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Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate (2005)

Chapter: Appendix J: Serum Electrolyte Concentrations NHANES III, 1988-94

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Serum Electrolyte Concentrations NHANES III, 1988-94." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×

J
U.S. Serum Electrolyte Concentration Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994

TABLE J-1 Mean and Selected Percentiles of Serum Potassium (mmol/L): United States, NHANES III, 1988–1994

Sex/Age Categorya

n

Mean

Percentile

1st

5th

10th

M, 14–18 y

1,196

4.18

3.82

3.92

3.97

Standard error

 

0.02

0.07

0.05

0.05

M, 19–50 y

4,277

4.08

3.63

3.76

3.83

Standard error

 

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.02

M, 51–70 y

1,953

4.11

3.43

3.65

3.76

Standard error

 

0.01

0.03

0.02

0.02

M, 71+ y

1,328

4.26

3.60

3.80

3.91

Standard error

 

0.02

0.04

0.03

0.02

F, 14–18 y

1,269

4.06

3.69

3.79

3.84

Standard error

 

0.02

0.04

0.03

0.03

F, 19–50 y

4,675

4.00

3.52

3.67

3.74

Standard error

 

0.01

0.03

0.02

0.02

F, 51–70 y

2,046

4.04

3.38

3.60

3.71

Standard error

 

0.01

0.03

0.03

0.02

F, 71+ y

1,489

4.11

3.34

3.58

3.70

Standard error

 

0.02

0.03

0.02

0.02

Pregnant

323

3.91

3.52

3.62

3.68

Standard error

 

0.02

0.18

0.14

0.11

Lactating

100

4.08

3.61

3.76

3.84

Standard error

 

0.05

0.37

0.25

0.19

a M = male, F = female (not pregnant and/or lactating).

NOTE: Data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method to provide estimates of usual serum potassium concentrations. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy or lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy or lactating status were excluded from the analysis.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Serum Electrolyte Concentrations NHANES III, 1988-94." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×

25th

50th

75th

90th

95th

99th

4.07

4.18

4.29

4.40

4.47

4.59

0.03

0.02

0.03

0.05

0.06

0.09

3.94

4.07

4.21

4.34

4.42

4.58

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.03

3.94

4.12

4.29

4.46

4.56

4.77

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

4.07

4.25

4.43

4.62

4.74

5.00

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.03

0.05

3.94

4.05

4.17

4.28

4.35

4.48

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.06

3.86

3.99

4.13

4.26

4.35

4.53

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.03

3.87

4.04

4.20

4.37

4.47

4.69

0.02

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.03

3.90

4.10

4.32

4.54

4.69

5.01

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.06

3.78

3.90

4.03

4.16

4.24

4.40

0.07

0.03

0.06

0.12

0.16

0.24

3.96

4.09

4.21

4.31

4.37

4.47

0.10

0.06

0.11

0.17

0.21

0.27

DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994.

SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics (2003).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Serum Electrolyte Concentrations NHANES III, 1988-94." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×

TABLE J-2 Mean and Selected Percentiles of Serum Sodium (mmol/L): United States, NHANES III, 1988–1994

Sex/Age Categorya

n

Mean

Percentile

1st

5th

10th

M, 14–18 y

1,196

141.4

138.6

139.5

139.9

Standard error

 

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.1

M, 19–50 y

4,277

141.7

138.7

139.7

140.1

Standard error

 

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.1

M, 51–70 y

1,953

141.5

137.9

139.1

139.7

Standard error

 

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

M, 71+ y

1,328

141.6

137.9

139.1

139.7

Standard error

 

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

F, 14–18 y

1,269

140.8

136.4

138.3

138.9

Standard error

 

1.3

8.8

3.4

2.3

F, 19–50 y

4,675

140.9

137.5

138.4

139.0

Standard error

 

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.1

F, 51–70 y

2,046

141.5

136.4

138.3

139.1

Standard error

 

0.1

0.6

0.3

0.3

F, 71+ y

1,489

141.3

135.6

137.7

138.6

Standard error

 

0.2

0.4

0.3

0.3

Pregnant

323

138.8

134.5

136.3

137.0

Standard error

 

0.2

0.8

0.5

0.4

Lactating

100

141.9

139.3

140.2

140.6

Standard error

 

0.3

0.5

0.3

0.3

a M = male, F = female (not pregnant and/or lactating).

