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Suggested Citation:"Appendix I Bibliography." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2005. Science and Technology in the National Interest: Ensuring the Best Presidential and Federal Advisory Committee Science and Technology Appointments. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11152.
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APPENDIX I
BIBLIOGRAPHY BY TOPIC

Topical Bibliography Categories

Federal Advisory Committees

A Leadership Directory. Federal Yellow Book. New York: Leadership Directories, Inc., 2004.

American Public Health Association. Ensuring the Scientific Credibility of Government Public Health Advisory Committees.

Annual Report of the President 1981. Federal Advisory Committees, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

Ard, Catherine F. and Marvin R. Natowicz. “A Seat at the Table: Membership in Federal Advisory Committees Evaluating Public Policy in Genetics.” American Journal of Public Health 91, no. 5 (2001):787-90.

Areen, Judith, Steven Goldberg, Patricia A. King, and Alexander M. Capron. Law, Science, and Medicine (1996):397.

Ashford, Nicholas A. “Advisory Committees in OSHA and EPA: Their Use in Regulatory Decisionmaking.” Science, Technology, and Human Values 9 (1984).

Aurelia, Laurie. “The Federal Advisory Committee Act and Its Failure to Work Effectively in the Environmental Context.” Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review 25 (1995):87.


Bybee, Jay S. “Advising the President: Separation of Powers and the Federal Advisory Committee Act.” Yale Law Journal 104 (1994):51-73.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix I Bibliography." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2005. Science and Technology in the National Interest: Ensuring the Best Presidential and Federal Advisory Committee Science and Technology Appointments. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11152.
×

Centers for Disease Control. “Secretary Thompson Appoints Nine to CDC Advisory Committee.” Web page, February 2003 [accessed 15 September 2004]. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/od/oc/media/pressrel/2030220d.htm.

Committee Management Secretariat. “Management of Fed Advisory Committees (Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA) Management Overview).” Web page, [accessed 8 September 2004]. Available at http://www.gsa.gov/Portal/gsa/ep/channelView.do?pageTypeId=8203&channelPage=/ep/channel/gsaOverview.jsp&channelId=-13170.

Comstock, Amy L. Letter to Richard B. Cheney (President, United States Senate, 16 July 2003.

Congressional Reports Elimination Act of 1982, Public Law 97-375. 1983.

Council of Science and Technology Advisors. Science Advice for Government Effectiveness (SAGE), Ottawa, 1999. Report to the Cabinet Committee on Economic Union.

Creating Quality Leadership and Management. “QUAL01: Provide Improved Leadership and Management of the Executive Branch.” Web page, Available at http://goveinfo.library.unt.edu/npr/library/reports/qual01.html.

Creating Quality Leadership and Management. “QUAL02: Improve Government Performance Through Strategic and Quality Management.” Web page, [accessed 8 September 2004]. Available at http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/npr/library/reports/qual02.html.

Creating Quality Leadership and Management. “QUAL03: Strengthen the Corps of Senior Leaders.” Web page, [accessed 8 September 2004]. Available at http://goveinfo.library.unt.edu/npr/library/reports/qual03.html.

Croley, Steven P. “Practical Guidance on the Applicability of the Federal Advisory Committee Act.” The American University Administrative Law Journal 10 (1996):111.

Croley, Steven P. and William F. Funk. “The Federal Advisory Committee Act and Good Government.” Yale Journal on Regulation 14 (1997):451.

CSPI. “Lax Ethics Rules Undercut Science Advice, Say Groups.” Web page, March 2003 [accessed 14 September 2004]. Available at http://www.cspinet.org/new/200303101.html.


Department of Health and Human Services. “Advisory Committee Management Guide, General Administration Manual.” 1998.

Department of Health and Human Services Regulations, Removal of Committee Management 45 CFR Part 11. 1995.

Dickson, David. “The Politics of Science Advice.” Science and Development Network (2004).

Domhoff, G. William. The Powers That Be. New York: Vintage.


Easy Steps to Special Emphasis Panels Handbook. 1995.

Editorial. “Faith-Based Reasoning.” Scientific American (2001):8.

Editorial. “Problems With the President.” Nature (2001):499.

Encyclopedia of Governmental Advisory Organizations. Detroit, MI: Gale Research.

Environmental Protection Agency. “Mercury Research Strategy.” Web page, September 2000. Available at http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/recordisplay.cfm?deid=20853.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix I Bibliography." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2005. Science and Technology in the National Interest: Ensuring the Best Presidential and Federal Advisory Committee Science and Technology Appointments. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11152.
×

Environmental Protection Agency Office of Inspector General. Science Policy Council Handbook: Peer Review.

——. Science to Support Rulemaking, 2002. Report 2003-P-00003.

Environmental Protection Agency Science Advisory Board. “Overview of the Panel Formation Process at the Environmental Protection Agency Science Advisory Board.” Web page, September 2002 [accessed 14 September 2004]. Available at http://www.epa.gov/sab/pdf/ec020101.pdf.

European Parliament. Transparency and Openness in Scientific Advisory Committees: The American Experience, 1999.

Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget. OMB Proposes Draft Peer Review Standards for Regulatory Science, Washington, D.C., 2003.

Executive Order 12024. “General Services Administration Transfer.” 1977.

Executive Order 12838. “Termination and Limitation of Federal Advisory Committees.” 1993.


Federal Advisory Committee Act Overview. 1993.

Federal Advisory Committee Act, Public Law 92-463. 1972.

Federal Advisory Committee Managemtn (Final Rule), 41 CFR Part 101-6 and 102-3. 2001.

Ferber, Dan. “Critics See a Tilt in a CDC Science Panel.” Science 297, no. 1456-1457 (2002).

Finneran, Kevin. “Science Advice or Political Cover?” Issues in Science and Technology (2002).

Food and Drug Administration. Brief Report: SGE Financial Disclosure Survey, 2001.

