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Implementing Health-Protective Features and Practices in Buildings: Workshop Proceedings
IMPLEMENTING HEALTH-PROTECTIVE FEATURES AND PRACTICES IN BUILDINGS
WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
Federal Facilities Council Technical Report #148
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu
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Implementing Health-Protective Features and Practices in Buildings: Workshop Proceedings
NOTICE
The Federal Facilities Council (FFC) is a continuing activity of the Board on Infrastructure and the Constructed Environment of the National Research Council (NRC). The purpose of the FFC is to promote continuing cooperation among the sponsoring Federal agencies and between the agencies and other elements of the building community in order to advance building science and technology—particularly with regard to the design, construction, acquisition, evaluation, and operation of Federal facilities. The sponsor agencies are the:
Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
Department of the Air Force, Air National Guard
Department of the Air Force, Office of the Civil Engineer
Department of the Army, Assistant Chief of Staff for Installation Management
Department of the Army, Army Corps of Engineers
Department of Commerce, Office of Real Estate
Department of Defense, Defense Facilities Directorate
Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration
Department of Energy, Office of Engineering and Construction Management
Department of Energy, Office of Science
Department of Health and Human Services, Indian Health Service
Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health
Department of Homeland Security, Customs and Border Protection
Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Administration
Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Coast Guard
Department of the Interior, Office of Managing Risk and Public Safety
Department of Justice, Facilities and Administrative Services
Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command
Department of State, Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations
Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Facilities Management
Architect of the Capitol
Environmental Protection Agency
General Services Administration, Public Buildings Service
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Facilities Engineering and Real Property Division
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Building and Fire Research Laboratory
National Science Foundation
Smithsonian Institution, Facilities Engineering and Operations
U.S. Postal Service, Engineering Division
As part of its activities, the FFC periodically publishes reports that have been prepared by committees of government employees. Because these committees are not appointed by the NRC, they do not make recommendations, and their reports are considered FFC publications rather than NRC publications.
For additional information on the FFC program and its reports, visit the Web site at www.nationalacademies.org/ffc; write to Director, Federal Facilities Council, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Room 944, Washington, DC 20001; or call 202-334-3374.
Printed in the United States of America 2005
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Implementing Health-Protective Features and Practices in Buildings: Workshop Proceedings
FEDERAL FACILITIES COUNCIL
Lt. Gen. Henry J. Hatch, Chair, P.E.,
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Retired)
William W. Brubaker, Vice Chair,
Facilities Engineering and Operations, Smithsonian Institution
Patrick Barry, P.E.,
Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agriculture
Tony Clifford,
Division of Engineering Services, National Institutes of Health
Will Colston,
Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations, Department of State
Capt. José Cuzme, P.E.,
Division of Facilities Planning and Construction, Indian Health Service
Jesus de la Garza, Ph.D.,
Division of Civil and Hazard Mitigation, National Science Foundation
David Eakin, P.E.,
Office of the Chief Architect, Public Buildings Service, General Services Administration
Ramon Garcia,
Facilities Engineering Division, Customs and Border Protection, Department of Homeland Security
James Hill, Ph.D.,
Building and Fire Research Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology
Eugene Hubbard, P.E.,
Facilities Engineering and Real Property Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Michael Kastle, P.E.,
Office of Managing Risk and Public Safety, U.S. Department of the Interior
Ben Lawless,
Facilities Division, Air National Guard Readiness Center
Raymond Lynn,
Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Capt. Jay Manik, Commandant,
U.S. Coast Guard
Robert L. Neary, Jr.,
Office of Facilities Management, Department of Veterans Affairs
John Nerger, Facilities and Housing Directorate, Assistant Chief of Staff for Installation Management,
U.S. Department of the Army
Ralph Newton, Defense Facilities Directorate,
Department of Defense
Dale Olson,
Office of the Civil Engineer, U.S. Air Force
Wade Raines,
Engineering Division, U.S. Postal Service
James Rispoli,
Office of Engineering and Construction Management, Department of Energy
Bruce Scott,
National Nuclear Security Administration, Department of Energy
Stan Walker,
