The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs

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Table of Contents
Front Matter R1-R16
Executive Summary 1-7
1. Introduction 8-10
2. A Framework for Thinking About the Hydrogen Economy 11-24
3. The Demand Side: Hydrogen End-Use Technologies 25-36
4. Transportation, Distribution, and Storage of Hydrogen 37-44
5. Supply Chains for Hydrogen and Estimated Costs of Hydrogen Supply 45-63
6. Implications of a Transitionto Hydrogen in Vehicles for the U.S. Energy System 64-83
7. Carbon Capture and Storage 84-90
8. Hydrogen Production Technologies 91-105
9. Crosscutting Issues 106-115
10. Major Messages of the Report 116-122
References 123-126
Appendix A: Biographies of Committee Members 127-132
Appendix B: Letter Report 133-136
Appendix C: DOE Hydrogen Program Budget 137-138
Appendix D: Presentations and Committee Meetings 139-140
Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses 141-193
Appendix F: U.S. Energy Systems 194-197
Appendix G: Hydrogen Production Technologies: Additional Discussion 198-239
Appendix H: Useful Conversions and Thermodynamic Properties 240-240

TABLE 5-2 Hydrogen Supply Chain Pathways Examined

Primary Energy Source

Scale

Natural Gas

Coal

Nuclear

Biomass

Grid-Based Electricity (from any source)

Wind

Photovoltaics

Central station

CN: CS NG-C

CN: CS Coal-C

FN: CS NG-F

FN: CS Coal-F

F: CS Nu-F

CY: CS NG-C-Seq

CY: CS Coal-C-Seq

FY: CS NG-F-Seq

FY: CS Coal-F-Seq

Midsize

CN: MS Bio-C

FN: MS Bio-F

CY: MS Bio-C-Seq

FY: MS Bio-F-Seq

Distributed

C: Dist NG-C

C: Dist Elec-C

C: Dist WT-Gr Elec-C

C: Dist PV-Gr Elec-C

F: Dist NG-F

F: Dist Elec-F

F: Dist WT-Gr Elec-F

F: Dist PV-Gr-Elec-F

NOTES: C= current technology; Y= sequestration (hydrocarbon feedstock in central station and midsize plants only); F= future technology; N= no sequestration. The abbreviations for the hydrogen supply chain pathways (e.g., CS NG-C) are from the detailed spreadsheets in Appendix E of this report.

Table of Contents

Front Matter R1-R16

Executive Summary 1-7

1. Introduction 8-10

2. A Framework for Thinking About the Hydrogen Economy 11-24

3. The Demand Side: Hydrogen End-Use Technologies 25-36

4. Transportation, Distribution, and Storage of Hydrogen 37-44

5. Supply Chains for Hydrogen and Estimated Costs of Hydrogen Supply 45-63

6. Implications of a Transitionto Hydrogen in Vehicles for the U.S. Energy System 64-83

7. Carbon Capture and Storage 84-90

8. Hydrogen Production Technologies 91-105

9. Crosscutting Issues 106-115

10. Major Messages of the Report 116-122

References 123-126

Appendix A: Biographies of Committee Members 127-132

Appendix B: Letter Report 133-136

Appendix C: DOE Hydrogen Program Budget 137-138

Appendix D: Presentations and Committee Meetings 139-140

Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses 141-193

Appendix F: U.S. Energy Systems 194-197

Appendix G: Hydrogen Production Technologies: Additional Discussion 198-239

Appendix H: Useful Conversions and Thermodynamic Properties 240-240