Food and Drug Administration. “Draft Guidance on Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest for Special Government Employees Participating in FDA Product Specific Advisory Committees.” Web page, January 2002 [accessed 14 September 2004]. Available at http://www.fda.gov/oc/guidance/advisorycommittee.html.

Freedom of Information Act - 5USC 552 as amended in 1974 by Public Law 93-502 and in 1976 by Public Law 94-409. 1997.


Gamboa, Anthony H. Letter to Brian Baird, 18 October 2004.

General Accounting Office. “Federal Advisory Committee Act: General Services Administration’s Oversight of Advisory Committees.” 1998. GAO Report to Congressional Requesters, GAO/GGD-98-124.

——. Federal Advisory Committee Act: Views of Committee Members and Agencies on Federal Advisory Committee Issues, 1998. GAO Report to Congressional Requesters, GAO/GGD-98-147.

——. Federal Advisory Committees: Additional Guidance Could Help Agencies Better Ensure Independence and Balance, 2004. GAO-04-328.

——. “Federal Research: Peer Review Procedures at Federal Science Agencies Vary.” Web page, March 1999. Available at http://www.gao.gov/archive/1999/rc99099.pdf.GAO/RCED-99-99.

——. “General Accounting Office Report.” Peer Review Practices at Federal Science Agencies Vary, 1999.

——. “General Accounting Office Reports and Testimony.” Federal Advisory Committees: Additional Guidance Could Help Agencies Better Ensure Independence and Balance, General Accounting Office, 2004.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix I Bibliography." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2005. Science and Technology in the National Interest: Ensuring the Best Presidential and Federal Advisory Committee Science and Technology Appointments. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11152.
×

——. Testimony Before the House Subcommittee on Energy and Environment, 1997.

——. “Views of Committee Members and Agencies on Federal Advisory Committee Issues.” GAO Report to Congressional Requesters, GAO/ GGD-98-147.

General Services Administration. “Twenty-Fifth Annual Report of the President on Federal Advisory Committees: Fiscal Year 1996.” Washington, 1997.

Gerberding, Julie Louise. Letter to Kennedy, Edward M., 23 January 2003.

Glode, Elizabeth R. “Advising Under the Influence?: Conflicts of Interest Among FDA Advisory Committee Members.” Food and Drug Law Journal 57 (2002):293.

Government in the Sunshine Act, Public Law 94-409. 1977.


H. R. 1022. “Risk Assessment and Cost-Benefit Act.” 1995.

Howton, Charles. “Office of Governmentwide Policy (Committee Management Secretariat Division).” Web page, August 2004 [accessed 8 September 2004]. Available at http://www.gsa.gov/Portal/gsa/ep/channelView.do?pageTypeId=8199&channelPage=%2Fep%2Fchannel%2FgsaOverview.jsp&channelId=-16026.


Inspector General, Department of Defense. Report on the Survey of the Management of DOD Federal Advisory Committees, Alexandria, VA, 1990.


Karty, K. D. “Closure and Capture in Federal Advisory Committees.” Business and Politics 4, no. 2 (2002): 213-38.

Katzen, Sally. Testimony Before the Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee of the House Committee on Governmental Operations, 1994.

Kello, Carolyn Bingham. “Drawing the Curtain on Open Government? In Defense of the Federal Advisory Committee Act.” Brooklyn Law Review 69 (2003):345-93.

Kennedy, Donald. “An Epidemic of Politics.” Science 625 (2003).

Kim, Rena, and Dedrick D. Straghn. “Federal Advisory Committee Act: Decisions and Opinions.” Washington, 1997.

Kuhar, Mike. “The Politics of Advice: Biased Scientific Information in Government Agencies.” The Academic Exchange 7, no. 1 (2004).


Lancet. “No Way to Run a Superpower.” Nature 861 (2003).

Long, Rebecca J., and Thomas C. Beierle. The Federal Advisory Committee Act and Public Participation in Environmental Policy, 1999. Discussion Paper 99-17.


Markey, Edward J. Letter to Lester M. Crawford, Jr., 1 November 2002.

——. Turning Lead Into Gold: How the Bush Administration Is Poisoning the Lead Advisory Committee at the CDC, 2002.

Markey, Edward J., Rose DeLauro, Earl Blumenauer, Hilda L. Solis. Letter to Tommy G. Thompson, 17 September 2002.

——. Letter to Tommy G. Thompson, 21 November 2002.

Markey, Edward J., Rose DeLauro, Earl Blumenauer, Hilda L. Solis. Letter to Lester M. Crawford, Jr., 1 November 2002.

——. Letter to Tommy G. Thompson, 21 November 2002.

McGarity, Thomas O. “Peer Review in Awarding Federal Grants in the Arts and Sciences.” High Technology Law Journal 9 (1994):1.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix I Bibliography." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2005. Science and Technology in the National Interest: Ensuring the Best Presidential and Federal Advisory Committee Science and Technology Appointments. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11152.
×

McGrew, Jane Lang. “How to Let in the Sunshine Without Getting Burned: Protecting Your Rights Before Advisory Committees.” Food Drug Cosmetic Law Journal 30 (1975).

McKee, Martin, and Richard Coker. “The Dangerous Rise of American Exceptionalism.” Lancet (2003):1579.

Michaels, David, Eula Bingham, Les Boden, and others. “Advice Without Dissent.” Science 298 (2002):703.

Minority Staff, Government Reform Committee. Politics and Science in the Bush Administration, 2003.

Moore, Gwen, Sarah Sobieraj, J. Allen Whitt, Olga Mayorova, and Daniel Beaulieu. “Elite Interlocks in Three U. S. Sectors: Nonprofit, Corporate, and Government.” Social Science Quarterly 83, no. 3 (2002):726-44.

Morehead, Joe. “Government Publications Review.” Federal Advisory Committees and Access to Public Information: A Status, Joe Morehead.

Murphy, Brian C. Review of Implementation of the Federal Advisory Act, Washington, D.C. Report prepared for the Office of Management and Budget.


National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council. Decision Making in the Environmental Protection Agency, Vol. II, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1977.