Shore Facilities Capital Asset Management, U.S. Coast Guard
Jim Woods,
Office of Real Estate, Department of Commerce
James Wright, Chief Engineer,
Naval Facilities Engineering Command, U.S. Navy
John Yates,
Office of Science, Department of Energy
Staff
Lynda Stanley, Director,
Federal Facilities Council
Richard Little, Director,
Board on Infrastructure and the Constructed Environment
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Implementing Health-Protective Features and Practices in Buildings: Workshop Proceedings
BOARD ON INFRASTRUCTURE AND THE CONSTRUCTED ENVIRONMENT
Paul Gilbert, Chair,
Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade, & Douglas, Seattle, Washington
Massoud Amin,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
Rachel Davidson,
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
Reginald Desroches,
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta
Dennis Dunne,
California Department of General Services (Retired), Sacramento
Paul Fisette,
University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Lucia Garsys,
Hillsborough County, Florida
William H. Hansmire,
Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade, & Douglas, San Francisco, California
Henry J. Hatch,
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Retired), Oakton, Virginia
Amy Helling,
Georgia State University, Atlanta
Theodore Kennedy,
BE&K Engineers, Birmingham, Alabama
Sue McNeil,
University of Illinois, Chicago
Derek Parker,
Anshen+Allen, San Francisco, California
Henry G. Schwartz, Jr.,
Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
David Skiven,
General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Michigan
Michael Stegman,
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
William Wallace,
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
Craig Zimring,
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta
Staff
Richard Little, Director,
Board on Infrastructure and the Constructed Environment
Lynda Stanley, Director,
Federal Facilities Council
Michael Cohn, Program Officer
Dana Caines, Financial Associate
Pat Williams, Senior Project Assistant
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Implementing Health-Protective Features and Practices in Buildings: Workshop Proceedings
Acknowledgments
The Federal Facilities Council thanks the workshop participants for giving generously of their time and for sharing their expertise, views, and opinions through briefings and discussions. Mr. Bill Brodt of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Mr. Richard McCrone of the Department of Veterans Affairs, Dr. James Woods of the Building Diagnostics Research Institute, Dr. Craig Zimring of the Georgia Institute of Technology, Mr. Derek Parker of Anshen+Allen, and Mr. Dennis Dunne of the California Department of General Services (retired) deserve special recognition for their efforts in planning, organizing, and bringing the workshop to fruition.
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Implementing Health-Protective Features and Practices in Buildings: Workshop Proceedings
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Implementing Health-Protective Features and Practices in Buildings: Workshop Proceedings
Contents
Executive Summary
1
1
Workshop Summary
7
Definitions, Standards, and Metrics for Indoor Environmental Quality,
8
State of Knowledge: What Do We Know About How Building Design and Operations Affect the Health of Nonindustrial Indoor Workers, Hospital Patients, Students, and Others?,
8
Barriers to Knowledge Dissemination: Why Do Organizations Fail to Implement Building Features and Practices That Have Been Shown to Improve Indoor Environmental Quality?,
9
Methods for Improving Knowledge Dissemination: What Methods, Strategies, and Practices Could Be Used to Overcome Barriers to Implementing Health-Protective Features and Practices in Buildings?,
11
Practical Actions That Could Be Implemented by Those in the Building, Health Care, and Other Industries to Improve Indoor Environmental Quality,
13
2
Indoor Environments and Occupants’ Health: What Do We Know?
15
What Do We Know About the Relationship of IEQ to the Health of Building Occupants? How Certain Are We of These Relationships, That Is, What Is the Source of This Knowledge?,
15
About the Presenter,
20
3
Health-Protective Features and Practices in Buildings
21
Introduction and Problem Statement,
21
Current State of Knowledge About Building Systems and Environmental Controls,
28
Barriers to Improved Building Performance,
33
About the Presenter,
35
References,
36
4
Lighting: Research and Findings
39
About the Presenter,
43
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Implementing Health-Protective Features and Practices in Buildings: Workshop Proceedings
5
Environmental Issues in Health Care Design
44
Children’s Hospital Health Center,
46
Convalescent Care Hospital,
48
Bronson Methodist Hospital,
48
Clarian Methodist Hospital,
49
About the Presenter,
51
6
Implementing Health-Protective Features in Buildings: Practical Actions—Case Studies
52
Federal Courthouse and Office Building,
52
Renovation and Addition to an Existing High School,
53
Corporate Headquarters,
54
Office Building,
54
Residential High-Rise,
55
Building Program Approaches for Implementing Health-Protective Features,
56
Organizational Learning,
56
About the Presenter,
56
Appendixes
A Workshop Agenda
59
B Workshop Participants
61
