National Academies Press: OpenBook
« Previous: Chapter 1
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 17
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 18
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 19
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 20
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 21
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 22
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 23
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 24
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 25
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 26
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 27
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 28
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 29
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 30
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 31
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 32
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 33
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 34
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 35
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 36
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 37
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 38
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 39
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 40
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 41
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 42
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 43
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 44
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 45
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 46
Suggested Citation:"Chapter 2." National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11385.
×
Page 47

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

~2 ~ ~~ In, +~ I' ~~ 41 2~ ~~ If, ~~ ~ ~~ Animal Environment, Housing, and Management ~ ~ 71 ~ 57 ~~ BRIE AN 73 r11° 1 E1 ~ ~~ e 1 ~ ~ $. ~ 2511!94 °J76!5~1Aa~ 3~71 $3 ~~Q 7~78~ it Algal =~oi Ezra Mat Iraq =~ ~~ d~ U,Jil 7~17~r;~1ql USA ARC. T71 OD23813lqI ~e] 21lF 01~ *43P ~q1713[ =2151703°1 T°121~ o,~:jL 7e~q O 0~ T 741 R°1~ U`~ ~ ~ T7F 0.~. ^1~ ~0&3 0 7; 71~ ~ ~ - 7.1 At of* l~el~ .~1315-8qlAl In ~ ~ 0~ 71~oilAl~ ~ ~~ug~ Id "] °1°~ Oo}7e94 ~tt~7t 7~°~. 7~7~L;1 ~~ ~~7n ~q347g 3~70. Tip. ~* 07J eg ~~ ~71 $]olA1 my to norm ~~°R°) ~1 o ~~ 7R~ ~3g ~ ~~ _ 70 ~ AoU3, IS. ARM. Am. 70q. 7670~g ~ 7R~3,~ =m ~ O ARM Who| A174~, ~747~, Me ~74;g I o~31t ~7~ ~Je~7j~ 04 TO 7lUeAt*, ~~At~g] OiT O T74 (housing) 91 Me 7~3,~ ~1 o O °~l~l~e(enrichment:~ol ~°J~, CHINS 0J7~74~ Em T $9,\t ~70 0 ]~71 $1~ u:~7a 717g 37Z1: °A7! T)5!I ~013 O4TST Z~ O ~ ig ~ e ~3 ~ ~ 51 Ae ~i3 7R ~i ( ~ Ao AJ, Y~ Am, ~—. I D . $ ~ ) 0 Al~70~ ~-i ~1 ~ 7tofl~ 70a~ O ~ e 1~ ~S~ Ail~ AC~ °iT O *~ ~ *71 7~ o~°17= ~8 ~r8~ Aat~^l, thd°~ ^,gzfl^oil 71°~J ~a~o1 ~1~= A>~Q1O! ~, At~iAoO| °le ~ ~ t~ 7R~ 71~ =4~ °1T71~ '~° ']*i8~. ~=zi|l~ T71~ ~JZl7~7t 7R~°1F of ~, ~(IACUC)7t = 7~T~ ~ol~Jrl o`~i T54AIS!1 91711~ ~ moi1 ~6ioflA1 7a7o0~rfl' 7~; Al$ 71~7A ° i~ ~ ~ T~ 214!81 ~ ~. 1 ~ 0 91 ~ ~ 1 =2|~011A1 A ~R ~94iSJ 71°1=, O11~Ofl~ T~ ~e;!7R °A171 ~R~olrT 015!F 7~l ~ 5~7Oaa 71~ ;54~e°trl~ ~a7}~ ~5'1 ~70 At~ D~ ~ql 7A~o~ 7y~7a °~! ~Do71~ ~r~ i Sl o~ ~oql ~°lAl. ~ m~R77121 ~ 'fl~=Oll~ ^|84i~7Aq1 7Ai}~$ fl ~*A1 ~ 21 ~$t70ql 7~74~ ~°1 ~ 82|qfl *~ . Z D ~ ~qfl 7il ~ ol ~ ~ ~ At~ ( °r *~fl ~ ~e 521 At§, Sa ~ Ae ~D . ~ °A T2J liF 71~. ~i79~7Ao`! ~eJ~o4~ w)qfl ~8RA1~ 7,61~71qfl,fl ~ +~,~ 7.401 ~r~ 7eqlAle a~J7A0~ ~D~qfl ~i8~ ~7A ~70* ~J~ 31

