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OCR for page R1
NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS
OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS
NUMBER 7
Nutrient Requirements of
Mink and Foxes
Seconc! reviser! eclition, ~982
Subcommittee on Furbearer
Nutrition
Committee on Animal Nutrition
Board on Agriculture and
Renewable Resources
National Research Council
fir
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D.C. 1982
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NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS SERIES
Nutrient Requirements of Trout, Salmon, and Catfish, 1973
Nutrient Requirements of Dogs, 1974
Nutrient Requirements of Sheep, 1975
Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle, 1976
Nutrient Requirements of Rabbits, 1977
Nutrient Requirements of Warmwater Fishes, 1977
Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 1977
Nutrient Requirements of Cats, 1978
Nutrient Requirements of Horses, 1978
Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 1978
Nutrient Requirements of Nonhuman Primates, 1978
Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals, 1978
Nutrient Requirements of Swine, 1979
Nutrient Requirements of Goats, 1981
Nutrient Requirements of Coldwater Fishes, 1981
0-309-02141-3
0-309-02351-7
0-309-02212-6
0-309-02419-6
0 309 02607-5
0-309-02616-4
0-309-02725-X
0 309-02743-8
0-309-02760-8
0-309-02749-7
0-309-02786-1
0-309-02767-5
0-309-02870-1
0-309-03185-0
0-309-03187-7
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National
Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the Na-
tional Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for
the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a
Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National
Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was established by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the
broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and of ad-
vising the federal government. The Council operates in accordance with general policies determined by the
Academy under the authority of its congressional charter of 1863, which establishes the Academy as a
private, nonprofit, self-governing membership corporation. The Council has become the principal operating
agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in the conduct of
their services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. It is ad-
ministered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. The National Academy of Engineering
and the Institute of Medicine were established in 1964 and 1970, respectively, under the charter of the Na-
tional Academy of Sciences.
This study was supported by Agricultural Research, Science and Education Administration of the U.S.
Department of Agriculture, by the Bureau of Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration of the
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and by Agriculture Canada.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Nutrient requirements of mink and foxes.
(Nutrient requirements of domestic animals; no. 7)
Revision of: 1st rev. ea., 1968.
Bibliography: p.
1. Minks-Feeding and feeds. 2. Foxes-Feeding
and feeds. I. National Research Council (U.S.~.
Subcommittee on Furbearer Nutrition. II. Series.
SF95.N32 no. 7, 1982 [SF405.M6]
ISBN 0-309-03325-X
Available from
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20418
Printed in the United States of America
636.08'52s 82-14486
F636'.974441
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Preface
This report is one of a series issued under the direction
of the Committee on Animal Nutrition (CAN), of the
Board on Agriculture and Renewable Resources, Na-
tional Research Council. It was prepared by the CAN
Subcommittee on Furbearer Nutrition and is the sec-
ond revised edition. The subject was first addressed in
Publication 296, Nutrient Requirements of Foxes and
Minks, published in 1953, and the first revised edition
was published in 1968 as Nutrient Requirements of
Mink and Foxes.
The earlier reports were the first attempts to develop
nutrient requirements for mink and foxes. In this re-
port, additional data are included for the formulation
of diets using alternative feedstuffs to the traditional
diets of fresh meat and fish as these become increas-
ingly scarce and expensive.
· - .
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Acknowledgments
The subcommittee wishes to thank the Scandinavian
scientists, Hans Rimeslatten, Anders Skrede, and Arne
Helgebostad from Norway; Eva Alden and Anne
Helene Tauson from Sweden; Jaakko Makela and
Tuomo Kiiskinen from Finland; and Niels Glem-
Hansen from Denmark for supplying to the subcom-
mittee experimental results and data concerning Scandi-
navian norms for forbearing animals and nourishment
value and utilization of different feedstuffs.
Our thanks also to Hans Rimeslatten for his very
valuable contributions to the part concerning foxes and
to Niels Glem-Hansen for supplying basic information
concerning energy and protein requirements of mink.
A special thanks to Niels Glem-Hansen for his valuable
help in supplying the subcommittee with detailed data
about the Scandinavian feedstuffs.
