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Improving Undergraduate Instruction in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics: Report of a Workshop (2003)
Center for Education (CFE)

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BOX A-1 Principles of Effective Teaching

  • Teaching Should Be Consistent with the Nature of Scientific Inquiry:

    Start with questions about nature; Engage students actively; Concentrate on the collection and use of evidence; Provide historical perspectives; Insist on clear expression; Use a team approach; Do not separate knowing from finding out; Deemphasize the memorization of technical vocabulary.

  • Teaching Should Reflect Scientific Values:

    Welcome curiosity; Reward creativity; Encourage a spirit of healthy questioning; Avoid dogmatism; Promote aesthetic responses.

  • Teaching Should Aim to Counteract Learning Anxieties:

    Build on success; Provide abundant experience in using tools; Support the role of girls and minorities in science; Emphasize group learning.

  • Science Teaching Should Extend Beyond the School.

  • Teaching Should Take Its Time.

SOURCE: AAAS (1989, pp. 200–207). Reprinted with permission of Oxford University Press.

Introduction to Physical Geology, Fundamentals of Physical Science, Theory of Elementary Mathematics, Patterns in Nature, The Living World, University Physics, and Methods of Teaching Biology. Evaluation has focused on two central questions: What effect, if any, have the summer workshops had on participant faculty’s use of reformed teaching methods? And what effect, if any, does the use of reformed methods have on student achievement? The following sections describe evaluation efforts in five courses and a brief evaluation of the teaching methods used by some recent graduates as they begin their elementary, middle, or high school teaching careers.

COMPARING REFORMED INSTRUCTION WITH STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT

Fundamentals of Physical Science (PHS 110) is an introductory course designed specifically for preservice elementary school teachers. A test of physics concepts, developed by course instructors and the ACEPT evaluation team, was administered to four experimental and two control PHS 110 sections at the beginning and again at the end of a recent semester. A member of the ACEPT Program at ASU (the principal investigator) taught one experimental section. Community college instructors who had participated

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