Shipboard Automatic Identification System Displays: Meeting the Needs of Mariners -- Special Report 273 (2003)

Requirement Type: Information and Task Requirements (Requirement No. 1.0)

1.1.1

Description: Class A Functional Requirements

1.1.1.1

The shipboard AIS is designed to provide identification, navigation information, and vessel’s current intentions to other ships.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 2.4

1.1.1.2

AIS shall provide ship-to-ship collision avoidance information.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 1.2.2

1.1.1.3

AIS shall receive and process information from other sources, including that from a competent authority and from other ships.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 1.2.2

1.1.1.4

AIS shall respond to high-priority and safety-related calls with a minimum of delay.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 1.2.2

1.1.1.5

AIS shall provide positional and maneuvering information at a data rate adequate to facilitate accurate track-keeping.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 1.2.2

1.1.1.6

AIS shall be capable of sending ship information such as identification, position, course, speed, ship’s length, draft, ship type, and cargo information to other ships and aircraft and to the shore.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 1.2.2

1.1.1.7

AIS can have an aid to navigation transmit its identity, its state of “health,” and other information such as real-time tidal height, tidal stream, and local weather to surrounding ships or back to the shore authority.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 3.3.3

1.1.2

Description: Class A Derivative Functional Requirements

1.1.2.1

Class A derivatives are not defined in any of the AIS-related documents (IMO, ITU, IEC, IALA). Class A derivatives may be the result of any local or international development for particular groups of users. Examples are inland and coastal navigation, development of personal pilot units, and the use of AIS in harbors for service vessels like tugs, buoy tenders, hydrographic ships, pilot vessels, and so forth.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 12.6

1.1.2.2

Class A derivatives are intended to use the same functionality and reporting rate as Class A stations on VDL message level. The main difference between Class A and Class A derivatives is that not all mandatory components of Class A stations must be included.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 12.6

1.2

Description: Minimum Display Requirements—Class A

1.2.1

The AIS display shall provide at least three lines of 16 alphanumeric characters, sufficient to obtain the target vessel’s identity and position.

IEC TC 80 Test Standard IEC 61993-2, June 2001

1.2.2

The minimum mandated display provides not less than three lines of data consisting of bearing, range, and name of a selected ship.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.2

1.2.3

The minimum keyboard and display indicates alarm conditions and means to view and acknowledge the alarm.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 12.4.4

1.2.4

When the minimum keyboard and display AIS unit gives an alarm, the display indicates to the user that an alarm is present and provides a means to display the alarm.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 12.4.4

1.2.5

When an alarm is selected for display on the minimum keyboard and display, it is possible to acknowledge the alarm.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 12.4.4

1.2.6

Other data of the ship can be displayed on the minimum mandated display by horizontal scrolling of data, but scrolling of bearing and range is not possible.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.2

1.2.8

The unit will be fitted with, at least, a minimum keyboard and display or a dedicated dynamic display that interfaces with the AIS.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.1

1.2.9

A dedicated dynamic display that interfaces with the AIS shall display the unit’s operational status (which should be regularly checked).

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.1

1.2.10

A dedicated dynamic display that interfaces with the AIS shall display target information.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.1

1.2.11

The minimum keyboard and display shall indicate the state/condition change inside the AIS and provide a means to view the state/condition change message.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 12.4.4

1.2.12

The minimum keyboard and display may be used to input voyage-related information, such as cargo category, maximum preset static draught, number of persons on board, destination, ETA, and navigational status.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 12.4.4

1.2.13

The minimum keyboard and display may be used to input static information such as MMSI number, IMO number, ship’s call number, ship’s name, length and beam, position reference points for GNSS antenna, and type of ship.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 12.4.4

1.2.14

The minimum keyboard and display displays safety-related messages. The minimum keyboard and display will indicate to the operator when a safety-related message has been received and display it on request.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 12.4.4

1.2.15

The minimum keyboard and display may be used to input safety-related messages. It is possible to input and send addressed (message 12) and broadcast (message 14) safety-related messages from the minimum keyboard and display.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 12.4.4

1.2.16

The minimum keyboard and display may change the AIS unit mode of response to long-range (LR) interrogations.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 12.4.4

1.2.17

The minimum keyboard and display sets the AIS to automatically or manually respond to LR interrogations. The mode (LR or default) the AIS unit is in will be displayed where appropriate.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 12.4.4

1.2.19

The minimum keyboard and display indicates LR interrogations when in manual mode.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 12.4.4

1.2.20

The minimum keyboard and display provides a means to initiate a reply or cancel a reply to an LR interrogation.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 12.4.4