National Institutes of Health. National Institutes of Health Committee Management Handbook, 2003.

National Institutes of Health Peer Review Regulations, 42 CFR Part 52. 1997.

National Research Council. Peer Review in Environmental Technology Development Programs: The Department of Energy’s Office of Science and Technology, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1998.

——. Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1983.

——. Valuing Health Risks, Costs, and Benefits for Environmental Decision Making, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1990.


Office of Management and Budget A-63. “Advisory Committee Management.” 1974.

Office of Management and Budget, General Services Administration. Annual Report of the President on Federal Advisory Committees, 1972-1998.


Philipkoski, Kristen. “Stacking the Deck Against Science.” Web page, [accessed 19 February 2004]. Available at http://www.wired.com/news/medtech/0,1286,62119,00.html.

Physicians for Social Responsibility. “Keep Politics Out of Science.” (2002).

Pika, Joseph. Federal Advisory Committees: Links Between Agencies and Their Publics. Paper read at the 1981 meetings of the Northeastern Political Science Association. 12-14 November, Newark, NJ.

Politics & Science. “HHS Restricts Communications between U. S. Scientists and WHO Officials.” Web page, September 2004 [accessed 16 September 2004]. Available at http://democrats.reform.house.gov/features/politics_and_science/index.htm.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix I Bibliography." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2005. Science and Technology in the National Interest: Ensuring the Best Presidential and Federal Advisory Committee Science and Technology Appointments. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11152.
×

——. “Lead Poisoning Advisory Committee.” Web page, [accessed 9 February 2004]. Available at http://www.house.gov/reform/min/politicsandscience/example_lead_poisoning.htm.

——. “Scientific Organizations Defend Advisory Committee Integrity.” Web page, Available at http://www.house.gov/reform/min/politicsandscience/support_faca.html.

——. “Environmental Health Advisory Committees.” Web page, [accessed 9 February 2004]. Available at http://www.house.gov/reform/min/politicsandscience/example_environmental.htm.

——. “Reproductive Health Advisory Committees.” Web page, [accessed 9 February 2004]. Available at http://www.house.gov/reform/min/politicsandscience/example_reproductive_health.htm.

——. “Substance Abuse Committees.” Web page, [accessed 9 February 2004]. Available at http://www.house.gov/reform/min/politicsandscience/example_substance_abuse.htm.

Priest, T. B., Richard T. Sylves, and David F. Scudder. “Corporate Advice: Large Corporations and Federal Advisory Committees.” Social Science Quarterly : 100-111.

Public Health Service Act. 1997.

Public Health Service Act Part 134, Objective Review of Grant Applications. 1990.


Renn, Ortwin. “Style of Using Scientific Expertise: A Comparative Framework.” Science and Public Policy 22, no. 3 (1995).

Reppert, Barton. “PCAST Future Is Uncertain Under Clinton.” The Scientist 7, no. 4 (1993).

Robbins, Anthony. “Science for Special Interests.” The Boston Globe, 7 December 2003.

Roose, Diana. “Top Dogs and Top Brass: An Inside Look at a Government Advisory Committee.” Insurgent Sociologist 5:53-63.

Russo, Eugene. “Fighting for Integrity.” The Scientist (July 14, 2004).


Schofield, Regina B. Letter to Dr. Jill Egeth, 13 November 2002.

Shapiro, Sidney A. Public Accountability of Advisory Committees, 1 Risk: Issues Health & Safety 189 at 190-192, 1990.

Shogren, Elizabeth. “The Nation; Researchers Accuse Bush of Manipulating Science.” Los Angeles Times, 9 July 2004, sec. MAIN NEWS, p. 11.

Skladany, Linda A. Letter to Edward M. Kennedy, 8 January 2003.

Society of Toxicology. “SOT Position Statement on the Appointment and Participation of Scientists on Peer Review Panels and Scientific Advisory Boards.” Web page, April 2003 [accessed 14 September 2004]. Available at http://www.toxicology.org/Information/GeneralPublic/AdvisoryBoard.html.

St. Hill, H., T. A. Redman, and L. M. Mehlberg. “Allied Health Representations: A Call for Action.” Journal of Allied Health 30, no. 2 (2001):117-21.

Star, Jeffrey A. “The Federal Advisory Committee Act: A Key to Washington’s Back Door.” South Dakota Law Review 20 (1975).

Steinbrook, Robert. “Science, Politics, and Federal Advisory Committees.” The New England Journal of Medicine 350, no. 14 (2004):1454-60.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix I Bibliography." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2005. Science and Technology in the National Interest: Ensuring the Best Presidential and Federal Advisory Committee Science and Technology Appointments. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11152.
×

Subcommittee on Reports, Accounting and Management. Energy Advisors: An Analysis of Federal Advisory Committees Dealing With Energy, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.


The Presidential/Congressional Commission on Risk Assessment on Risk Management. Risk Assessment and Risk Management in Regulatory Decision-Making, Vol. 2, 1997.

Thompson, Tommy G. Letter to Mr. William L. Clay, Jr., 4 December 2002.

——. Letter to Henry A. Waxman, 28 October 2003.


U. S. EPA Science Advisory Board. Overview of the Panel Formation Process at the Environmental Protection Agency Science Advisory Board, Washington, D.C.

United States General Accounting Office. “EPA’s Science Advisory Board Panels: Improved Policies and Procedures Needed to Ensure Independence and Balance.” Web page, June 2001 [accessed 14 September 2004]. GAO-01-536.

United States House of Representatives Committee on Government Reform—Minority Staff Special Investigations Division. “A Case Study in Politics and Science.” Changes to the National Healthcare Disparities Report, January 2004.

——. Politics and Science in the Bush Administration, 2003.


Wallace, Larry D. “The Perceived Effectiveness of the Federal Advisory Committee Act Process: A Case Study of the FACA Subcommittee for Ozone, Particulate Matter, and Regional Haze Implementation.” Dissertation Abstracts International 63, no. 4.

