tions and he chairs a WHO Working Group on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Dr. Kim also serves as Director of the Program in Infectious Disease and Social Change at Harvard Medical School and is Chief of the Division of Social Medicine and Health Inequalities at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston. He was lead editor of Dying for Growth: Global Inequality and the Health of the Poor, a volume that examines the socioeconomic forces that impact health outcomes of the poor throughout the world. He has recently edited, along with the WHO, The Global Plan to Stop TB, the first consensus business plan for the global TB control community.

KEITH P. KLUGMAN, MBBCH, PH.D., is Professor of International Health, the Rollins School of Public Health, and Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. He is a Visiting Researcher at the Respiratory Diseases Branch of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. He is currently Director of the Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit of the Medical Research Council and the National Health Laboratory Service at the University of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg. Dr. Klugman has a Ph.D. in physiology and specialist qualifications from South Africa and the United Kingdom in pathology and microbiology. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of South Africa, a member of the Wellcome Trust Tropical Diseases Interest Group, the Executive Committee of the International Society of Chemotherapy, the U.S. National Committee of the International Union of Microbiological Societies, and has authored more than 250 publications in peer-reviewed journals. He is internationally known for his research on antibiotic-resistant bacteria, opportunistic respiratory infections associated with HIV, and bacterial vaccines.

ADEL A.F. MAHMOUD. M.D., PH.D., is President of Merck Vaccines at Merck & Co., Inc. He formerly served Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland as Chairman of Medicine and Physician-in-Chief from 1987 to 1998. Born in Cairo, Egypt, Dr. Mahmoud received his M.D. degree from the University of Cairo. He was selected a WHO fellow to study for the Ph.D. degree at the University of London, School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, which he was awarded in 1971. Dr. Mahmoud prepared the first specific anti-eosinophil serum, which was used to define the role of these cells in host resistance to helminthic infections. Dr. Mahmoud’s work to examine the determinants of infection and disease in schistosomiasis and other infectious agents led to the development of innovative strategies to control those infections, which have been adopted by the World Health Organization as selective population chemotherapy. Dr. Mahmoud was elected to membership of the American Society for Clinical Investigation in 1978, the Association of American Physicians