1.2.21

When in manual mode to an LR interrogation, the minimum keyboard and display will indicate that the system was LR interrogated until the operator has replied to the interrogation or canceled the reply.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 12.4.4

1.2.22

The minimum keyboard and display may be used to control the AIS channel switching.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 12.4.4

1.2.23

It is possible to change the AIS operational frequencies and power settings from the minimum keyboard and display.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 12.4.4

1.2.24

The minimum keyboard and display displays GPS position when the internal GNSS receiver is operating as the backup position source for the AIS reporting.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 12.4.4

1.2.25

When the AIS is using the internal GPS for position reporting, that position must be continuously displayed.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 12.4.4

1.2.26

The AIS unit has an option where it uses the internal GPS receiver position information for position reporting. When in this mode, the position that is transmitted by the AIS will be available on the minimum keyboard and display.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 12.4.4

1.2.27

Some of the above minimum keyboard and display functions can be password protected.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 12.4.4

1.3

Description: Minimum Display Requirements—Class B

1.3.1

The minimum keyboard and display unit, as on Class A stations, may not be required on pleasure craft. They may use the Class B station as a black box (to be seen) or connected to a more or less sophisticated display (e.g., ECS/ECDIS) to see and present own position and other AIS targets in relation to the environment.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 12.4.4

1.4

Description: Minimum Display Requirements—Class A Derivative Stations

1.4.1

The minimum keyboard and display for Class A derivative stations may not be required.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 12.6

1.4.2

Non-SOLAS vessels can use the Class A derivative station configured as

• A black box (to allow the vessel to be seen only),

• Connected to a more or less sophisticated display (i.e., ECS/ECDIS), or

• Other external system for special applications to see and present own position in relation to the environment.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 12.6

1.4.3

There must be at least one means to program Class A derivative stations with static data.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 12.6

1.5

Description: Target Discrimination Requirements

1.5.1

Target data derived from radar and AIS should be clearly distinguishable as such.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.1.7; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.7.6

1.5.2

If more than one target is selected, the source of the data (e.g., AIS, radar) should be clearly indicated.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.1.8; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.7.7

1.5.3

Correlation between primary radar targets and AIS targets is likely to be required.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.1.13

1.6

Description: Additional Information Requirements

1.6.1

If an AIS target is marked for data display, related data from other target sources may be available for display upon operator command.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.2.6

1.6.3

Additional parts of information available from AIS targets should be presented in the data area of display.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.1.5; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.7.4

1.6.4

Additional parts of information should be available from AIS targets and should include the ship’s identification (at least the MMSI).

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.1.5; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.7.4

1.6.5

If the additional information available from AIS targets is incomplete, this should be indicated.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.1.5; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.7.4

1.7

Description: Message Requirements

1.7.1

Description: Short Safety-Related Message Requirements

1.7.1.1

Short safety-related messages can be either “addressed” to a specified destination (MMSI) or “broadcast” to all AIS-fitted ships in the area.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 2.3

1.7.1.2

Short safety-related messages can include up to 160 six-bit ASCII characters in the text of the message but should be kept as short as possible.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 3.2.7

1.7.1.3

Short safety-related messages can be fixed- or free-format text messages.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 3.2.7

1.7.1.4

Short safety-related messages should be relevant to the safety of navigation (e.g., an iceberg sighted or a buoy not on station).

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 3.2.7

1.7.1.5

Operator acknowledgment of short safety-related messages may be requested by a text message.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 3.2.7

1.7.1.6

If operator acknowledgment of a short safety-related message is requested, a Binary Acknowledgement Message will be used.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 3.2.7

1.7.2

Description: Aid to Navigation Message Requirements

1.7.2.1

Aid to navigation messages can provide information on the location and identification of hazards and marks used for navigation.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 3.2.7

1.7.2.2

Aid to navigation messages can provide information of a meteorological or oceanographic nature of benefit to the mariner.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 3.3.3

1.7.2.3

Aid to navigation messages can provide information on the operational status of the aid.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 3.3.3

1.7.3

Description: Advice of VTS Waypoints/Route Plan Message Requirements

1.7.3.1

IFM 18 (Advice of VTS Waypoints/Route Plan Message) is used by a VTS center to advise ships of the waypoints and route plans used in that particular VTS area.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 3.3.3

1.7.3.2

When transmitting the Advice of VTS Waypoints/Route Plan Message, the VTS center can include up to 12 Advised Waypoints, if available, and a route specified by textual description.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 3.4.4

1.7.3.3

If waypoints are transmitted in the Advice of VTS Waypoints/Route Plan Message, a recommended turning radius can be included for each waypoint.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 3.4.4

1.7.4

Description: Class B Message Requirements

1.7.4.1

The following messages or usage of messages are optional for Class B stations:

