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MONITORING INTERNATIONAL
LABOR STANDARDS
INTERNATIONAL
PERSPECT VIES
Summary of Regiona/ Forums
Crispin Rigby, Editor
Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Eclucation
Policy and Global Affairs Division
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
Of THE NATIONAL ACADEMifS
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www.nap.edu
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing
Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils
of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the
Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were
chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by Contract/Grant No. DOL-4653 between the National
Academy of Sciences and U.S. Department of Labor. Any opinions, findings, conclu-
sions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do
not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of Labor.
International Standard Book Number 0-309-09137-3 (Book)
International Standard Book Number 0-309-52986-7 (PDF)
Additional copies of this report are available from National Academies Press, 500 Fifth
Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-
3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://ww~v.nap.edu.
Printed in the United States of America
Copyright 2004 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Cover photo credits: The four cover photos are courtesy of the International Labour
Organization, with individual credit as follows: upper left corner, P. DeLoche; upper
right corner. A. Khemka: the two remaining photos- left mid-page and bottom left, T.
D ' ' ~ 1
Maillard.
Suggested citation: National Research Council. (2004~. Monitoring International Labor
Standards: International Perspectives, Summary of Regional Forums. Crispin Rigby, editor.
Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education and Policy and Global Affairs
Division. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMI
Advisers to the Notion on Science, Engineering, aniMedirine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of
distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the
furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the
authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a
mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical
matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Eng~neer~g was established in 1964, under the charter of
the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It
is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with
the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal govern-
ment. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed
at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the supe-
rior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy
of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sci-
ences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the ex-
amination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts
under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional
charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to
identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is presi-
dent of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences
in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's
purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in
accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become
the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the Na-
tional Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and
the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by
both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Wm. A.
Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
www.nationcil-academies.org
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Acknowledgments
This summary has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen
for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with
procedures approved by the Report Review Committee of the National
Research Council. The purpose of this independent review is to provide
candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its
published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets
institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the
charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to
protect the integrity of the process.
We thank the following individuals for their review of this report:
Ralph M. Doggett, Hagen Resources International, Geneva, Switzerland;
Howard T. Dooley, International Affairs, Western Michigan University,
Kalamazoo, MI; Sonali Gunasekera, Ethical Trading Initiative, Colombo,
Sri Lanka; Mark Hankin, Program Development, Solidarity Center, Wash-
ington, OC; and Donald Robbins, Universidad Javeriana, Colombia.
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive com-
ments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the
report nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The
review of this report was overseen by Burt Barnow, Institute for Policy
Studies, Johns Hopkins University. Appointed by the National Research
Council, he was responsible for making certain that an independent exami-
nation of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional proce-
dures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibil-
ity for the final version of this report rests entirely with the author and the
. . ~
Institution.
v
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Contents
List of#~nyms
1 Introduction
The Intcrnadona1 About Organlzadon
gong Commend
Bade Melons
5 EM
5
15
~4
55
6 Nongo~rnment~ Onions and ^~demlcs 67
Open Forums
~pend~es
^ Forum genies
B Committee on ~onltorlng Internadona1 Labor
Standards ~002-2003) and Undone monarch
~ .. ~ ~
, .
a%
go
go
97
109
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LiSt of Acronyms
AFL-CIO American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial
Organizations
AGOA African Growth and Opportunity Act
APFOL All Pakistan Federation of Labour
AWARD Actual Wage Rates Database (South Africa)
BCEA Basic Conditions of Employment Act (South Africa)
BEPZA Bangladesh Export Processing Zones Authority
BFTU Botswana Fecleration of Trade Unions
BGMEA Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters
. . .
Assoclatlon
BOI Board of Investment (Sri Lanka)
CEACR Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions
and Recommendations (ILO)
CFA Committee on Freedom of Association (ILO)
CMILS Committee on Monitoring International Labor Standards
(NRC)
COVERCO Commission for the Verification of Corporate Codes of
Conduct
DOL U.S. Department of Labor
DOLE Department of Labor and Employment (Philippines)
fix
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x
ECC
EPZ
FSE
GSP
LIST OF ACRONYMS
Employment Conditions Commission (South Africa)
Economic Processing Zone/Export Processing Zone
Federation of Swaziland Employers
Generalized System of Preferences
HIV/AIDS human immunodef~ciency virus/acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome
ICEM International Federation of Chemical, Energy, Mine and
General Workers' Unions
ICFTU International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
ILA13 Bureau of International Labor Affairs (DOL)
ILO International Labour Organization
ILS international labor standards
IMP International Monetary Fund
IMSS Mexican Institute of Social Security
INEGI National Institute of Geography and Computer Sciences
(Mexico)
IPEC International Programme on the Elimination of Child
Labour (ILO)
ITGLWF International Textile, Garment and Leather Workers'
Federation
LCHR Lawyers Committee for Human Rights
LRS Labour Research Service (South Africa)
LSAS Labor Standards Advisory Service
MPHS Multipurpose Permanent Household Survey
NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement
NATURE National Association for Trade Union Research and
Education (Sri Laflka)
NEPAD New Partnership for Africa's Development
NGO nongovernmental organization
NRC National Research Council
NTUC Nepal Trade Union Congress
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LIST OF ACRONYMS
SAD C Southern African Development Community
SFTU Swaziland Federation of Trade Unions
SLASA Strengthening Labour Administration in Southern Africa
TBP Time-bound Programme (ILO)
UN United Nations
UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund
UNITE Union of Needletrades, Industrial and Textile Employees
WEBCOP Workers-Employers Bilateral Council of Pakistan
WRC Workers Rights Consortium
WTO World Trade Organization
WWC Workers' Welfare Committee (Bangladesh)
ZCTU Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions
X1
v
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