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OCR for page 212
APPENDIX C
Commidee Biographies
Jerome F. Strauss III, M.D., Ph.D., is the Luigi Mastroianni, fr. Professor
and director of the Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's
Health at the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, and associate
chairman, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Dr. Strauss's labo-
ratory has three primary interests: (1) the regulation of steroid hormone
synthesis in ovary and placenta, (2) polycystic ovary syndrome, (3) the
biology of fetal membranes, and (4) the molecular basis of sperm motility.
Dr. Strauss is a member of the Institute of Medicine, the National Advi-
sory Child Health and Human Development Council, and is the current
president of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation. He also serves as
the U.S. chair of the Indo-U.S. Joint Working Group on Contraceptive
Development and Reproductive Health.
Lisa Brannon-Peppas, Ph.D., is a research professor in the Department of
Biomedical Engineering at the University of Texas, Austin. With degrees
in chemical engineering, her research efforts focus on finding ways to
expand the utility of biodegradable microparticles and nanoparticles to
more effectively treat and prevent disease through the targeted delivery
of drugs. Formerly, Dr. Brannon-Peppas was president and founder of
Biogel Technology, Inc. (Indianapolis, IN). The company, created in 1991,
was a research-driven enterprise that specialized in applying the tech-
nologies of polymer science to controlled delivery, separations, bio-
materials, bioadhesives, and other areas. The company was active in
research, development, and preparation of polymeric materials in biotech-
nology, bioengineering, medical sciences, and industrial pharmacy.
212
OCR for page 213
APPENDIX C
213
Robert E. Braun, Ph.D., is an associate professor in the Department of
Genome Sciences at the University of Washington, Seattle. His laboratory
studies a variety of topics related to mammalian germ cell differentiation.
One focus of his work is to understand the mechanism and the impor-
tance of posttranscriptional gene regulation in germ cells. A second
research interest is the mechanism of androgen regulation of mammalian
spermatogenesis. A third area of interest is the genetic control of germ
line stem cell self-renewal. Dr. Braun has served as a standing member on
the Reproductive Biology Study Section of the National Institutes of
Health (NIH) and an ad hoc member on several special study sections. He
organized the NIH Workshop on New Approaches to Male Contraception
as well as a Keystone Meeting on Germ Cell Differentiation and is cur-
rently on the editorial board of the Biology of Reproduction.
Marlene L. Cohen, Ph.D., is vice president of Creative Pharmacology
Solutions LLC. She is also adjunct professor of pharmacology at the
Indiana University School of Medicine. She recently retired as a Lilly
Research Fellow from the Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Com-
pany, where she worked for more than 25 years in drug development and
was involved in all stages of product development, from target validation
to clinical testing. Her work at Lilly covered a broad array of targets,
including anxiety, depression, migraines, and obesity. She holds more
than 25 patents and has published more than 200 publications in peer-
reviewed journals while at Lilly.
Vanessa E. Cullins, M.D., M.P.H., M.B.A., is vice president for medical
affairs, Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc. (PPFA), New
York, NY. In this capacity, she oversees clinical services, clinical business
development, the PPFA Nurse Practitioners Program in Women's Health,
the newly established PPFA Multi-Center Trial Network, and Affiliate
Evaluation Department. Her administrative interests center around im-
proving the quality of reproductive health service delivery through data
analysis, interdisciplinary problem identification, problem solving, project
planning, and project implementation. She currently serves on the New
York State Department of Health Committee for the Care of Women with
HIV Infection and is a member of the boards of directors of the
Contraception Foundation and the Association of Reproductive Health
Professionals.
Jacqueline E. Darroch, Ph.D., is senior vice president and vice president
for science at The Alan Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY. She has
expertise in demography and sociology, with a specialization in repro-
OCR for page 214
214
NEW FRONTIERS IN CONTRACEPTIVE RESEARCH
ductive health behavior. She has a long-standing interest in sexual and
reproductive health and rights, especially in relation to public policy and
public education, including topics such as family planning, contraception,
sexually transmitted diseases, and maternal health. She has also studied
contraceptive service delivery and financing and method use effectiveness.
Mahmoud Fathalla, M.D., is the professor of obstetrics and gynecology
and former dean of the Medical School at Assiut University, Egypt, and is
current chairman of the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Advi-
sory Committee on Health Research. Former positions include director of
the United Nations Development Program/United Nations Population
Fund/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development
and Research Training in Human Reproduction; senior adviser, Bio-
medical and Reproductive Health Research, the Rockefeller Foundation;
president of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics;
and chairman of the International Medical Advisory Panel of the Inter-
national Planned Parenthood Federation.
