2. Will depend on whether pair (1 female to 1 male), trio (2 female to 1 male) or harem mating is used.

3. N equals number of pseudopregnant females to receive manipulated embryos. Estimate as follows:

   

   number of viable embryos = number of blastocysts injected × expected % of blastocysts viable after injection

4. N equals estimated ratio of nontransgenic to transgenic animals to be weaned from original number of blastocysts. Estimate as follows:

   

5. N equals number of animals to be mated to transgenic animals. Estimate as follows:

   N = desired number of transgenic founder × number of animals to be mated to each transgenic animal to reach breeding age

   The desired number of potential founders may be predetermined by the investigator. A common number is 6-10 potential founders for a single cDNA construct.

6. N equals number of offspring to be genotyped. Estimate as follows:

   N = number of offspring per transgenic animal × expected number of transgenic animals actually bred

Beamer, W. “Use of Mutant Mice in Biological research.” 12/8/89, SCAW Conference: Guidelines for the Well-being of Rodents in Research, Proceedings edited by H. Guttman.

Gordon, J.W.. 1990. Transgenic animals. Lab Animal 19(3):27-30.

Hogan, B, F Constantini and L Lacey. 1986. Manipulating the Mouse Embryo: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Springs Harbor Laboratory Press. Cold Springs Harbor, NY.

Kovacs, M.S., L Lowe and M.R. Kuehn. 1993. Use of superovulated mice as embryo donors for ES cell injected chimeras . Lab Anim Sci 43:91-93

Mobraaten, L.E.. 1981. The Jackson Laboratory Genetics Stocks Resource Repository. In Frozen Storage of Laboratory Animals. Zeilmaker, GD (ed). Gustav, Fisher, Verlag. New York. Pp. 165-1177.

Wilson E.D., and M.X. Zarrow. 1962. Comparison of superovulation in the immature mouse and rat. J Reprod. Fert. 3:148-158.

Zarrow, M.Z. and E.D. Wilson. 1961. The influence of age on superovulation in the immature rat and mouse. Endocrinology. 69:851-855.