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MONITORING INTERNATIONAL
LABOR STANDARDS
HUI~VIAN CAPITAL
INVESTI~VIENT
Summary of a Workshop
Monica Ulewicz, Editor
Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education
Policy and Global Affairs Division
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
OF DIE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www.nap.edu
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing
Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils
of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the
Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were
chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by Contract/Grant No. DOL-4653 between the National
Academy of Sciences and U.S. Department of Labor. Any opinions, findings, conclu-
sions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do
not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of Labor.
International Standard Book Number 0-309-09059-8 (Book)
International Standard Book Number 0-309-52711-2 (PDF)
Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500
Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202)
334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.edu
Printed in the United States of America
Copyright 2003 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Cover photo credits: The four cover photos are courtesy of the International Labour
Organization, with individual credit as follows: upper left corner, P. DeLoche; upper
right corner, A. Khemka; the two remaining photos left mid-page and bottom left, ).
Maillard.
Suggested citation: National Research Council. (2003~. Monitoring International Labor
Standards: Human Capital Investment Summary of a Workshop. Monica Ulewicz, edi-
tor. Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education and Policy and Global
Affairs Division. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advisers to the Nation on Stienre, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distin-
guished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of
science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter
granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the
federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the
National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the Na-
tional Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous
in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of
Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engi-
neering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages educa-
tion and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is
president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure
the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters
pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given tO the
National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal govern-
ment and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr.
Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to
associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of further-
ing knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general poli-
cies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both
the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services
to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is
administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and
Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
www.national-academies.org
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Acknowledgments
This workshop summary has been reviewed in draft form by individu-
als chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accor-
dance with procedures approved by the Report Review Committee of the
National Research Council. The purpose of this independent review is to
provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in mak-
ing its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report
meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness
to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confi-
dential to protect the integrity of the process.
We thank the following individuals for their review of this report:
Sarah Bachman, Santa Clara University, CA; Maria Beatriz Orlando, Cen-
ter for Global Development, Washington, DC; and Alberto Paloni, Uni-
versity of Glasgow, Scotland.
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive com-
ments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the
report nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The
review of this report was overseen by Burt Barnow, Institute for Policy
Studies, Johns Hopkins University. Appointed by the National Research
Council, he was responsible for making certain that an independent exami-
nation of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional proce-
dures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsi-
bility for the final version of this report rests entirely with the author and
. · · .
tne institution.
I extend sincere gratitude to members of the Committee on Monitor-
v
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v'
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ing International Labor Standards and the National Research Council
project staff. Several members contributed invaluable advice and guidance
in the planning of this workshop: larl Bengtsson, Kimberly Elliott, Lisa
Lynch, Ted Moran, Mo Raj an, and Fahrettin Yagci. I extend special thanks
to Nevzer Stacey, study director, for her leadership and wisdom, and to
Linda DePugh, project assistant, for her tireless administrative and moral
support.
Monica Ulewicz, Editor
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Contents
List of Acronyms
1 Introduction
1X
2 Conceptualizing the Link Between
International Labor Standards and Human Capital 4
3 Human Capital Investments Related to Child Labor 11
4 Impacts of Education and Training on
Core Labor Standards Compliance
References
Appendixes
A The Committee on Monitoring International Labor
Standards (2002-2003) and National Research
Council Staff
B Workshop Agenda
C Workshop Attendees
D Invited Speakers' Biographical Information
v''
25
35
37
39
41
44
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LiSt of Acronyms
AED Academy for Educational Development
ARLAC African Regional Labour Administration Centre
CCT conditional cash transfer
CMILS Committee on Monitoring International Labor Standards
DOL U.S. Department of Labor
FTE full-time equivalent
GDP gross domestic product
GNP gross national product
ILO International Labour Organization
local currency units
NFE
NGO
NRC
OECD
nonformal education
nongovernment organization
National Research Council
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Six
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x
TUAC
UNDP
USAID
WISE
WRAP
LIST OF A CRONYMS
Programa de Erradicacao do Trabalho Infantil
Trade Union Advisory Committee
United Nations Development Programme
U.S. Agency for International Development
Work Improvements in Small Enterprise
Worldwide Responsible Apparel Production