Linda C. Giudice, M.D., Ph.D., is the Stanley McCormick Memorial
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, chief of Reproductive Endocri-
nology and Infertility, and director of Women's Health at Stanford at the
Stanford University Medical Center. Her scientific and clinical interests
focus on women's reproductive health, with a major interest in disorders
of ovulation, infertility, endometriosis, embryo implantation, in vitro
fertilization, contraception, endometrial biology, and stem cell research.
She is currently coordinating a collaborative National Institutes of Health
consortium for the genome-wide investigation of gene expression in the
human endometrium relative to fertility and endometriosis.
Anna Glasier, M.D., is the director, Family Planning & Well Women
Services, Lothian Primary Care National Health Service Trust, Edinburgh,
Scotland. She is also senior lecturer, University of Edinburgh Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Her clinical research has focused on hor-
monal interventions for contraception, with a particular focus on emer-
gency contraception. She has served on many committees of the World
Health Organization that deal with contraception and family planning.
Noted publications include Contraception Past and Future, which was
published in Nature Medicine in 2002.
Michael Harper, Ph.D., Sc.D, M.B.A., is professor of obstetrics and gyne-
cology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, director of the Consortium for
Individual Collaboration in Contraceptive Research, and director of the
Global Microbicide Project of CONRAD. CONRAD seeks to develop
OCR for page 215
APPENDIX C
215
better, safer, and more acceptable methods of fertility regulation, with an
emphasis on suitability for use in developing countries. Priority is given
to moving promising lead compounds through phase I and II clinical
trials. Dr. Harper's previous experience as technical officer at ICI Pharma-
ceuticals involved research on antihormonal agents for contraception and
cancer therapy and the discovery of tamoxifen. Dr. Harper worked for the
World Health Organization/Reproductive Health and Research program
from 1972 to 1975 and has consulted for the World Health Organization,
the U.S. Agency for International Development, the National Institute of
Child Health and Human Development, the National Science Founda-
tion, and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.
Gregory S. Kopf, Ph.D., is the assistant vice president for contraception,
Women's Health Research Institute at Wyeth Research in Collegeville, PA,
and adjunct professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of
Pennsylvania School of Medicine. His academic research interests focused
on signal transduction in gamete activation, fertilization, and preimplan-
tation embryo development. At Wyeth, his group is mining genomic da-
tabases in search of potential novel targets for contraception and is also
working with a number of academic scientists who are using new tech-
nologies to identify potential targets.
Martin M. Matzuk, M.D., Ph.D., is the Stuart A. Wallace Chair and pro-
fessor of the Departments of Pathology, Molecular and Cellular Biology,
and Molecular and Human Genetics at Baylor College of Medicine. His
research focuses on generating and studying transgenic mice with im-
paired fertility and ovarian and testicular cancer with the goal of identify-
ing and characterizing novel genes and pathways that are critical for
reproduction and that thus represent targets for contraception in humans.
He has received multiple honors, including awards from the Endocrine
Society, the Society for the Study of Reproduction, and the American
Society for Investigative Pathology. In 2001, he received a prestigious
MERIT Award from the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Matzuk has
published more than 160 papers and holds several patents for modified
forms of reproduction-related hormones and transgenic models.
Ruth Merkatz, R.N., Ph.D., is Director, Team Leader for Women's Health,
including the contraceptive product line, at Pfizer Inc. Previously, she
was the first director of the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) Of-
fice of Women's Health, where she worked on regulation of breast im-
plants, contraceptives, and other issues of particular importance to
women, such as breast cancer, sexually transmitted diseases, and os-
teoporosis. She took the lead with FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and
OCR for page 216
216
NEW FRONTIERS IN CONTRACEPTIVE RESEARCH
Research to change FDA policy to allow women of childbearing potential
to participate in early-phase drug trials and to ensure sex and gender
analyses as part of drug development. Before joining FDA, Dr. Merkatz
served as assistant director of nursing and director of Clinical Programs
for Women and Children at the lack D. Weller Hospital of the Albert
Einstein College of Medicine (AECOM), Montefiore Medical Center. She
holds an appointment as associate clinical professor of obstetrics, gyne-
cology, and women's health at AECOM.
