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Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate (2005)
Food and Nutrition Board (FNB)

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. "5 Potassium." Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2005.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate

TABLE 5-13 Studies and Case Reports of Adverse Effects Due to Chronic Intake of High Levels of Potassium

Case Report

Description of Patient

Haddad and Strong, 1975

39-yr-old woman, Lupus Erythematosus, w/chronic renal failure (creatinine clearance = 30 mL/min)

Snyder et al., 1975

75-yr-old woman, history of myocardial infarction, on a low sodium diet

Ray et al., 1999

67-yr-old man; hypertensive, previous coronary artery bypass surgery and left ventricular dysfunction

Ray et al., 1999

64-yr-old man; 24-yr history of diabetes mellitus and recent systolic hypertension, retinopathy, and renal impairment; on a low sodium diet

While an infant’s renal secreting capacity is initially less than adults, renal function rapidly reaches the normal adult level in early childhood, so little concern exists for consumption of high levels of potassium from foods. Because the renal secreting ability of normal infants is not fully developed, potassium intake should be limited to that contained in formula and complementary foods.

Pregnancy. Other than occasional gastrointestinal discomfort as noted above from the use of certain forms of supplemental potassium, adverse effects from high intakes of potassium have not been noted in apparently healthy individuals, which would include pregnant women who are not identified as having hypertension or preeclampsia. Therefore, a UL for potassium is not set for healthy women during normal pregnancy.

Lactation. As with other adults, there is little reason to restrict the potassium intake of healthy lactating women due solely to lac-

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252
Front Matter (R1-R20)
Summary (1-20)
1 Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes (21-36)
2 Overview and Methods (37-49)
3 A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (50-72)
4 Water (73-185)
5 Potassium (186-268)
6 Sodium and Chloride (269-423)
7 Sulfate (424-448)
8 Applications of Dietary Reference Intakes for Electrolytes and Water (449-464)
9 A Research Agenda (465-470)
Appendix A: Glossary and Acronyms (471-476)
Appendix B: Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intakes (477-484)
Appendix C: Predictions of Daily Water and Sodium Requirements (485-493)
Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 (494-517)
Appendix E: U.S. Dietary Intake Data for Water and Weaning Foods from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals, 1994–1996, 1998 (518-526)
Appendix F: Canadian Dietary Intake Data for Adults from Ten Provinces, 1990–1997 (527-533)
Appendix G: U.S. Water Intake and Serum Osmolality Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 (534-536)
Appendix H: U.S. Total Water Intake Data by Frequency of Leisure Time Activity from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 (537-545)
Appendix I: Dose-Response Effects of Sodium Intake on Blood Pressure (546-557)
Appendix J: Serum Electrolyte Concentrations NHANES III, 1988-94 (558-563)
Appendix K: Options for Dealing with Uncertainties (564-568)
Appendix L: Acknowledgments (569-571)
Appendix M: Biographical Sketches of Panel Members (572-576)
Index (577-618)