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The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. presents a case for making these changes despite the many difficulties facing HCOs, policy makers, and other components of the health care system. It asserts the committee’s position that it is not just necessary, but also possible, to transform the work environment of today’s nurses. It further provides evidence that in addition to benefiting patients, such changes will benefit nurses, other health care workers, and the organizations in which they practice. REFERENCESAHA (American Hospital Association). 2002. Hospital Statistics 2002. Chicago, IL: Health Forum LLC, an affiliate of AHA. AHCA (American Health Care Association). 2002. Results of the 2001 AHCA Nursing Position Vacancy and Turnover Survey. Washington, DC: AHCA. Aiken L, Sochalski J, Anderson G. 1996. Downsizing the hospital nursing workforce. Health Affairs 15(4):88–92. Aiken L, Clarke S, Sloane D. 2000. Hospital restructuring: Does it adversely affect care and outcomes? Journal of Nursing Administration 20(10):457–465. Aiken L, Clarke S, Sloane D, Sochalski J, Busse R, Clarke H, Giovannetti P, Hunt J, Rafferty A, Shamian J. 2001a. Nurses’ reports on hospital care in five countries. Health Affairs 20(3):43–53. Aiken L, Clarke S, Sloane D, Sochalski J. 2001b. An international perspective on hospital nurses’ work environments: The case for reform. Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice 2(4):255–263. Aiken L, Clarke S, Sloane D, Sochalski J, Silber J. 2002. Hospital nurse staffing and patient mortality, nurse burnout, and job dissatisfaction. Journal of the American Medical Association 288:1987–1993. ANA (American Nurses Association). 1998. Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice. Washington, DC: ANA. Berens M. 2000 (September 10). Nursing Mistakes Kill, Injure Thousands. Chicago Tribune. News Section. P. 20. Berwick D. 2002. A user’s manual for the IOM’s “Quality Chasm” report. Health Affairs 21(3):80–90. Bingham R. 2002. Leaving nursing. Health Affairs 21(1):211–217. Blendon R, DesRoches C, Brodie M, Benson J, Rosen A, Schneider E, Altman D, Zapert K, Herrmann M, Steffenson A. 2002. Views of practicing physicians and the public on medical errors. The New England Journal of Medicine 347(24):1933–1940. Bowers B, Lauring C, Jacobson N. 2001. How nurses manage time and work in long term care facilities. Journal of Advanced Nursing 33:484–491. Bulechek G, McCloskey J, Titler M, Denehey J. 1994. Report on the NIC project: Nursing interventions used in practice. American Journal of Nursing 94(10):59–62, 64, 66. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor. Undated. 2001 National Occupational Employment Statistics. [Online]. Available: http://stats.bls.gov/oesdate [accessed December 13, 2002]. CMS (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services). 2002. Report to Congress: Appropriateness of Minimum Nurse Staffing Ratios in Nursing Homes—Phase II Final Report: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [Online]. Available: www.cms.gov/medicaid/reports/rp1201home.asp [accessed June 25, 2002].
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