National Academies Press: OpenBook

Frontiers in Polar Biology in the Genomic Era (2003)

Chapter: Appendix A: Committee Member Biosketches

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Committee Member Biosketches." National Research Council. 2003. Frontiers in Polar Biology in the Genomic Era. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10623.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Committee Member Biosketches." National Research Council. 2003. Frontiers in Polar Biology in the Genomic Era. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10623.
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Page 158
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Committee Member Biosketches." National Research Council. 2003. Frontiers in Polar Biology in the Genomic Era. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10623.
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Page 159
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Committee Member Biosketches." National Research Council. 2003. Frontiers in Polar Biology in the Genomic Era. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10623.
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APPENDIX A Committee Member Biosketches Dr. H. William Detrich III, professor of biochemistry and marine biology at Northeastern University, earned his Ph.D. in biology from Yale Univer- sity in 1979. His research focuses on the molecular adaptations that enable Antarctic fishes to survive and thrive in their cold, ice-laden marine envi- ronment. Specific areas of interest include the adaptation of the micro- tubule cytoskeleton and its associated motors to cold temperatures and the evolution of the Antarctic icefishes, the only vertebrate taxon that fails to make the oxygen transporter hemoglobin. Dr. Detrich has conducted more than 15 research expeditions to U.S. Antarctic research bases, includ- ing Palmer and McMurdo Stations, over the past 20 years. He currently serves on the Palmer Area Users' Committee and the Antarctic Research Vessel Oversight Committee, on groups that provide scientific advice to the U.S. Antarctic Program support contractor, and on the Group of Experts on Antarctic Biology of the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, which advises the Italian government. Working with the Polar Research Board, Dr. Detrich helped draft the proposal to protect two Sites of Special Scien- tific Interest near the Antarctic Peninsula: Western Bransfield Strait (SSSI- 35) and Eastern Dallman Bay (SSSI-36~. Dr. Jody W. Deming is a professor of biological oceanography at the University of Washington. Dr. Deming earned her Ph.D. in microbiology from the University of Maryland in 1981. Her research interests include bacterial foraging and survival strategies, especially the use of extra- cellular enzymes in polar, sedimentary, and deep-sea environments; 157

158 APPENDIX A assessing degradation of natural materials and organic contaminants in marine environments; and limits of microbial life in sea ice and the sub- surface marine biosphere. Her interests include the molecular enzymatic basis for psychrophily in marine bacteria and its relevance to polar ecol- ogy, biotechnology, and bioremediation. Dr. Claire Fraser is president and director of The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) and former director of the Department of Microbial Genomics and vice-president for research at TIGR. She earned her Ph.D. from State University of New York at Buffalo. As leader of the teams that sequenced the genomes of several microbial organisms, Fraser has helped initiate the era of comparative genomics. Her research interests include whole genome sequence analysis of microbial genomes and the use of genomic-based approaches to elucidate differences in gene expression. She currently serves on the Steering Committee for Exploring Horizons for Domestic Animal Genomics and the Science and Technology for Coun- tering Terrorism: Biological Panel. Dr. lames "Tim" Hollibaugh is a professor at the University of Georgia and acting Director of the Department of Marine Sciences. He received his Ph.D. in oceanography in 1977 from Dalhousie University (Canada). His research interests include the structure and function of microbial com- munities, role of bacteria in biogeochemical processes, net ecosystem metabolism, polar oceanography, estuaries, and human impacts in the coastal zone. Dr. Hollibaugh also participated as a panelist in the National Research Council's workshop on Marine Biodiversity. Dr. William Mohn is an associate professor of microbiology at the Uni- versity of British Columbia. He earned his Ph.D. in microbiology in 1990 from Michigan State University. His laboratory is conducting studies aimed at developing technologies to biologically remediate Canadian Arctic sites contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hydrocarbon fuels. He is part of a collaborative genomic project investi- gating Rhodococcus sp. RHA1. His lab also uses molecular approaches to elucidate and monitor complex microbial communities, including those in pulp mill wastewater treatment systems, polluted Arctic soils, and forest soils. Dr. John C. Priscu is a professor of ecology at Montana State University, Bozeman. He earned his Ph.D. in microbial ecology in 1982 from the University of California at Davis and has worked on Antarctic systems for the past 18 years. His research focuses on biochemical transformations in polar freshwater and marine systems, physiological responses of microbes

APPENDIX A 159 to icy environments, and the role of polar systems in global change research and astrobiology. He is currently the U.S. biology representative to SCAR, the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, and serves on the NSF Office Advisory Committee for the Office of Polar Programs and the NSF Advisory Committee for Environmental Research and Educa- tion. Dr. Priscu chairs a SCAR international group of specialists to outline plans for Antarctic subglacial lake research, including Lake Vostok and is a member of the U.S. ice core working group. Dr. George N. Somero is the David and Lucite Packard Professor of Marine Science and the director of the Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University. Dr. Somero earned his Ph.D. in biological sciences in 1967 from Stanford University, conducting research on Antarctic fishes. His research centers on the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mecha- nisms used by organisms to adapt to environmental variation, notably in temperature and ambient salinity. Current studies focus on amino acid substitutions that are important in adaptation of proteins to temperature, physiological determinants of biogeographic patterning, the physiology of invasive species, and the effects of environmental variation on gene expression. He previously served as a member of the Ocean Studies Board's Committee on Marine Reserves and Protected Areas and is a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Dr. Michael F. Thomashow is a professor in the MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory and Departments of Crop and Soil Sciences and Microbiology and Molecular Genetics at Michigan State University. He earned his Ph.D. in microbiology in 1978 from the University of California at Los Angeles. His recent research has focused on the genetics of cold acclimation in Arabidopsis and other plants. He has discovered a family of regulatory proteins that control a battery of genes that impart both freezing and dehydration tolerance. These genes may have applications in increasing the freezing and drought tolerance of agronomic plants. He is a member of the American Academy of Microbiology and received the 2001 Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Award presented to the individual judged to have made the most significant contribution to American agri- culture during the previous five years. Dr. Diana Wall is a professor and Director, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University. She earned her Ph.D. in plant pathology in 1970 from the University of Kentucky. Her research focuses on assessing global change impacts on soil biodiversity and ecology in Antarctic Dry Valleys, the relationship of soil biodiversity to ecosystem functioning, nematode community structure and function, and conse-

160 FEW ~ Fences of Oman acOvU1es on sod susta~1~. She chaws Me C.S. Scientific Committee on Froblems of the Environment (SCOFF)' and serves on We C.~ National Comm1hee for DIVERSI1AS' Me Comm1hee on Agricultural B10technology' HeaHh' and Me Environment and Me C.S. National Committee for So11 Science.

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As we enter the twenty-first century, the polar biological sciences stand well poised to address numerous important issues, many of which were unrecognized as little as 10 years ago. From the effects of global warming on polar organisms to the potential for life in subglacial Lake Vostok, the opportunities to advance our understanding of polar ecosystems are unprecedented. The era of “genome-enabled” biology is upon us, and new technologies will allow us to examine polar biological questions of unprecedented scope and to do so with extraordinary depth and precision.

Frontiers in Polar Biology in the Genomic Revolution highlights research areas in polar biology that can benefit from genomic technologies and assesses the impediments to the conduct of polar genomic research. It also emphasizes the importance of ancillary technologies to the successful application of genomic technologies to polar studies. It recommends the development of a new initiative in polar genome sciences that emphasizes collaborative multidisciplinary research to facilitate genome analyses of polar organisms and coordinate research efforts.

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