented at the EPRI/Gasification Technologies Conference, San Francisco, California, October 4-7.

Department of Energy (DOE). 1999a. Vision 21 Program Plan: Clean Energy Plants for the 21st Century. Morgantown, W.Va.: Federal Energy Technology Center (now NETL).

DOE. 1999b. 21st Century Fuel Cells: Collaboration for a Leap in Efficiency and Cost Reduction. Morgantown, W.Va.: Federal Energy Technology Center (now NETL).

DOE. 1999c. Coal and Power Systems: Strategic Plan and Multiyear Program Plans. Morgantown, W.Va.: Federal Energy Technology Center (now NETL).

DOE. 2002a. Gasification Markets and Technologies—Present and Future. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy (to be published).

DOE. 2002b. See the NETL Web site, <http://www.fetc.doe.gov>.

DOE. 2002c. The Cost of Mercury Removal in an IGCC Plant. Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory by Parsons Infrastructure and Technology Group, Inc., Michael G. Klett, Russell C. Maxwell, and Michael D. Rutkowski, principal investigators.


Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). 1999. Electricity Technology Roadmap. Vol. 2. Electricity Supply. Palo Alto, Calif.: Electric Power Research Institute.

Elsevier Science. 1997. Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis 107; Natural Gas Conversion IV. Proceedings of the 4th International Natural Gas Conversion Symposium, Kruger Park, South Africa, November 19-23, M. de Pontes, R.L. Espinoza, C.P. Nicolaides, J.H. Scholtz, and M.S. Scurrell, eds. New York, N.Y.

Elsevier Science. 1998. Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis 119; Natural Gas Conversion V. Proceedings of the 5th Natural Gas Conversion Symposium, Giardini Naxos-Taormina, Sicily, September 20-25, A. Parmaliana, D. Sanfillippo, F. Frusteri, A. Vaccori, and F. Arena, eds. New York, N.Y.

Elsevier Science. 2001. Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis 136; Natural Gas Conversion VI. Proceedings of the 6th Natural Gas Conversion Symposium, June 17-22, Alaska, E. Iglesia, J.J. Spivey, and J.H. Fleisch, eds. New York, N.Y.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2003. Review of DOE's Vision 21 Research and Development Program: Phase I. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10596.
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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1998. Study of Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions from Electric Utility Steam Generation Units. Final Report to Congress, Volume 2, EPA-453/R-98-004b, Washington, D.C.

Gray, D., and G. Tomlinson. 1997. The technical and economic comparison of natural gas and coal feedstocks for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. In: Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis 107; Natural Gas Conversion IV . Proceedings of the 4th International Natural Gas Conversion Symposium, Kruger Park, South Africa, November 19-23, M. de Pontes, R.L. Espinoza, C.P. Nicolaides, J.H. Scholtz, and M.S. Scurrell, eds. New York, N.Y., Elsevier Science, pp. 145-150.


McWilliams, G. 1997. Gas to oil: A gusher for the millenium. Business Week, May 19; p. 130.

Meyers, R.A. 1997. Handbook of Petroleum Refining Processes. New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill.


National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). 2001. Vision 21 Technology Roadmap. Available online at <http://www.fetc.doe.gov/coalpower/vision21/index.html>.

National Research Council (NRC). 2000. Vision 21, Fossil Fuel Options for the Future. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.


Simbeck, D. 2002. Carbon Separation and Capture from Energy Systems: The Forms and Costs of Separation and Capture. Presentation at the workshop Complements to Kyoto: Technologies for Controlling CO2 Emissions, April 23, National Academy of Engineering, Washington, D.C.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2003. Review of DOE's Vision 21 Research and Development Program: Phase I. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10596.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2003. Review of DOE's Vision 21 Research and Development Program: Phase I. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10596.
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Page 86
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2003. Review of DOE's Vision 21 Research and Development Program: Phase I. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10596.
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Page 87
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2003. Review of DOE's Vision 21 Research and Development Program: Phase I. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10596.
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The Vision 21 Program is a relatively new research and development (R&D) program. It is funded through the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Office of Fossil Energy and its National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). The Vision 21 Program Plan anticipates that Vision 21 facilities will be able to convert fossil fuels (e.g., coal, natural gas, and petroleum coke) into electricity, process heat, fuels, and/or chemicals cost effectively, with very high efficiency and very low emissions, including of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2). The goals of Vision 21 are extremely challenging and ambitious. As noted in the Vision 21 Technology Roadmap, if the program meets its goals, Vision 21 plants would essentially eliminate many of the environmental concerns traditionally associated with the conversion of fossil fuels into electricity and transportation fuels or chemicals (NETL, 2001). Given the importance of fossil fuels, and especially coal, to the economies of the United States and other countries and the need to utilize fossil fuels in an efficient and environmentally acceptable manner, the development of the technologies in the Vision 21 Program is a high priority.

This report contains the results of the second National Research Council (NRC) review of the Vision 21 R&D Program.

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