Abbreviations
ADOM
acid deposition modeling
AIRMoN
Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network
AIRS
Aerometric Information Retrieval System (EPA)
AQCR
air quality control region
AQM
air quality management
ARS
Agricultural Research Service (USDA)
ASPEN
Assessment System for Population Exposure Nationwide
ATS
Allowance Tracking System
BACT
best available control technology
BART
best available retrofit technology
BAT
best available technology
Btu
British thermal unit
CAA
Clean Air Act (1963)
CASAC
Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (of EPA)
CASTNet
Clean Air Status and Trends Network
CCRP
California Comparative Risk Project
CDC
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CEM
continuous emissions monitoring
CFCs
chlorofluorocarbons—compounds made up of chlorine, fluorine, and carbon
CFR
Code of Federal Regulations
CO
carbon monoxide
CO2
carbon dioxide
CPSC
Consumer Products Safety Commission
CTG
control technique guidelines
CTM
chemical transport model
3D
three-dimensional—three in space
4D
four-dimensional—three in space and one in time
DALYs
disability-adjusted life-years
DDT
dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
DOE
U.S. Department of Energy
ECO
employee commute options
EIIP
Emission Inventory Improvement Program
EKMA
empirical kinetic modeling approach
EPA
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
ERC
emission-reduction credit
FACE
free air CO2 enrichment
FEM
federal equivalent methods
FHWA
U.S. Federal Highway Administration
FIA/FHM
Forest Inventory and Analysis and Forest Health Monitoring Program
FIP
federal implementation plan
FRM
federal reference methods
FTIR
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
FTP
federal test procedure (for vehicle emissions)
G/bhp-hr
grams per brake horsepower hour
g/gal
grams per gallon
g/kWh
grams per kilowatt hour
GACT
generally available control technology
GAO
U.S. General Accounting Office
GC
gas chromatography
GPMN
Gaseous Pollutant Monitoring Network (NPS)
GPMP
Gaseous Pollutant Monitoring Program (NPS)
GPRA
Government Performance and Results Act (1993)
GVWR
gross vehicle weight rating (weight of vehicle plus rated cargo capacity)
H2S
hydrogen sulfide
HAP
hazardous air pollutant
HC
hydrocarbons
HCl
hydrogen chloride
HDV
heavy-duty vehicle
HEI
Health Effects Institute
HOV
high-occupancy vehicle
hp
horsepower
hr
hour
HUD
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
I/M
vehicle inspection and maintenance
IM240
vehicle emissions test using a dynamometer, which lasts for 240 seconds
IMPROVE
Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments
IRIS
Integrated Risk Information System
ISTEA
Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (1991)
IWG
International Working Group on Environmental Justice
kW
kilowatts
LAER
lowest achievable emissions rate
lb
pounds
LDT
light-duty truck
LDV
light-duty vehicle
LEV
low-emissions vehicle
LPG
liquified petroleum gas
LTER
long-term ecological research
LTM
long-term monitoring
MACT
maximum achievable control technology
MATES
multiple air toxics exposure study
MDN
Mercury Deposition Network
mg/m3
milligrams per cubic meter
μg/m3
micrograms per cubic meter
MOBILE
EPA’s computer program to estimate mobile-source emissions
MPO
Metropolitan Planning Organization
MSA
metropolitan statistical area
MTBE
methyl tert-butyl ether
NAA
nonattainment area
NAAQS
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
NADP
National Atmospheric Deposition Program
NAMS
national air monitoring stations
NAPAP
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
NATA
National Air Toxics Assessment
NCLAN
National Crop Loss Assessment Network
NCore
National Core Monitoring Network
NCS
National Children’s Study
NEJAC
National Environmental Justice Advisory Council
NEP
National Estuaries Program
NEPA
National Environmental Policy Act
NERRS
National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NOAA)
NESHAPs
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
NFS
National Forest System
NHANES
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
NHEXAS
National Human Exposure Assessment Survey
NLEV
national low-emission vehicle
NMHC
nonmethane hydrocarbons
NO
nitrogen oxide
NO2
nitrogen dioxide
NOx
oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO2)
NOAA
U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NONROAD
EPA’s computer program to estimate emissions from mobile sources not used on roads (for example, aircraft, trains, farm equipment)
NPS
U.S. National Park Service
NRC
National Research Council
NSPS
New Source Performance Standards
NSR
new-source review
NTN
National Trends Network
O2
diatomic oxygen
O3
ozone
OBD
on-board diagnostics (indicates when vehicles’ emission controls are not operating properly)
ODP
ozone-depleting potential
OH
hydroxyl radical
OSHA
U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OSTP
Office of Science and Technology Policy (White House)
OTAG
Ozone Transport Assessment Group
OTC
Ozone Transport Commission
OTR
Ozone Transport Region (the states from Maine to Virginia and Washington, DC)
PACE
Pollution Abatement Cost and Expenditures Survey
PAMS
photochemical assessment monitoring stations
Pb
lead
PBDEs
polybrominated diphenyl ethers
PCBs
polychlorinated biphenyls
PEM
parametric emissions monitoring
PHS
U.S. Public Health Service
PM
particulate matter
PM2.5
particulate matter with aerodynamic equivalent diameters of 2.5 micrometers (μm) or less
PM10
particulate matter with aerodynamic equivalent diameters of 10 μm or less
ppbv
parts per billion by volume
ppm
parts per million
PSD
prevention of significant deterioration
psi
pounds per square inch
QA/QC
quality assurance/quality control
RACT
reasonably available control technology
RADM
regional acid deposition model
RECLAIM
Regional Clean Air Management Program
REHEX
regional human exposure model
RFG
reformulated gasoline
RHC
reactive hydrocarbons
ROG
reactive organic gas
RVP
Reid vapor pressure (the vapor pressure of a petroleum product at 100°F)
SCAQMD
South Coast Air Quality Management District
SCR
selective catalytic reduction
SFTP
supplemental federal test procedure (for vehicle emissions)
SHED
sealed housing evaporative determination
SIP
state implementation plan
SLAMS
state and local air monitoring stations
SO2
sulfur dioxide
SOM
soil organic matter
STAPPA-ALAPCO
State and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators and Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officials
SUV
sport utility vehicle
TCM
transportation control measure
TCP
transportation control plan
TEA-21
Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century
TIME
temporally integrated monitoring of ecosystems
TIP
tribal implementation plan
TRI
toxic release inventory
UAM
urban airshed model
ULEV
ultra-low-emissions vehicle
USC
U.S. Code
USDA
U.S. Department of Agriculture
USGS
U.S. Geological Survey
VMT
vehicle miles traveled
VOC
volatile organic compound
vol
volume
WEPCO
Wisconsin Electric Power Company
WRAP
Western Regional Air Partnership
wt
weight
ZEV
zero-emission vehicle