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OCR for page 93
Biological Science and Biotechnology in Russia: Controlling Diseases and Enhancing Security
Appendix D
Main Goals and Objectives in Combating Infectious Diseases in the Russian Federation1
The main goals of health care agencies and institutions, as well as of the State Sanitary Epidemiological Surveillance Service of the Russian Federation, in the field of combating infectious diseases, are as follows:
by 2010, eradicate measles within the framework of the measles eradication program
keep diphtheria incidence at a sporadic level and prevent severe clinical forms of the disease and resulting mortality
by 2010, reduce mumps and rubella rates to a level of not higher than 5 cases per 100,000 population and the whooping cough rate to no more than 10 cases per 100,000 population, and eradicate maternally-transmitted congenital rubella syndrome
by 2010, reduce the viral hepatitis B rate to no more than 10 cases per 100,000 population and eradicate cases of infants becoming carriers
implement organizational and practical measures within the framework of the global World Health Organization (WHO) program for polio eradication
by 2010, reduce ascariasis rate by 80 percent within the framework of the WHO implementation strategy
prevent incidence of localized cases of malaria
within the framework of federal- and regional-level programs, stabilize the epidemiological situation with regard to socially conditioned infectious dis-
1
Translated from the Russian by Supernova Translations.com.
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Biological Science and Biotechnology in Russia: Controlling Diseases and Enhancing Security
eases (HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted diseases, tuberculosis) and reduce mortality and disability rates resulting from these diseases.
The main objectives of healthcare agencies and institutions, as well as of the State Sanitary Epidemiological Surveillance Service of the Russian Federation, in the field of combating infectious diseases are as follows:
increase the effectiveness of the system of epidemiological monitoring of infectious diseases through universal use of computerized information analysis systems and monitoring of the environment, and through collective immunity of the population
develop regulations and procedures regarding the prevention of infectious and parasitic diseases
implement federal- and regional-level programs to ensure the sanitary and epidemiological wefare of the population
within the framework of the national vaccination calendar, improve the vaccine-based prevention system for infectious diseases and achieve vaccination rates of more than 95 percent among children
on the basis of the “Prevention of Nosocomial Infections” concept, develop regional programs and take organizational and practical steps for their implementation
strengthen organizational measures to combat infections emanating from natural environment sources and, most importantly, ensure timely implementation of steps to reduce the reservoir population and number of carriers
continuously monitor the spread of influenza viruses, ensure their timely delivery to the Federal Influenza Center of the Ministry of Health, and incorporate new strains of the viruses into influenza vaccines
formulate a plan of activities to develop regulatory and procedural documentation and review existing sanitary rules and prepare new ones governing organizational, preventative, and epidemiological activities for specific nosological forms of infectious pathology
increase the public awareness campaign to foster individual and collective compliance with infectious disease prevention measures
take necessary steps to upgrade laboratories in treatment and prevention institutions, as well as in state sanitary epidemiological surveillance centers, outfit them with modern equipment, and introduce advanced methods of clinical detection of infectious disease agents (polymerase chain reaction, etc.)
increase scientific research in the diagnosis, etiology, treatment, epidemiology, and prevention of infectious and parasitic diseases
expand the scope of R&D activities in order to:
develop new rapid methods and means of clinical detection of infectious disease agents
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Biological Science and Biotechnology in Russia: Controlling Diseases and Enhancing Security
create vaccines for rubella and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome as well as a comprehensive meningococcal vaccine
create new-generation vaccines, including live recombinant vaccines employing virus vectors produced using genetic engineering, live polyvalent antiviral vaccines, and DNA vaccines
synthesize chemical substances and use them to develop new disinfectants, insecticides, acaricides, and repellents
create technologies, equipment, and devices for sterilizing medical instruments and other hardware. In doing so, focus on products made of thermolabile materials and on new means of monitoring the effectiveness of disinfection and sterilization.
SOURCE: Onischchenko, G.G. 2002. Main Goals and Objectives in Combating Infectious Diseases in the Russian Federation. Epidemiological Situation and Basic Directions of Activities for Its Stabilization. All-Russian Congress of Epidemiologists, Microbiologists, and Parasitologists, Moscow, March 26-28. Ministry of Health, Moscow, 55-56. Reprinted with the permission of G.G. Onischchenko.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
infectious diseases