Waxman, Henry A. Letter to Michael O. Leavitt, 11 December 2003.

——. Letter to Tommy G. Thompson (Secretary of Health and Human Services), 24 June 2004.

Waxman, Henry A., Committee on Government Reform. “Environmental Health Advisory Committees.” Web page, July 2004. Available at http://www.house.gov/reform/min/politicsandscience/example_environmental.htm.

Waxman, Henry A., Elijah E. Cummings, Ciro D. Rodriguez, Michael M. Honda, Donna M. Christensen, Hilda L. Solis, Danny K. Davis, Dale E. Kildee. Letter to Tommy G. Thompson, 13 January 2004.

Waxman, Henry A., John F. Tierney, Sherrod Brown, Eddie Bernice Johnson, Mark Udall, Brian Baird, Michael M. Honda. Letter to Joshua Bolten, 15 December 2003.

Waxman, Henry A., Sherrod Brown, Nita M. Lowey, Rosa L. Delauro, Diane E. Watson, Bernard Sanders, Edolphu Towns, Carolyn Maloney, WM. Lacy Clay, Elijah E. Cummings, Tom Allen, Dennis Kucinich. 21 October 2002.

Wegman, Richard A. “The Utilization and Management of Federal Advisory Committees.” 1983. A report of the Charles F. Kettering Foundation.

Wolff, Andrea L. “The Federal Advisory Committee Act and the Executive Privilege: Resolving the Separation of Powers Issue.” Seton Hall Constitutional Journal 5 (1995):1023.


Zerhouni, Elias A. Letter to Paul G. Donaldson, President International Association of Fire Fighters Local F-271, 15 December 2003.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix I Bibliography." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2005. Science and Technology in the National Interest: Ensuring the Best Presidential and Federal Advisory Committee Science and Technology Appointments. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11152.
×

——. Letter to Mr. Henry Waxman, 5 February 2004.

——. Letter to Henry Waxman (House of Representatives), 5 February 2004.

Presidential Appointments

Aberbach, Joel D., and Bert A. Rockman. In the Web of Politics: Three Decades of the U. S. Federal Executive, Brookings, Washington, D.C., 2000.

AEI. “Transition to Governing Newsletter.” Project Unveils New Software for Presidential Appointees, 2001.

AEI Press Release. “New Software Eases Task of Completing Forms for Presidential Appointees.” Web page, 2003 [accessed 2003]. Available at http://www.aei.org/news/newsID.15125/news_details.asp.

American Bar Association Committee on Government Standards. “Keeping Faith: Government Ethics & Government Ethics Regulations.” Administrative Law Review 45, no. 3 (1993).

American Enterprise Institute. “Transition to Governing Project.” Presidential Transitions: ‘What We Did’ The 1980 and 1988 Transitions, Panel 1, 2000. American Enterprise Institute in conjunction with the Brookings Institution and the Hoover Institution, funded by The Pew Charitable Trusts.


Ballard, Tanya N. “Ethics Chief Outlines Appointments Process Fixes.” Web page, April 2001 [accessed 14 September 2004]. Available at http://www.govexec.com/dailyfed/0401/040601t1.htm.

Ballard, Tanya N. “Ethics Office to Study Presidential Appointments Process.” Web page, January 2001 [accessed 14 September 2004]. Available at http://www.govexec.com/dailyfed/0101/010201t1.htm.

Barker, Anthony, and B. Guy Peters. The Politics of Expert Advice: Creating, Using and Manipulating Scientific Knowledge for Public Policy. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1993.

Barnes, James A. “Selecting the Players.” National Journal 33, no. 25 (2001) :1874.

Bazelon, David L. “Risk and Responsibility.” Science 205 (1979): 277-80.

Beckler, David Z. “A Decision Maker’s Guide to Science Advising.” in William T. Golden, ed., Worldwide Science and Technology Advice to the Highest Levels of Government (NY: Pergamon, 1991), pp. 28–41.

Bell, Lauren C. Warring Factions: Interest Groups, Money, and the New Politics of Senate Confirmation. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University Press, 2002.

Brookings Institution. “The Brookings Institution Issues New Report for Mending the Presidential Appointments Process.” Web page, April 2001 [accessed 10 February 2004]. Available at http://www.appointee.brookings.org/events/reformagenda.htm.

——. “PAI Survey of Past Presidential Appointees.” 28 April 2000.

——. “Presidential Appointee Initiative Issues Call to Service.” 18 June 2003.

——. “Presidential Appointees Pay a Price to Serve Their Country.” 22 March 2002.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix I Bibliography." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2005. Science and Technology in the National Interest: Ensuring the Best Presidential and Federal Advisory Committee Science and Technology Appointments. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11152.
×

——. “Senate and House Act Together to Streamline Presidential Appointments Process.” 2 April 2003.

——. The American Enterprise Institute Hoover Institution. “Transition to Government Project.” Web page, 2003 [accessed 31 July 2004]. Available at http://www.aei.org/research/tgp/about/projectID.12/default.asp.

——. Presidential Appointee Initiative. A Survivor’s Guide for Presidential Nominees. Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C. 2002

——. Presidential Appointee Initiative Reform Agenda. Nominee’s Bill of Rights, Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C. 2001.

Brooks, Harvey. The Scientific Adviser. New York: Columbia University Press, 1964.

Burtless, Gary. “How Much Is Enough? Setting Pay for Presidential Appointees.” The Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C., 2002.


Campbell, Colton C. “White House Studies.” The Politics of Presidential Appointments: A Thorny Business.

Carter, Stephen L. The Confirmation Mess: Cleaning Up the Federal Appointments Process. Perseus Books Group, 1994.

Center for the Study of the Presidency. “Report to the President-Elect 2000.” Advancing Innovation: Improving the S & T Advisory Structure and Policy Process, Washington, D.C., 2000.

Chandler, Ralph C., and Jack C. Plano. The Public Administration Dictionary. New York: Wiley, 1982.

Collingridge, David, and Colin Reeve. Science Speaks to Power. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1986.