• Send and receive binary message,

• UTC and date inquiry and response,

• Send and receive safety-related messages, and

• Interrogate other vessels.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 3.4.2

Requirement Type: Operational and Organizational Requirements (Requirement No. 2.0)

2.1

Description: AIS Operational Requirements

2.1.1

AIS shall operate in autonomous and continuous modes.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 1.2.2

2.1.2

AIS shall provide information automatically and continuously without involvement of ship’s personnel.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 1.2.2

2.1.3

AIS should always be in operation.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.2.1

2.1.4

Whether the ship is at sea or in port, if the master believes that continued operation of AIS might compromise the ship’s safety or security, the AIS may be switched off.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.2.1

2.1.5

If the AIS is switched off, the equipment should be reactivated as soon as the source of the danger has disappeared.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.2.1

2.1.6

It may be necessary to switch off the AIS or to reduce the transmission power during some cargo-handling operations.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.2.1

2.1.7

If the AIS is shut down, static data and voyage-related information remain stored.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.2.1

2.1.8

If no sensor is installed or if the sensor (e.g., the gyro) fails to provide data, the AIS automatically transmits the “not available” data value.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.2.1

2.2

Description: Security Requirements

2.3

Description: Privacy Requirements

Requirement Type: Technical Display Requirements (Requirement No. 3.0)

Requirement Type: Display Format Requirements (Requirement No. 4.0)

4.1

Description: Visual Presentation Requirements–Class A

4.1.1

If AIS information is made available for graphical display, at least the following information shall be provided: vessel position, course over ground, speed over ground, heading, and rate of turn (or direction of turn).

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.1.1; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.7

4.1.3

If AIS information is graphically presented on a radar display, radar signals should not be masked, obscured, or degraded.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.1.2; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.7.1

4.1.4

Whenever graphical display of AIS information is enabled, the graphical properties of other target vectors should be equivalent to those of the AIS target symbols.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.1.3; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.7.2

4.1.5

Whenever graphical display of AIS targets is enabled, the type of vector presentation (radar plotting symbols or AIS symbols) may be selectable by the operator.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.7.2

4.1.6

Whenever graphical display of AIS targets is enabled, the active display mode should be indicated.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.7.2

4.1.7

A common reference should be used for superimposition of AIS symbols with other information on the same display.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.1.6; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.7.5

4.1.8

A common reference should be used for the calculation of target properties (i.e., TCPA, CPA).

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.16; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.7.5

4.1.9

Indication should be given if own AIS is out of service or switched off.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.2.7; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.8.7

4.1.10

Greater functionality will be provided by a more capable display, but selection of the type of display is dependent on the user requirement and options offered by manufacturers.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 2.3

4.1.11

The danger of overloading the screen would need to be considered.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 2.3

4.1.13

IFM 18 (Advice of VTS Waypoints/Route Plan Message) is used by a VTS center to advise ships of the waypoints and route plans used in that particular VTS area.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 3.4.4

4.1.14

In order to avoid a situation whereby AIS-fitted vessels incorrectly believe that a VTS authority is receiving data being transmitted via the AIS, all VTS authorities will need to publish by appropriate means their status in respect of AIS.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 8.8

4.1.15

Where possible, the date on which a VTS authority intends to incorporate AIS should be promulgated well in advance.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 8.8

4.2

Description: Visual Presentation Requirements—Class A Derivatives

4.2.1

There is no mandatory requirement for Class A derivative stations to carry the same presentation interfaces as Class A stations.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 12.6

4.2.2

The position information for Class A derivative stations may be derived from the internal (D)GNSS receiver. In this case, the position information may be displayed and used outside the AIS station for external applications.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 12.6

4.3

Description: Visual Presentation Requirements—Class B

4.3.1

There may be other equipment on board non-SOLAS vessels with interfaces that are noncompliant with IEC 61162-1 standard (ie., RS-232).

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 12.6

4.4

Description: Display Option Requirements

4.4.1

The operator may choose to display all or any AIS targets for graphical presentation.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.1.9

4.4.2

When operators choose to display all or any AIS targets for graphical presentation, the mode of presentation should be indicated.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.1.9; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.7.8

4.4.4

If the display of AIS symbols is enabled, removing a dangerous target should only be possible temporarily as long as the operator activates the corresponding control.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.1.10; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.7.9

4.4.5

The AIS symbol for an activated target may be replaced by a scaled ship symbol on a large-scale/small-range display.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.1.11; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.7.10

4.4.6

If the COG/SOG vector is shown, the reference point should be either the actual or the virtual position of the antenna.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.1.12; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.7.11

4.4.7

Means should be provided to select a target or own ship for the display of its AIS information on request.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.1.13; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.7.12

