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Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the United States (2005)
Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (HPDP)

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329
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Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the United States

on CAM use, 31–32, 40, 44–45

Cochrane Library data, 132–140

cultural considerations, 43–44

on dietary supplements, 28, 272–274

gaps in CAM research, 146–151, 161

MEDLINE data, 130–132

national surveys, 6, 152–154

for outcomes research, 76

recommendations for, 6, 10–11, 145–146

sentinel surveillance system, 154–155, 159–160

sources of CAM information, 1, 58–60, 66, 103, 130, 161

Declaration of Helsinki, 174–175

Definition of CAM, ix, 16–20, 40, 44–45, 64

value judgments in, 174

Definition of health, 210–211

Department of Health and Human Services, 7–8, 29, 222

Department of Veterans Affairs, 7–8, 23, 222

Depression, 64

Diabetes, 46

Diagnostic classification, 126

Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (1994), 4–5, 20, 59, 190, 257–260, 271, 274–275, 280

Dietary supplements, 18

adherence issues, 61

advertising claims, 58–59, 258, 260–261, 263

consumer beliefs, 256–257

consumer characteristics, 254–256

definition, 257–258

drug interaction risk, 13, 23, 35, 270

good manufacturing processes, 266

label claims, 260–262

NIH research activities, 28

off-label use, 261

patterns of use, 13, 35, 44, 253–257

quality control, 4, 5, 265–270, 274, 280

recommendations for regulation and research, 4–5, 274–275

regulation, 4, 5, 190–191, 256–260, 263–265, 270–271

research, 272–274

safety, 265–272, 274

spending, 35, 253

See also Herbal medicine

Dietetic practices, 43–44

Dose-response relationship, 100

Double-blind trials, 126–127

Drug interactions, 13, 23, 35, 270

E

Echinacea, 133, 262, 266

Ecological model of health, 210–211

Economic status of consumers, 41–42

Education and training of health professionals

for AIDS/HIV research, 244–245

in CAM modalities, 237–238

CAM training in medical schools, 17, 22, 226–227, 230–237, 248, 279–280

career development grants, 151

core competencies, 228

in geriatric medicine, 242–244

model programs in research training, 150–151

NCCAM funding, 24

in practice-based research networks, 158

rationale for CAM instruction, 228–230

recommendations for, 8–10, 248, 249–250

for research, 9, 239–245, 248–249

standards of evidence for research and, 100–101

trends, 226

Educational attainment of consumers, 10, 41, 42

dietary supplement use and, 254–256

Effect size, 98

Effectiveness of treatment(s)

acceptance of new therapies and, 196–198

AHRQ evidence reports, 141

attribute-treatment interaction analyses, 3, 118

basic research, 120–121, 147

challenges in CAM research, 103–105, 108–111, 115–116, 123

Cochrane Library data, 134–140

conventional therapies, 17–18, 145, 230

criteria for establishing cause-and-effect relationships, 99–100

determinants of, 79

disincentives to CAM testing, 173, 273–274

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329