Committee on Governmental Affairs. The Plum Book: United States Government Policy and Supporting Positions. 2000 ed. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. U.S. Senate, 106th Congress, 2d Session.

Committee on Science, Engineering and Public Policy. Science and Technology in the National Interest: The Presidential Appointment Process, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 2000.

Council for Excellence in Govenrment and the Presidential Appointee Initiative. A Survivor’s Guide for Presidential Nominees, Washington, D.C., 2000. The Presidential Appointee Initiative, a Project of the Brookings Institute funded by the Pew Charitable Trusts.

Cronin, Thomas E., and Sanford D. Greenberg. The Presidential Advisory System. New York: Harper & Row.

Cutchin, D. A. Guide to Public Administration. Ithaca, Illinois: Peacock.


de Solla Price, Derek J. Little Science, Big Science…and Beyond. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986.

Devitt, James. “McCarty Sees Partisan Battle Over Bush Administration Appointments.” Columbia News, 2001.

Dickinson, Matthew J., and Kathryn D. Tenpas. “Explaining Increasing Turnover Rates Among Presidential Advisers, 1929-1997.” Journal of Politics 64, no. 2 (2002):434.

Dickson, David. The New Politics of Science. New York: Pantheon, 1984.

Donilon, Thomas, and Norman Ornstein. “The Confirmation Clog.” Foreign Affairs, 2000.


Editorial. “Building an Administration.” New York Times, 14 December 1975.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix I Bibliography." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2005. Science and Technology in the National Interest: Ensuring the Best Presidential and Federal Advisory Committee Science and Technology Appointments. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11152.
×

——. “Conflict of Interest Standards.” New York Times, 19 January 1969.

——. “No Way to Run a Superpower.” Nature 424, no. 6951 (2003): 861.

Edwards, George C. III. “Why Not the Best? The Loyalty-Competence Trade-Off in Presidential Appointments.” Brookings Review 19, no. 2 (2001):12-16.

Ezrahi, Yaron. “Utopian and Pragmatic Rationalism: The Political Context of Scientific Advice.” Minerva 18 (1980):114.


Fasanoff, Sheila. The Fifth Branch: Science Advisers As Policymakers. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990.

Federal Employees Pay Comparability Act of 1990. Web page, [accessed 16 September 2004]. Available at http://www.usaid.gov/policy/ads/400/467.pdf.

Federal Government Statistics. “Latest Federal Government Statistics.” Web page, [accessed 13 July 2004]. Available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/fsbr.html.

Federal Government Statistics. “Nomination Logjam Cleared.” Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report 43, no. 42 (1985):2111.

Federal Interagency Databases Online. Web page, Available at http://www.fido.gov.

Felzenberg, Alvin S. “Fixing the Appointment Process: What the Reform Commissions Saw.” The Brookings Review 19, no. 2 (2001):17-21.

Fisher, Louis. “White House Aides Testifying Before Congress.” Presidential Studies Quarterly 27, no. 1 (1997): 139.

Freeman, J. L. The Political Process. New York: Random House. 1965.


Gerhardt, Michael J. The Federal Appointments Process. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2000.

——. The Federal Appointments Process: A Constitutional and Historical Analysis 2003.

Gill, Jeff, and Richard W. Waterman. Solidary and Functional Costs: Explaining the Presidential Appointment Contradiction.

Gilpin, Robert, and Christopher Wright. Scientists & National Policy Making. New York: Columbia University Press, 1963.

Goggin, Malcolm L. Governing Science and Technology in a Democracy. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1986.

Golden, Sheldon. “The Federal Appointments Process (Book Review).” Political Science Quarterly 116, no. 3 (2001):486.

Golden, William T. Science Advice to the President. New York: Pergamon Press, 1980.

——. Science and Technology Advice to the President, Congress and Judiciary. New York: Pergamon Press, 1988.

——. Worldwide Science and Technology Advice to the Highest Levels of Governments. New York: Pergamon Press, 1991.

Good, Mary, and John McTague. “Remove the Roadblocks to Government Service.” The Scientist 15, no. 3 (2001):4.

Greenberg, Daniel S. “The Bush White House: Science Advice Still Out in the Cold.” Lancet 357, no. 9270 (2001):1773.


Harshbarger, Scott. “Congressional Testimony.” Improving Presidential Appointments Process, Federal Document Clearing House, Inc., 2001.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix I Bibliography." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2005. Science and Technology in the National Interest: Ensuring the Best Presidential and Federal Advisory Committee Science and Technology Appointments. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11152.
×

Heclo, Hugh. A Government of Strangers: Executive Politics in Washington. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1977.

——. “The In-and-Outer System: A Critical Assessment.” Political Science Quarterly 103 (1988):37-56.

Hess, Stephen. First Impressions: Presidents, Appointments, and the Transition, Washington, D.C., 2000. The Presidential Appointees Initiative, a Project of the Brookings Institution funded by The Pew Charitable Trusts.

Hiskes, Anne L., and Richard P. Hiskes. Science, Technology, and Policy Decisions. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1986.

Horn, Constance. “The Politics of Presidential Appointment: The Old and New Culture of Job Seekingin Washington.” Impressions 4 (1993):20-24.

Hough, Henry. Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions in Executive Departments During the 107th Congress, 2001-2002, 2002. Congressional Research Service.


Ifill, Gwen. “Clinton Wants Wife at Cabinet Table.” New York Times, 19 December 1992.

Ingraham, Patricia W. “Building Bridges or Burning Them? The President, the Appointees, and the Bureaucracy.” Public Administration Review 47 (1987):425-35.


Jones, Charles O. Passages to the Presidency: From Campaigning to Governing, Brookings, 1998.


Kauffman, Tim. “The New Reform Agenda: Congress Takes Up Bills To Overhaul Pay, Personnel Rules.” Federal Times, 7 April 2003.

Kurtzman, Lori. “Political Appointments? No Thanks.” Washington Post, 15 January 2001, sec. A19.