4.4.8

If more than one target is selected, the relevant symbols, corresponding data, and source of the data (e.g., AIS, radar) should be clearly identified.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.1.13; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.7.12

4.4.9

If zones or limits for automatic target acquisition are set, they should be the same for automatically activating and presenting any targets, regardless of their source.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.2.1; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.8.1

4.4.10

The vector time set should be adjustable and valid for presentation of any target regardless of its source.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.2.2; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.8.2

4.4.12

If the calculated CPA and TCPA values of an AIS target are less than the set limits, a dangerous target symbol should be displayed.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.2.4; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.8.4

4.4.13

The preset CPA/TCPA limits applied to target data derived from different sensors should be identical.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.2.4; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.8.4

4.4.14

Means to recover the data for a number of last acknowledged lost targets may be provided.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.2.4; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.8.5

4.4.15

Preferably, the ability to recover data for targets may be applied to any AIS target within a certain distance.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.2.5; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.8.5

4.4.16

An automatic display selection function may be provided to avoid the presentation of two target symbols for the same physical target.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.2.5; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.8.6

4.4.17

The operator should have the option to make reasonable changes to the default parameters of automatic selection criteria.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.2.6

4.4.18

Means should be provided to display alarm messages from own AIS.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.2.6

4.5

Description: Symbology Requirements

4.5.1

If AIS information is graphically presented, the symbols described in the Appendix to SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001 (repeated in IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, Appendix 4-1) should be applied.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.2.7

4.5.3

If the calculated CPA and TCPA values of an AIS target are less than the set limits, a dangerous target symbol should be displayed.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.1.3

4.5.4

If the signal of a dangerous AIS target is not received for a set time, a lost target signal should appear at the latest position.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.2.4; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.8.5

4.5.5

The lost target symbol should disappear after the generated alarm has been acknowledged.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.2.5; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.8.5

4.6

Description: Display Synchronization Requirements

4.6.1

If AIS information is graphically displayed on a radar, the equipment should be capable of appropriately stabilizing the radar image and the AIS information.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.2.5

4.7

Description: Presentation Priority Requirements

4.7.1

The presentation of AIS target symbols, except for sleeping or lost targets, should have priority over other target presentations within the display area.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 2.3

4.7.2

If an AIS target is marked for data display, the existence of the other source of target data may be indicated.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.1.4; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.7.3

4.7.3

An automatic display selection function may be provided to avoid the presentation of two target symbols for the same physical target.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.8.6

4.7.4

The operator should have the option to make reasonable changes to the default parameters of the automatic selection criteria.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.8.6

4.7.6

If targeted data from AIS and from radar plotting functions are available and the automatic selection criteria are not fulfilled, the respective symbols should be displayed separately.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.2.6; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.8.6

4.8

Description: Alarm Requirements

4.8.1

If the calculated CPA and TCPA values of an AIS target are less than the set limits, an alarm should be given.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.1.5; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.7.4

4.8.2

If the signal of a dangerous AIS target is not received for a set time, an alarm should be given.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.2.4; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.8.5

4.8.3

Means should be provided to acknowledge alarm messages from own AIS.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.2.5; IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.8.7

Requirement Type: Physical Layout Requirements (Requirement No. 5.0)

5.1

Description: Display Integration Requirements—Class A

5.1.1

AIS should be integrated to one of the existing graphical displays on the bridge or a dedicated graphical display.

IMO SN/Circ 217, July 11, 2001, 2.2.7

5.1.2

Ideally, AIS would be displayed on the ship’s radar, electronic chart display and information system, or a dedicated display. This would provide the greatest benefit to the mariner.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 2.3

5.1.3

AIS has the facility to send its information to an external display medium such as radar, electronic chart display and information system, or an integrated navigation system.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 2.3

5.1.5

Options for AIS may include connection to external GNSS/DGNSS equipment and sources of navigational information from ship’s equipment.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 2.4

5.1.6

The shipboard AIS is connected to a power source, an antenna, and a variety of shipboard equipment, or to the integrated navigation system.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 4.1

5.2

Description: Display Integration Requirements—Class A Derivatives

5.2.1

A pilot workstation combined with portable AIS is used primarily to provide marine pilots with the capability to carry on board an AIS station when piloting vessels not fitted with AIS. Such a pilot pack contains GNSS/DGNSS, AIS, (optional) heading sensor, and a workstation.

IALA AIS Guidelines, Oct. 31, 2001, 7.5

5.3

Description: Display Lighting Requirements

5.4

Description: Display and Control Surface Requirements

5.5

Description: Sound and Noise Requirements

5.6

Description: Thermal Condition Requirements