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An Assessment of the
ational Institute of Standards
and Technology
easurement and Standards
Laboratories
F I S C A L Y E A R
2 0 0 3
Board on Assessment of NIST Proorams
Division on Engineering and PhysicarSciences
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS · 500 Fifth Street, N.W. · Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the
National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of
Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the
board and panels responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard
for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by Contract No. SB1341-02-C-0004 between the National Academy of
Sciences and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, an agency of the U.S. Department of
Commerce. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are
those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the agency that provided support for the
project.
Additional copies of this report are available from:
Board on Assessment of NIST Programs
National Research Council
500 Fifth Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20001
Internet, http://www.nap.edu
Copyright 2003 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advisers to the Nation on Stienre, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished
scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and
technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the
Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on
scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National
Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its
administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the
responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors
engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recog-
nizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy
of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the
services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining
to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of
Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own
initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is
president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to
associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering
knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies
determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National
Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the govern-
ment, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly
by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair
and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
www. nationa l-acac~emies.org
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BOARD ON ASSESSMENT OF NIST PROGRAMS
LINDA CAPUANO, Honeywell, Chair
DAVID C. BONNER, Cabot Corporation
HERWIG KOGELNIK, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies
MARK B. MYERS, Consultant, Unionville, Pennsylvania
THOMAS A. SAPONAS, Agilent Technologies
EUGENE SEVIN, Consultant, Hillcrest, Ohio
Ex Officio Members
ROBERT A. ALTENKIRCH, New Jersey Institute of Technology
ROBERT L. BYER, Stanford University
ALAN CAMPION, University of Texas, Austin
CONSTANCE J. CHANG-HASNAIN, University of California, Berkeley
ROSS B. COROTIS, University of Colorado at Boulder
RICHARD A. CURLESS, UNOVA Manufacturing Technologies
MARVIN F. DeVRIES, University of Wisconsin at Madison
ROBERT R. DOERING, Texas Instruments
ALBERT M. ERISMAN, Institute for Business, Technology, and Ethics
KATHARINE G. FRASE, IBM Microelectronics Division
C. WILLIAM GEAR, NEC Research Institute, Inc.
DAVID W. JOHNSON, JR., Agere Systems (retired)
DUNCAN T. MOORE, University of Rochester
JAMES W. SERUM, SciTek Ventures
Board Stay
SCOTT T. WEIDMAN, Director (until May 19, 2003)
JAMES P. McGEE, Director (as of May 19, 2003)
PATRICIA P. PAULETTE, Senior Program Officer
BARBARA JONES, Administrative Assistant
v
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Acknowledgment of Reviewers
This report has been reviewed by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical
expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council's Report Review
Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will
assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report
meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The
review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative
process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report:
Marylyn Hoy Bennett, International SEMATECH,
William B. Bridges, California Institute of Technology (Emeritus),
Francois J. Castaing, Castaing & Associates,
Gregory R. Choppin, Florida State University,
Paul M. DeLuca, Jr., University of Wisconsin,
William F. Eddy, Carnegie Mellon University,
Gerard M. Faeth, University of Michigan,
Placid M. Ferreira, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,
Arlene A. Garrison, University of Tennessee,
Walter W. Henslee, The Dow Chemical Company,
James E. McGrath, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,
Gary J. Minden, University of Kansas,
John F. O'Hanlon, University of Arizona,
Kozo Saito, University of Kentucky, and
Julia R. Weertman, Northwestern University.
Although the individuals listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions,
they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of
. .
via
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. . .
vile
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE NIST MEASUREMENT AND STANDARDS LABORATORIES: FY 2003
the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Norman Hackerman, of the
Robert A. Welch Foundation. Appointed by the National Research Council, he was responsible for
making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with
institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the
final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring board and the institution.
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Contcuts
Part I
Overall Assessment
SYNOPSIS OF THE 2003 ASSESSMENT
THE ST^TE OF THE L^BOR^TORIES
Part II
Summary Assessments of the Ind1~1dus1 Lsborstor1es
2 ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRIC^L ENGINEERING L^BOR^TORY
H^NuF^CTuRING ENGINEERING L^BOR^TORY
4 CHEMICAL SCONCE AND TECHNOLOGY L^BOR^TORY
PHYSICS L^BOR^TORY
MATERIALS SCONCE ANY ENGINEERING L^BOR^TORY
BUILDING AND nRE RESEARCH L^BOR^TORY
8 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY L^BOR^TORY
1~
3
15
25
35
43
~3
~1
71
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x
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE NIST MEASUREMENT AND STANDARDS LABORATORIES: FY 2003
Part III
Division-Level Reviews
9 ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY:
DIVISION REVIEWS
Electricity Division, 87
Semiconductor Electronics Division, 96
Radio-Frequency Technology Division, 104
Electromagnetic Technology Division, 110
Optoelectronics Division, 115
Magnetic Technology Division, 120
10 MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING LABORATORY: DIVISION REVIEWS
Precision Engineering Division, 127
Manufacturing Metrology Division, 132
Intelligent Systems Division, 136
Manufacturing Systems Integration Division, 139
11 CHEMICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY
DIVISION REVIEWS
Biotechnology Division, 143
Process Measurements Division, 147
Surface and Microanalysis Science Division, 153
Physical and Chemical Properties Division, 157
Analytical Chemistry Division, 164
12 PHYSICS LABORATORY: DIVISION REVIEWS
Electron and Optical Physics Division, 175
Atomic Physics Division, 178
Optical Technology Division, 183
Ionizing Radiation Division, 188
Time and Frequency Division, 197
Quantum Physics Division, 201
.
13 MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LABORATORY
DIVISION REVIEWS
Ceramics Division, 207
Materials Reliability Division, 211
Metallurgy Division, 215
Polymers Division, 218
Review of the NIST Center for Neutron Research, 222
14 BUILDING AND FIRE RESEARCH LABORATORY: DIVISION REVIEWS
Materials and Construction Research Division, 235
Building Environment Division, 241
Fire Research Division, 249
87
127
143
175
207
235
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CONTENTS
Office of Applied Economics, 252
Codes and Standards Activities, 255
15 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY: DIVISION REVIEWS
Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division, 257
Advanced Networking Technologies Division, 260
Computer Security Division, 263
Information Access Division, 267
Software Diagnostics and Conformance Testing Division, 271
Statistical Engineering Division, 273
Convergent Information Systems Division, 276
APPENDIXES
A Charge to the Board and Panels
B Agendas for Meetings of the Board on Assessment of NIST Programs
C Functions of NIST
D NIST Organization
E Acronyms and Abbreviations
Biographies of Board Members
x~
257
281
285
289
291
295
303
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