NOTE: Data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method to provide estimates of usual serum potassium concentrations. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy or lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy or lactating status were excluded from the analysis.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Serum Electrolyte Concentrations NHANES III, 1988-94." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×

25th

50th

75th

90th

95th

99th

140.6

141.4

142.1

142.8

143.3

144.3

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.3

140.9

141.7

142.5

143.3

143.7

144.7

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

140.6

141.5

142.5

143.3

143.8

144.7

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

140.7

141.6

142.6

143.4

144.0

145.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

139.9

140.8

141.8

142.5

143.0

144.0

1.6

1.1

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.3

139.9

140.8

141.8

142.7

143.4

144.5

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.3

140.3

141.5

142.7

143.8

144.4

145.7

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

140.1

141.4

142.6

143.8

144.6

146.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.5

137.9

138.7

139.8

140.9

141.5

142.7

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.4

141.3

142.0

142.6

143.2

143.5

144.0

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.3

DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994.

SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics (2003).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Serum Electrolyte Concentrations NHANES III, 1988-94." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×

TABLE J-3 Mean and Selected Percentiles of Serum Chloride (mmol/L): United States, NHANES III, 1988–1994

Sex/Age Categorya

n

Mean

Percentile

1st

5th

10th

M, 14–18 y

1,196

104.1

100.4

101.5

102.1

Standard error

 

0.2

0.6

0.5

0.4

M, 19–50 y

4,277

104.5

99.9

101.3

102.0

Standard error

 

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

M, 51–70 y

1,953

104.3

97.4

99.8

101.0

Standard error

 

0.2

0.5

0.6

0.5

M, 71+ y

1,328

104.1

97.3

99.6

100.8

Standard error

 

0.2

0.8

0.4

0.3

F, 14–18 y

1,269

104.8

100.4

101.7

102.4

Standard error

 

0.2

0.6

0.4

0.3

F, 19–50 y

4,675

105.0

100.0

101.5

102.4

Standard error

 

0.2

0.4

0.3

0.3

F, 51–70 y

2,046

104.1

97.0

99.4

100.6

Standard error

 

0.2

0.5

0.4

0.4

F, 71+ y

1,489

103.7

95.9

98.7

100.0

Standard error

 

0.2

1.0

0.5

0.4

Pregnant

323

105.1

100.8

102.2

102.9

Standard error

 

0.4

1.9

1.3

1.0

Lactating

100

105.3

101.2

102.5

103.2

Standard error

 

0.5

2.8

1.8

1.4

a M = male, F = female (not pregnant and/or lactating).

NOTE: Data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method to provide estimates of usual serum potassium concentrations. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy or lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy or lactating status were excluded from the analysis.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Serum Electrolyte Concentrations NHANES III, 1988-94." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×

25th

50th

75th

90th

95th

99th

103.0

104.1

105.1

106.0

106.6

107.6

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

103.2

104.5

105.8

106.9

107.6

108.9

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.4

102.7

104.4

106.0

107.4

108.3

109.9

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.4

102.5

104.2

105.8

107.3

108.2

109.9

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.8

103.6

104.8

106.0

107.1

107.7

108.8

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.4

103.7

105.1

106.5

107.6

108.3

109.5

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.4

102.4

104.2

105.9

107.5

108.4

110.1

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.4

102.0

103.8

105.6

107.1

108.0

109.6

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

104.0

105.1

106.2

107.2

107.9

109.1

0.6

0.4

0.6

0.9

1.2

1.7

104.3

105.4

106.4

107.2

107.6

108.4

0.8

0.5

0.7

1.0

1.3

1.8

DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994.

SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics (2003).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Serum Electrolyte Concentrations NHANES III, 1988-94." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×
Page 558
Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Serum Electrolyte Concentrations NHANES III, 1988-94." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×
Page 559
Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Serum Electrolyte Concentrations NHANES III, 1988-94." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×
Page 560
Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Serum Electrolyte Concentrations NHANES III, 1988-94." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×
Page 561
Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Serum Electrolyte Concentrations NHANES III, 1988-94." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×
Page 562
Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Serum Electrolyte Concentrations NHANES III, 1988-94." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×
Page 563
Next: Appendix K: Options for Dealing with Uncertainties »
Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate Get This Book
×

Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes to be used for planning and assessing diets for healthy people. This new report, the sixth in a series of reports presenting dietary reference values for the intakes of nutrients by Americans and Canadians, establishes nutrient recommendations on water, potassium, and salt for health maintenance and the reduction of chronic disease risk. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate discusses in detail the role of water, potassium, salt, chloride, and sulfate in human physiology and health. The major findings in this book include the establishment of Adequate Intakes for total water (drinking water, beverages, and food), potassium, sodium, and chloride and the establishment of Tolerable Upper Intake levels for sodium and chloride. The book makes research recommendations for information needed to advance the understanding of human requirements for water and electrolytes, as well as adverse effects associated with the intake of excessive amounts of water, sodium, chloride, potassium, and sulfate. This book will be an invaluable reference for nutritionists, nutrition researchers, and food manufacturers.

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