KAREN E. NORBERG is assistant professor of psychiatry at Boston University and visiting research associate at the Center for Health Policy at Washington University in St. Louis. Her current research interests include economic and game theory models of parent-child interaction, social and economic factors affecting emotional and physical health of low income youth, adolescent suicide and self-injury, and social contagion. She is the principal investigator of a NIMH project to study social and economic factors in an adolescent suicide cluster. She has an M.D. from Harvard University (1978).

JOHN V. PEPPER (Study Director) is associate professor of economics at the University of Virginia. His current work reflects his wide range of interests in social program evaluation, applied econometrics, and public economics. He is an author of numerous published papers, conference presentations, and edited books. At the National Research Council, he has made important contributions to the work of panels of the Committee on Law and Justice, including reports on measurement problems in criminal justice research, policy on illegal drugs, and assessment of two cost-effectiveness studies on cocaine control policy. He has a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Wisconsin.

CAROL V. PETRIE is staff director of the Committee on Law and Justice at the National Research Council, a position she has held since 1997. Prior to her work there, she was the director of planning and management at the National Institute of Justice, responsible for policy development and administration. In 1994, she served as the acting director of the National Institute of Justice during the transition between the Bush and Clinton administrations. Throughout a 30-year career, she has worked in the area of criminal justice research, statistics, and public policy, serving as a project officer and in administration at the National Institute of Justice and at the Bureau of Justice Statistics. She has conducted research on violence, and managed numerous research projects on the development of criminal behavior, policy on illegal drugs, domestic violence, child abuse and neglect, transnational crime, and improving the operations of the criminal justice system. She has a B.S. in education from Kent State University.

PETER REUTER is professor in the School of Public Affairs and in the Department of Criminology at the University of Maryland. In July 1999 he became editor of the Journal of Policy Analysis and Management. He is currently also senior economist at RAND. He founded and directed RAND’s Drug Policy Research Center from 1989 to 1993. Since 1985 most of his research has dealt with alternative approaches to controlling drug problems, both in the United States and in western Europe. He has been a