Labiner, Judith. A Vote of No Confidence: How Americans View Presidential Appointees, 2001.

Lancaster, F. W. “Science and Politics.” National Forum (1990).

League of United Latin American Citizens. “LULAC Disappointed with Lack of Progress on Hispanic Presidential Appointments Calls on Clinton to Take Action.” Web page, July 1997. Available at http://www.lulac.org/Issues/Appoint/Appoint.html.

Lewis, Neil A. “Clinton Expected to Name Woman Attorney General.” New York Times, 11 December 1992.

Light, Paul C. “The Breaking Down of Presidential Appointments.” The Chicago Tribune, 11 April 2001.

——. “The Glacial Pace of Presidential Appointments.”237, no. 66 (2001):A20.

——. “The Other March Madness.” Web page, April 2002 [accessed 14 September 2002]. Available at http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0411/p09s02-coop.htm.

——. “Presidential Appointee Initiative.” A Vote of Renewed Confidence: How Americans View Presidential Appointees and Government in the Wake of the September 11th Terrorist Attacks, 2001.

Light, Paul C. and Sherra Merchant. “The Brookings Presidential Appointee Initiative.” Web page, 2003 [accessed 14 July 2003]. Available at http://www.appointee.brookings.org/about_PAI.htm.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix I Bibliography." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2005. Science and Technology in the National Interest: Ensuring the Best Presidential and Federal Advisory Committee Science and Technology Appointments. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11152.
×

Light, Paul C., and Carole M. Plowfield. “Problems on the Potomac: How Relocation Policies for Presidential Appointees Can Help Win the Talent War.” The Presidential Appointee Initiative, 22 March 2002.

Light, Paul C., and Virginia L. Thomas. “The Merit and Reputation of an Administration: Presidential Appointees on the Appointments Process.” The Presidential Appointee Initiative, 28 April 2000.

——. “Posts of Honor: How America’s Corporate and Civic Leaders View Presidential Appointments.” The Presidential Appointee Initiative, 10 January 2001.

Lynch, Mike. “Government Wages: Earnings of Top-Tier Presidential Appointees.” Reason (2002).


Mackenzie, G. Calvin. The In-and-Outers: Presidential Appointees and Transient Government in Washington. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press, 1987.

——. Innocent Until Nominated: The Breakdown of the Presidential Appointments Process. Brookings Institution Press, 2001.

——. The Politics of Presidential Appointments. New York: Free Press, 1981.

——. Starting Over: The Presidential Appointment Process, 1997.

Mackenzie, G. Calvin, and Michael Hafken. Scandal Proof: Do Ethics Laws Make Government More Ethical?, 2002.

Mackenzie, G. Calvin, and Judith M. Labiner. “Center for Public Service Report.” Opportunity Lost: The Decline of Trust and Confidence in Government After September 11, 2002.

Mackenzie, G. Calvin, and Robert Shogan. “The Report of the Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on the Presidential Appointment Process.” Obstacle Course, The Twentieth Centruy Fund Press, New York, 1996.

Mackinac Center for Public Policy. “When Politics Trumps Science.” Web page, Available at http://www.mackinac.org/article.asp?ID=6803.

McConnell, Grant. Private Power and American Democracy. New York: Knopf. 1966

Mervis, Jeffrey. “Panel Cites Barriers to Government Service.” Science 289, no. 5488 (2000):2256.

Michaels, Judith E. The President’s Call: Executive Leadership From FDR to George Bush. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1997.

Miller, Jon D. The American People and Science Policy. New York: Pergamon, 1983.

Mills, C. Wright. The Power Elite. New York: Oxford.

Minority Staff, Government Reform Committee. Politics and Science in the Bush Administration, 2003.

Musell, R. Mark. Comparing the Pay and Benefits of Federal and Nonfederal Executives, Congressional Research Service, Washington, D.C., 1999.


National Academy of Public Administration. The Presidential Appointee’s Handbook, Washington, D.C., 1988.

——. Recruiting Presidential Appointees: A Conference of Former Presidential Personnel Assistants, Washington, D.C., 1984.

National Academy of Sciences. Science and Technology in the National Interest: The Presidential Appointments Process, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 2000.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix I Bibliography." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2005. Science and Technology in the National Interest: Ensuring the Best Presidential and Federal Advisory Committee Science and Technology Appointments. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11152.
×

National Women’s Political Caucus. “Presidential Appointments.” Web page, [accessed 14 2004]. Available at http://www.nwpc.org/fact_presappt.htm.

New, William. “SCIENCE: Democrats Try to Further Concerns About Science Integrity.” National Journal’s Technology Daily, 19 May 2004.


Office of Government Ethics. “Post-Employment Conflict of Interest Restrictions.” Federal Register 68, no. 32 (2003):7844.

——. Report on Improvements to the Financial Disclosure Process for Presidential Nominees, 2001. To the Committee on Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Government Reform of the House of Representatives.

Office of Merit Systems Effectiveness. Human Resources Flexibilities and Authorities in the Federal Government, U. S. Office of Personnel Management, 2001.

Office of Personnel Management. “Guide to the Senior Executive Service.” Web page, [accessed 8 September 2004]. Available at http://www.opm.gov/ses/sesguide-staffing.asp.

——. Transition to a New Presidential Administration: Employment Guidance for Agencies (2000):15-16.

Office of Personnel Management. “Transition to a New Presidential Administration: Individuals Appointed by the President.” Web page, [accessed 8 September 2004]. Available at http://www.opm.gove/transition/trans20r-ch3.htm.

Office of the Executive Clerk, The White House. “Presidential Appointments.” Web page, June 2001 [accessed 14 September 2004]. Available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/release/2001/06/20010628-5.html.


Panel on Presidentially Appointed Scientists and Engineers, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine. Science and Technology Leadership in American Government: Ensuring the Best Presidential Appointments, National Academy Press, 1992.

Politics & Science. “Manipulation of Scientific Committees.” Web page, [accessed 9 February 2004]. Available at http://www.house.gov/reform/min/politicsandscience/method_committees.html.