The subcommittee acknowledges the efforts of the
International Feedstuffs Institute, Utah State Univer-
sity, in establishing and maintaining the data bank that
supplied feed composition data for the subcommittee's
consideration. The assistance of the Committee on Ani-
mal Nutrition's Subcommittee on Feed Composition is
also acknowledged with appreciation.
The subcommittee is indebted to Philip Ross, Ex-
ecutive Secretary, and Selma P. Baron, Staff Officer,
of the Board on Agriculture and Renewable Resources
for their assistance in the production of this report; to
the members of the Committee on Animal Nutrition;
and to John Adair, Robert O. Herrmann, Harold I.
blintz, I. K. Loosli, Howard D. Stowe, and Richard G.
Warner, all of whom prepared critical reviews for the
advice and guidance of the subcommittee. We are in-
debted to all of these scientists. Our special thanks to
George K. Davis, who served as review coordinator for
this report.
Subcommittee on Furbearer Nutrition
HUGH F. TRAVIS, Chairman
USDA, SEA, Cornell University, retired
E. V. EVANS
University of Guelph, Ontario, retired
GUNNAR JOERGENSEN
National Institute of Animal Science, Denmark
RICHARD J. AULERICH
Michigan State University
WILLIAM L. LEOSCHKE
Valparaiso University, Indiana
JAMES E. OLDlIELD
Oregon State University
v
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COMMITTEE ON ANIMAL NUTRITION
JOSEPH P. FONTENOT
University
(Chairman), vie and State
DUANE E. Ugly (Vice Chairman), Michigan State
University
JIMMY H. CLARK, University of Illinois
RICHARD D. GOODRICH, University of Minnesota
NEAL A. JORGENSEN, University of Wisconsin-Madison
BERYE E. MARCH, University of British Columbia
JAMES G. MORRIS, University of California-Davis
WILSON G. POND, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center
GARY E. RUMSEY, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
SELMA P. BARON, Staff Officer
BOARD ON AGRICULTURE AND
RENEWABLE RESOURCES
GEORGE K. DAVIS (Chairman), University of Florida,
retired
NEVILLE P. CLARKE (Vice Chairman), Texas A&M
University
WILLIAM L. BROWN, Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.
ROBERT O. HERRMANN, Pennsylvania State University
MINORU HIRONAKA, University of Idaho
LAURENCE R. JAHN, Wildlife Management Institute
BERNARD S. SCHWEIGERT, University of California-Davis
E. WAYNE SHEEN, Auburn University
GEORGE R. STAEBEER, Weyerhaeuser Co., retired
CHAMP B. TANNER, University of Wisconsin
JOHN F. TIMMONS, Iowa State University
PAUL E. WAGGONER, Connecticut Agricultural
Experiment Station, New lIaven
PHILIP ROSS, Executive Secretary
vi
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Contents
INTRODUCTION 1 TOXIC SUBSTANCES IN THE
FEED SUPPLY 21
DETERMINING NUTRITIONAL Synthetic Estrogens, 21
REQUIREMENTS 2 Thyroid Glands, 21
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons, 21
FORMULATING DIETS OR PolychlorinatedBiphenyls, 21
FEED MIXTURES 5 Histamine, 22
Feed Sanitation, 5 Heavy Metals, 22
Water Quality, 6 Nitrosamines, 22
Mycotoxins, 22
MINK: RECOMMENDED DIETARY Botulism, 23
ALLOWANCES 7
Energy, 7 FOXES: RECOMMENDED DIETARY
Fat, 9 ALLOWANCES 24
Carbohydrates, 9 Energy, 24
Protein, 10 Fats, 25
Fat-Soluble Vitamins, 11 Carbohydrates, 25
Water-Soluble Vitamins, 13 Protein, 25
Minerals, 15 Fat-Soluble Vitamins, 26
Water-Soluble Vitamins, 27
FEED ADDITIVES 18 Minerals, 29
Antibiotics, 18
Antioxidants, 18 COMPOSITION OF FEEDS 31
DISORDERS RELATED TO NUTRITION 19 TABLES 33
Urinary Calculi, 19
Wet-Belly Disease, 19 REFERENCES 67
..
V11
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