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OCR for page 339
treaty Between the United
States of America and the Onion
of Soviet Socialist Republics on
the Limitadon of Underground
Nuc~ar Weapon Has
OCR for page 340
Treaty Between the United States of America and the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of
Underground Nuclear Weapon Tests
Signed at Moscow July 3, 1974
The United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, herein-
after referred to as the Parties,
Declaring their intention to achieve at the earliest possible date the cessation of the
nuclear arms race and to take effective measures toward reductions in strategic arms,
nuclear disarmament, and general and complete disarmament under strict and
effective international control,
Recalling the determination expressed by the Parties to the 1963 Treaty Banning
Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water in its
Preamble to seek to achieve the discontinuance of all test explosions of nuclear
weapons for all time, and to continue negotiations to this end,
Noting that the adoption of measures for the further limitation of underground
nuclear weapon tests would contribute to the achievement of these objectives and
would meet the interests of strengthening peace and the further relaxation of inter-
national tension,
Reaffirming their adherence to the objectives and principles of the Treaty Banning
Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water and of the
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,
Have agreed as follows:
Article I
1. Each Party undertakes to prohibit, to prevent, and not to carry out any under-
ground nuclear weapon test having a yield exceeding 150 kilotons at any place under
its jurisdiction or control, beginning March 31, 1976.
2. Each Party shall limit the number of its underground nuclear weapon tests to a
minimum.
3. The Parties shall continue their negotiations with a view toward achieving a
solution to the problem of the cessation of all underground nuclear weapon tests.
Article II
1. -For the purpose of providing assurance of compliance with the provisions of this
Treaty, each Party shall use national technical means of verification at its disposal in a
manner consistent with the generally recognized principles of international law.
2. Each Party undertakes not to interfere with the national technical means of
verification of the other Party operating in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article.
3. To promote the objectives and implementation of the provisions of this Treaty the
Parties shall, as necessary, consult with each other, make inquiries and furnish
information in response to such inquiries.
340
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THRESHOLD TEST BAN TREATY
341
Article l l l
The provisions of this Treaty do not extend to underground nuclear explosions
carried out by the Parties for peaceful purposes. Underground nuclear explosions for
peaceful purposes shall be governed by an agreement which is to be negotiated and
concluded by the Parties at the earliest possible time.
Article IV
This Treaty shall be subject to ratification in accordance with the constitutional
procedures of each Party. This Treaty shall enter into force on the day of the exchange
of instruments of ratification. --
Article V
1. This Treaty shall remain in force for a period of five years. Unless replaced earlier
by an agreement in implementation of the objectives specified in paragraph 3 of Article
I of this Treaty, it shall be extended for successive five-year periods unless either Party
notifies the other of its termination no later than six months prior to the expiration of the
Treaty. Before the expiration of this period the Parties may, as necessary, hold
consultations to consider the situation relevant to the substance of this Treaty and to
introduce possible amendments to the text of the Treaty.
2. Each Party shall, in exercising its national sovereignty, have the right to withdraw
from this Treaty if it decides that extraordinary events related to the subject matter of
this Treaty have jeopardized its supreme interests. It shall give notice of its decision to
the other Party six months prior to withdrawal from this Treaty. Such notice shall
include a statement of the extraordinary events the notifying Party regards as having
jeopard ized its su preme i nterests.
3. This Treaty shall be registered pursuant to article 1020ftheCharteroftheUnited
Nations.
DONE at Moscow on July3, 1974, in duplicate, in the English and Russian languages,
both texts being equally authentic.
For the United States of America:
RICHARD NIXON,
The President of the United States of America
For the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics:
L. BREZHNEV,
General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU.
OCR for page 342
Protocol to the Treaty Between the United States of
America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on
the Limitation of Underground Nuclear Weapon Tests
The United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, herein-
after referred to as the Parties,
Having agreed to limit underground nuclear weapon tests,
Have agreed as follows:
1. For the Purpose of ensuring verification of compliance with the obligations of the
Parties under the Treaty by national technical means, the Parties shall, on the basis of
reciprocity, exchange the following data:
a. The geographic coordinates of the boundaries of each test site and of the
boundaries of the geophysically distinct testing areas therein.
b. Information on the geology of the testing areas of the sites (the rock charac-
teristics of geological formations and the basic physical properties of the rock, i.e.,
density, seismic velocity, water saturation, porosity and the depth of water table).
c. The geographic coordinates of underground nuclear weapon tests, after they
have been conducted.
d. Yield, date, time, depth and coordinates for two nuclear weapon tests for
calibration purposes from each geophysically distinct testing area where
underground nuclear weapon tests have been and are to be conducted. In this
connection the yield of such explosionsforcalibration purposesshould tee es near es
possible to the limit defined in Article I of the Treaty and not less than one-tenth of
that limit. In the case of testing areas where data are not available on two tests for
calibration purposes, the data pertaining to one such test shall be exchanged, if
available, and the data pertaining to the second test shall be exchanged as soon as
possible after the second test having a yield in the above-mentioned range. The
provisions of this Protocol shall not require the Parties to conduct tests solely for
calibration purposes.
2. The Parties agree that the exchange of data pursuant to subparagraphs a, b, and d
of paragraph 1 shal I be carried out simultaneously with the exchange of instruments of
ratification of the Treaty, as provided in Article IV of the Treaty, having in mind that the
Parties shall, on the basis of reciprocity, afford each other the opportunity to familiarize
themselves with these data before the exchange of instruments of ratification.
3. Shou Id a Party specify a new test site or testing area after the entry into force of the
Treaty, the data Cal led for by su bparag raphs a and b of paragraph 1 shal I be transm itted
to the other Party in advance of use of that site or area. The data called for by
subparagraph d of paragraph 1 shall also be transmitted in advance of use of that site or
area if they are available; if they are not available, they shall be transmitted as soon as
possible after they have been obtained by the transmitting Party.
4. The Parties agree that the test sites of each Party shall be located at places under
its jurisdiction or control and that all nuclear weapon tests shall be conducted solely
within the testing areas specified in accordance with paragraph 1.
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THRESHOLD TEST BAN TREATY
343
5. For the purposes of the Treaty, all underground nuclear explosions at the
specified test sites shall be considered nuclear weapon tests and shall be subject to all
the provisions of the Treaty relating to nuclear weapon tests. The provisions of Article
lil of the Treaty apply to all underground nuclear explosions conducted outside of the
specified test sites, and only to such explosions.
This Protocol shall be considered an integral part of the Treaty.
DONE at Moscow on July 3, 1974.
For the United States of America:
RICHARD M. NIXON,
The President of the United States of America
For the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics:
L. BREZHNEV,
General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU.
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Representative terms from entire chapter:
weapon tests