President’s Commission on the Federal Appointment Process. The Report of the President’s Commission on the Federal Appointment Process, Washington, D.C., 1990.

Prime Numbers. Chronicle of Higher Education 47, no. 20 (2001):A10.


Raines, Franklin D. “A Bipartisan Plan to Improve the Presidential Appointments Process.” Testimony Before the United States Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs, 2001.

Randall, Ronald. “Presidential Powers Versus Bureaucratic Intransigence: The Influence of the Nixon Administration on Welfare Policy.” American Political Science Review 73, no. 3 (1979):795-810.

Relocation Benefits for Federal Employees Transferred Between Official Stations. Federal Register 66, no. 224 (2001):58202.

Report of the National Commission on the Public Service. Urgent Business for America: Revitalizing the Federal Government for the 21st Century, 2003.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix I Bibliography." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2005. Science and Technology in the National Interest: Ensuring the Best Presidential and Federal Advisory Committee Science and Technology Appointments. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11152.
×

Ripley, Randall R., and Grace A. Franklin. Congress, the Bureaucracy and Public Policy. Homewood, Illinois: Dorsey, 1980.


Schott, Richard L., and Dagmar S. Hamilton. People, Positions, and Power: The Political Appointments of Lyndon Johnson. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983.

Schultz, Stacey. “No One at the Helm.” U. S. News & World Report 133, no. 4 (2002):58.

Seidman, Harold. Politics, Position, and Power. 2d ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Senate Report No. 95-170, at 21-22. reprinted in 1978 U.S.C.C.A.N. 4237-4238.

Shogren, Elizabeth. “The Nation; Researchers Accuse Bush of Manipulating Science.” Los Angeles Times, 9 July 2004, sec. MAIN NEWS, p. 11.

Smith, Bruce L. R. “The Advisers: Scientists in the Policy Process.” Washington, D.C., 1992.

Sullivan, Terry. Repetitiveness, Redundancy, and Reform: Rationalizing the Inquiry of Presidential Appointees, 2001.

Superville, Darlene. “Congress to Limit ‘Acting’ Terms.” Associated Press Online (1998).


Task Force on the Confirmation Process. “Report of the Task Force on the Confirmation Process.” Congressional Record (1992):1348-52.

The National Commission for Public Service. Urgent Businesss for America: Revitalizing the Federal Government for the 21st Century, 2003.

The Presidential Appointee Initiative. “Demographic Data on Bush Appointees.” Web page, February 2001. Available at http://www.brookings.org/news/handout2.pdf.

——. Staffing a New Administration: A Guide to Personnel Appointments in a Presidential Transition, Washington, D.C., 2000. The nonpartisan Presidential Appointee Inititative, a Project of the Brookings Institution funded by The Pew Charitable Trusts.

The Presidential Appointee Initiative: A Project of the Brookings Institution. “To Make A Difference.” 2003.

The Report on the National Commission on the Public Service. Leadership for America: Rebuilding the Public Service, Washington, D.C., 1989.

The United States Commission on National Security/21st Century. Road Map for National Security: Imperative for Change: The Phase III Report of the U. S. Commission on National Security/21st Century, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 2001.

Transition. “Building the New Administration.” Web page, [accessed 1 August 2003]. Available at http://www.gwu.edu/~action/buildtime.html.

Trattner, John H. The 1997 Prune Book: Making the Right Appointments to Manage Washington’s Toughest Jobs. Washington, D.C., 1997.

——. The 2000 Prune Book: How to Succeed in Washington’s Top Jobs. Lanham, MD: Madison Books, 2000.


U. S. Congress, Senate Committee on Government Affairs. Presidential Appointments Act of 2002, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 2002. report to accompany S. 1811, 107th Cong., 2nd sess., S Rept. 107-152.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix I Bibliography." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2005. Science and Technology in the National Interest: Ensuring the Best Presidential and Federal Advisory Committee Science and Technology Appointments. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11152.
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U. S. Congress, Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs. Presidential Appointment Process: Reports of Commissions That Studied the Staffing of Presidential Administrations: A Summary of Their Conclusions and Recommendations for Reform, Washington, D.C., 2001. committee print, 107th Congress, 1st session.

——. Presidential Appointments Act of 2002, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 2002. report to accompany S. 1811, 107th Congress, 2d session, S. Rept. 107-152.

——. The State of the Presidential Appointment Process, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 2002. hearings, 107th Congress, 1st session, April 4-5, 2001.

U. S. National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. The 9/11 Commission Report, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 2004.

U. S. Office of Government Ethics. Public Financial Disclosure: A Reviewer’s Reference, Office of Government Ethics, Washington, D.C., 1996.

——. Report on Improvements to the Financial Disclosure Process for Presidential Nominees, Washington, D.C., 2001.

U. S. Office of Personnel Management. Federal Civilian Workforce Statistics: Pay Structure of the Federal Civil Service As of March 31, 2001, U. S. Office of Personnel Management, Washington, D.C., 2001.

U. S. Office of Special Counsel. Political Activity and the Federal Employee.

U. S. President (Nixon). “Executive Privilege: Statement by the President.” Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents 9 (1973):253-55.

Union of Concerned Scientists. “Scientific Integrity in Policymaking: An Investigation into the Bush Administration’s Misuse of Science.” Web page, February 2004. Available at http://www2.ucsusa.org/global_environment/rsi/page.cfm? pageD=1322. Cambridge, MA.

United States House of Representatives Committee on Government Reform - Minority Staff Special Investigations Division. “A Case Study in Politics and Science.” Changes to the National Healthcare Disparities Report, 2004.


Voinovich, George. “Update the Long-Outdated Approval Process.” Roll Call, 2 June 2003.


Weiss, Rick. “HHS Seeks Science Advice to Match Bush Views.” Washington Post, 17 September 2002, sec. A1.

Wolanin, Thomas. Presidential Advisory Committees. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press.