Nancy Padian, M.P.H., Ph.D., is professor of obstetrics, gynecology, and
reproductive sciences at the University of California, San Francisco
(UCSF), and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at UCSF
and at the School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley. She
is director of the UCSF Women's Global Health Institute and of inter-
national research at the UCSF AIDS Research Institute, as well as co-
director of the Center for Reproductive Health Research and Policy. She
also served as vice chair of the University of California Task Force on
AIDS. Padian has served as principal investigator on numerous federally
and privately funded research projects with high-risk populations. Her
domestic research currently addresses adolescent reproductive health
among teenagers in immigrant and minority communities. The major
objective of her international research program is to reduce the risk of
HIV infection among young women primarily through the use of female-
controlled methods of prevention, such as microbicides or barrier contra-
ceptives, and through the development of programs that foster economic
independence and thus reduce reliance on male sexual partners. In col-
laboration with colleagues at the University of Zimbabwe (UZ) 8 years
ago, she founded the UZ-UCSF Collaborative Research Program in
Women's Health located in Zimbabwe, where she currently has eight
research projects, and more recently she was awarded two grants on HIV
prevention among women in India and one grant on HIV prevention
among women in Mexico. Dr. Padian is a frequent participant in annual
National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of AIDS Research planning
workshops and in 2003 was asked to chair the workshop on international
research. She sits on the NIH AIDS Epidemiology Study Section and is an
elected member to the American Epidemiology Society.
Regine L. Sitruk-Ware, M.D., is a reproductive endocrinologist and holds
the position of executive director of product research and development at
the Population Council's Center of Biomedical Research. She organizes
preclinical research and clinical development of new molecules designed
for reproductive health care in men and women suitable for use in devel-
oping countries. She is a program director for a cooperative contraceptive
OCR for page 217
APPENDIX C
217
research center of the NICHD. Prior to joining the Council, Sitruk-Ware
had successively an academic career and then a career in industry in
research and development. She taught and conducted clinical research in
reproductive endocrinology at the University of Paris for 10 years. She
was a member of the International Committee for Contraceptive Research,
which was established by the Population Council in 1970. She is a member
of several national and international medical societies. Sitruk-Ware has
written eight books and over 200 articles and reviews, mostly dealing with
women's health care issues. She served as adviser on several ad hoc com-
mittees of the World Health Organization and the National Institutes of
Health. She received her medical doctorate at the University of Paris and
is currently an adjunct professor at Rockefeller University.
OCR for page 218
218
NEW FRONTIERS IN CONTRACEPTIVE RESEARCH
Antisense RNA A complementary strand of RNA that blocks the tran-
scription of a naturally occurring (sense) messenger RNA molecule
by binding to it.
Autocrine signaling Secretion of a substance, such as a growth factor,
that stimulates the secretory cell itself.
Azoospermia Absence of living sperm in semen.
Barrier method A contraceptive method that establishes a physical or
chemical barrier between the sperm and ovum, e.g., condom, dia-
phragm, foam, sponge, cervical cap. Some of the barrier contracep-
tives are used in conjunction with a spermicidal agent.
Bioavailability The degree to which a drug (or other substance) becomes
available to the target tissue after administration.
Biotechnology The collection of industrial processes that involve the use
of biological systems. For some industries, the processes involve the
use of genetically engineered organisms.
Capacitation A process that takes place in the female reproductive tract
by which sperm acquire the ability to fertilize an egg.
cDNA see Complementary DNA
cDNA subtraction hybridization methods A technique used to identify
genes expressed differentially between two tissue samples. A large
excess of mRNA from one sample is hybridized to cDNA from the
other, and the double-stranded hybrids are removed by physical
means. The remaining cDNAs are those that are not represented as
RNA in the first sample and, thus, that are presumably expressed
uniquely in the second sample. To improve specificity, the process is
often repeated several times.
Cervical cap Small latex or plastic cap that covers the cervix. Users of this
barrier method of birth control must spread spermicidal cream or jelly
inside the cap.
Cervix Literally, "neck"; the constricted part of an organ; the cervix of the
uterus is the lower and narrow end of the uterus that opens into the
vagina. For pregnancy to occur, sperm must pass through the cervix
into the uterus.
Chemotaxis The attraction or repulsion of a cell by a chemical gradient.
Chemotaxis affects the direction of motion only.
Chorionic gonadotropin A glycoprotein produced by the primate placenta
that plays a role in stimulating ovarian secretion of estrogen and
progesterone during the first trimester of pregnancy.
Clinical testing Trials to determine the safety and efficacy of a drug or
device in humans.
Complementary DNA (cDNA) DNA that is synthesized from a messen-
ger RNA template by the enzyme reverse transcriptase. The single-
stranded form of cDNA can be used as a probe to find a gene.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
contraceptive research
