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Systems Integration for Project Constellation: Letter Report (2004)

Chapter: Attachment D: Systems Integration Tasks

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Suggested Citation:"Attachment D: Systems Integration Tasks." National Research Council. 2004. Systems Integration for Project Constellation: Letter Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11104.
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Attachment D
Systems Integration Tasks

The Office of Exploration Systems has defined Project Constellation in terms of six tiers:

  • Tier 1. Enterprise Elements: Project Constellation (a system of systems)

  • Tier 2. System (e.g., crew transport system, surface systems)

  • Tier 3. Segment (e.g., crew exploration vehicle, launch vehicle, ground segment)

  • Tier 4. Element (e.g., booster element)

  • Tier 5. Subsystem (e.g., booster main engine)

  • Tier 6. Assembly (e.g., thrust chamber assembly)

Listed below are the types of tasks that the committee believes should be included in systems integration at Tiers 1 and 2.

TIER 1: ENTERPRISE ELEMENTS / SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS

At Tier 1, the systems integrator would accomplish tasks such as the following:

  • refinement of Tier 1 performance requirements

  • drafting of verification and validation requirements and plans for Tier 1 requirements

  • completion of system-of-systems architectural trade studies leading to refined Tier 1 (system of systems) architectures and concepts of operation, including—

    • top-level operational sequences of operations

    • operational block diagrams (for each operational phase)

    • system-of-systems block diagrams (for each operational phase)

    • information architecture

  • definition of other top-level requirements across a system of systems, such as redundancy, reliability, and availability

  • flowdown of system of systems performance requirements to Tier 2 systems—

    • crew transport

    • cargo transport

    • surface systems

    • in-space systems

    • ground systems

    • robotic precursors

  • development of functional interface specifications for Tier 2 systems

  • drafting of verification and validation requirements and approaches for Tier 2 systems

  • refinement of program approach and phasing at the Tier 1 level

  • establishment, operation, and support of other critical systems integration functions, such as:

Suggested Citation:"Attachment D: Systems Integration Tasks." National Research Council. 2004. Systems Integration for Project Constellation: Letter Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11104.
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  • configuration management and control (including Tier 1 Change Control Board)

  • mission assurance and safety including Tier 1 failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)

  • Tier 1 risk analysis and risk reduction programs

  • maintenance and rebalancing of the efforts listed above as required

Completing these tasks will require at least the following inputs:

  • Project Constellation vision

  • Project Constellation top-level requirements (system of systems)

  • preliminary system-of-systems architectures developed by NASA

  • preliminary program approach and phasing developed by NASA

TIER 2: SYSTEMS

At Tier 2, the systems integrator would accomplish tasks such as the following:

  • refinement of Tier 2 performance requirements

  • drafting of verification and validation requirements and plans for Tier 2 requirements

  • completion of architectural trade studies leading to refined architectures for each Tier 2 system (Tier 2 expansions of Tier 1 architectural products)

  • definition of other Tier 2 level requirements, such as redundancy, reliability, and availability

  • flowdown of Tier 2 performance requirements to Tier 3 (Segment), such as the following in the crew transport system:

    • crew exploration vehicle

    • launch vehicle

    • extravehicular activity systems

    • intravehicular activity systems

    • in-space transport systems

  • development of interface specifications for Tier 3 systems

  • drafting of verification and validation requirements and plans for Tier 3 requirements

  • refinement of program approach and phasing for Tier 2

  • establishment, operation, and support of other critical systems-integration functions, such as:

    • configuration management and control (including Tier 2 Change Control Board)

    • mission assurance and safety, including Tier 2 FMEA

    • Tier 2 risk analysis and risk reduction programs

  • maintenance and rebalancing of the efforts listed above as required

Completing these tasks will require at least the following inputs:

  • Tier 1 outputs

  • Tier 2 program constraints from NASA

Suggested Citation:"Attachment D: Systems Integration Tasks." National Research Council. 2004. Systems Integration for Project Constellation: Letter Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11104.
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Page 30
Suggested Citation:"Attachment D: Systems Integration Tasks." National Research Council. 2004. Systems Integration for Project Constellation: Letter Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11104.
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Page 31
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With the announcement of the Vision for U.S. Space Exploration, NASA has formed a new Exploration Systems Enterprise charged with development of systems to be used in the exploration of the moon, Mars, and other destinations. A key component of that enterprise is Project Constellation which is responsible for all of the systems necessary for human exploration. It is essential that those systems be integrated effectively for the mission to succeed. To assist with this objective, NASA asked the NRC to assess the relative merits of seven approaches for systems integration. This letter report presents this assessment. It provides a list of 21 criteria for judging the capability of each of the approaches to succeed in this complex integration task, and ratings of how well each can fulfill those criteria

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