Your Congress. “Congressional Record.” Web page, May 2002 [accessed 14 September 2004]. Available at http://www.yourcongress.com/CongRedLookup2.asp?section_id=553848&dir=u. transcript of Senator Patrick Leahy speaking on the obstruction of presidential appointments.


Zink, Steven D. Guide to the Presidential Advisory Commissions, 1973-84. Alexandria, VA: Chadwyk Healey, Inc., 1987.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix I Bibliography." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2005. Science and Technology in the National Interest: Ensuring the Best Presidential and Federal Advisory Committee Science and Technology Appointments. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11152.
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Court Cases

Federal Advisory Committees

Berkowitz v. U. S. 1988.

Branti v.. Finkel, 1980.

Cargill, Inc. v. U. S., 5th Circuit, 1999.

Chevron, U. S. A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, 1984.

Doe v. Shalala, D. MD., 1994.

Fertilizer Institute v. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, D. D.C., 1996.

O’Hare Trucking Service, Inc. v. City of Northlake, 1996.

Pauley v. Bethenergy Mines, Inc., 1991.

Public Citizen v. Department of Health and Human Services, D. D.C., 1992.

Public Citizen v. National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods, U. S. App. DC, 1989.

Rutan v. Republican Party of Illinois, 1990.

Sanchez v. Pena, 1998.

United States v. Varig Airlines, 1984.

Presidential Appointments

Buckley v. Valeo, 1976.

Edmond v. United States, 1997.

Silver v. Postal Service, 1991.

Legal References

Federal Advisory Committees

10 U. S. C. Armed Forces.

12 U. S. C. Banks and Banking.

14 U. S. C. § 193. Advisory Committee.

15 U. S. C. Commerce and Trade.

19 U. S. C. § 1330. Tariff Act of 1930.

19 U. S. C. § 2211. Trade Act of 1974.

2 U. S. C. § 437(c). Federal Election Campaigns.

20 U. S. C. § 2004. The Congress.

20 U. S. C. Education.

21 U. S. C. § 379. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

22 U. S. C. § 287. International Bureaus, Congresses, etc.

22 U. S. C. § 4605. United States Institute of Peace.

22 U. S. C. § 6203. Establishment of Broadcasting Board of Governors.

28 U. S. C. § 455. Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

28 U. S. C. § 991.

33 U. S. C. § 982. Navigation and Navigable Waters.

36 U. S. C. § 152603.

39 U. S. C. § 202. Postal Service.

39 U. S. C. § 3601.

41 C. F. R. § 102.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix I Bibliography." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2005. Science and Technology in the National Interest: Ensuring the Best Presidential and Federal Advisory Committee Science and Technology Appointments. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11152.
×

41 U. S. C. § 251. Public Contracts.

42 U. S. C. § 10703. The Public Health and Welfare.

44 U. S. C. § 3318. Public Printing and Documents.

45 U. S. C. § 154. National Mediation Board.

47 U. S. C. § 154. Federal Communications Commission.

47 U. S. C. § 396. Corporation for Public Broadcasting.

48 C. F. R. Part 2.104 dated February 1997, Procurement Integrity. “Instruction and Information Memorandum.” 1991. OER 91-1/DCG 91-2

49 U. S. C. Transportation.

5 U. S. C. 552(a), P. L. 93-579 45 C. F. R. Privacy Act of 1974. 1982.

5 U. S. C. app. § 2. Federal Advisory Committee Act.

5 U. S. C. Government Organization and Employees.

5 U. S. C. § 1201. Merit Systems Protection Board, Office of Special Counsel, and Employee Right of Action.

50 U. S. C. § 401. War and National Defense, Congressional Declaration of Purpose.

P. L. 92-463. 1972.

S. 1001. “Regulatory Procedures Reform Act.” 1995.

S. 291. “Regulatory Reform Act.” 1995.

S. 343. “Comprehensive Regulatory Reform Act.” 1995.

S. 746. “Regulatory Improvement Act.” 1999.

Presidential Appointments

15 U. S. C. § 7211. Commerce and Trade, Establishment and Administrative Provisions.

18 U. S. C. § 207.

18 U. S. C. § 208 (regarding financial conflicts of interest).

18 U. S. C. § 209. Crimes and Criminal Procedures, Restrictions on Former Officers, Employees, and Elected Officials of the Executive and Legislative Branches.

3 U. S. C. § 105. Assistants and Services for the President.

3 U. S. C. § 106. Assistants and Services for the Vice President.

3 U. S. C. § 107. Domestic Policy Staff and Office of Administration.

41 U. S. C.§ 423. Public Contracts.

5 U. S. C. app. § 101. Executive Departments.

5 U. S. C. app. § 102. Military Departments.

5 U. S. C. § 3345-3349. Government Organization and Employees, Acting Officer.

5 U. S. C. § 5311-5316. Government Organization and Employees, Executive Schedule.

5 U. S. C. § 5318. Government Organization and Employees, Adjustments in Rates of Pay.

5 U. S. C. § 5376. Government Organization and Employees, Pay for Certain Senior-Level Positions.

P. L. 106-293.

P. L. 107-296.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix I Bibliography." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2005. Science and Technology in the National Interest: Ensuring the Best Presidential and Federal Advisory Committee Science and Technology Appointments. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11152.
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In 2004, an ad hoc committee was charged with preparing this third report examining the most senior S&T appointments to federal government positions and updating the accompanying list of the most urgent S&T presidential appointments. Sufficient changes have occurred since the National Academies 2000 report on presidential appointments—including the 2001 terrorist attacks, the anthrax deaths, the reorganization of homeland-security activities in the federal government, new developments in S&T, and concerns about the politicization of S&T decision making and advice—to warrant this new edition. In contrast with previous reports on the subject, this one covers not only presidential appointments to top S&T leadership positions but also the appointment of scientists, engineers, and health professionals to serve on federal advisory committees that focus on science-based policy or on the review of research proposals. The committee recognizes that other areas of federal responsibility are as important as S&T, but S&T appointments are the only ones within its purview.

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