D - ~ ~~ ~~ and 1. ~17~ Its (Physical Environment) 1-1 ~;oj=le! ~~ cow Aim (Microenvironment and Macroenvironment) ol~;~ ~73(microenvironment)01~ Idol i51l~ 7~ ~73o =~. 1~° ~°ll~ll ololAl ~~ ~7~(primary enclosure)°~ ~~ ,~. my; Din I:R71~1 7~ ~ O=7P~ ~~° FEZ ~Ao(!~. °lA(Z] ~76(secondary enclosure)°JQ1 CEIL ;~70~- At - l ~°<J:~ okays - ° =~ ~7~(macro environment)°l*M ~ 71ql ~~ =~ol~e!53 =5 ~7o~0l 0~7e~5~0l ~r1*~ ~;~lol abut °~q 347Dol Olaf ~t73~ 7~ ~= 7gT71 .°~ I ~7.3521 and it* °.~ - In ~ 0~ ~ ~o q ~1 w}O] ~ ~ ~7ci ~ ~ 709 o1 ~ D ~. OD +~71 ~ ~ 5fl q A1 ~ ~ ~ D>ol =; i5! ~7<4 ~ ~ . ~ ~ 7~ °l7.~} ~7e*~ ~ ~J ~ D1 ~ ~73°11 ~11;~D\! ~ ~ mA1 = ~Et~rl(Besch 1980: Flynn 1959: Gamble and Clough 1976: Murakami 1971: Serrano 1971). D~ol~ ~7gofl ~I°1A1~ 711~-~ FIAj~ Aa~47g 71157~ ~e~°fl ril~ 7~T~OOfl tj9~ 7~ o~ (Broderson and others 1976: Schoeb and others 1982: Vesell and others 1976). 1-2 T~ (Housing) 1-2-1 °e71 ~7g (Primary Enclosure) ~ 7fl°171. 5dRpen: T~°1 $~ $~ °47~t T). ~8 ^~(stall: =~7~01 0~1:7~ oi 7.t T) ° ~o1 7~i ~ ~73 ~ 7fl ~h~. g°J~ 0e7t ~70~ 1~34 7~r) O oQ7A J ~°n ~ ~a~7g. ~a~ ~7~(~. ~. Afl °*A1 70~7A°J ~74 =9 7fAflq *71 70$09 UL*A1~= (!^ ) ~ ~1~-3 7! O ~7z!~ R ~ ~ ~73 7Jcfl ~7J5!1 At~7 7iA3 ~34 Al °e91 ~oi~ °l 7~ 71 O £~o1 7~ ° 7<'7e61 ~ 7,]~ ~d Aol rfl <5 *71 {t T ~ ~ ( o ~ o ~ R ~0ql ~*) 0 7A7e~ ~717t *71~e 7,1 O ~°1 7R~3 ~ 71- 7~0—1!i~L ~ol ~T740~3 ~o1 ~T7154 ii~~. Afl7ool ~ol~ 7i! 0 ~*ql7~1 J7J~ 7,~ ~o1 ~ =<}7171~. ~11°171~1 7R ~ A~ 7J7gofl ~ol~ A| 7t 710|~ AtM 7 13~71~ T i~l~ 7§ O ~qfl 7fl ~71 ~t ~ T ~e cfl e1~ ~ A1 ~ ~ £~714 ~ ° 7i) O ~ ~CRot7.1 ,°~ ~ ~to1 7~ 7i) ° -t ~7i ° ~!71 si ~;$ 707e*xl ~ 7 7e81 ~ T 3°le 7R ~ ~ Aqot s 8 ;'R~6I~A1~ ~3T~ ° ~. &~7.~0~71 `~ rd71l4 m^J~. ~717i ~012| o=~ ,~q~Q~ +£o1 7~7sitl~ °e7R~74 ~ol 3rr7L. m^15|71 `~37. 737Ae73| 74°~30R ~ z7't°171~4 ~ o1 7~71~ ~ ~ 71 ~e ~ 7~o ~ ^7R ~ 7A| 74~. ~R ~ ~7 0 7.~ QzR~ 7~e (AR~ °l§~e ~ol ~ 797e~ 7~70 ~ ~ °~ T ~__ (~: ~ °~ =~ o£) ~7J ~R(Perch). £o~ e3°13~. 7~704. ~q| o|~ T ~r~ ~'R~ ~71 ~ ~7}~7t ~oF71 ~RFql 3~717 _~ 32

~ 2 ~ ~1 If. TO ~ ~~ It ~e°7t °^,|~ °~.i~ ~70 8 ~ ITCH *~54 Whole Tam Ig aim. *~ 1~11 81~ll3. $3~tt~ e~ij0~* ~o1~711 Em. - F71q A`~ 717.~7'3~ *~ 7.1 7~. c, ~ ° D_~Aj ~ TO 7t .°~1 0 D [Z Tip ~71 ~ Ike. T71Ql o=3~oe ITS 3tol7.l~ ~71~17( ~~ ~D3301 I, filter-top cage ~ 0 7. 3 ITS ~L733~e t1 In ~ =: q7~1- T). ~71A] 711ol771, 0 0 D_ 3 c . (isolator), (cubicle) T01 Glow OouJ~oe 01;~ 7 ~°1 71~ 0 ~o1 7J°n ~= ;~10171 ~701 e°l~' a71 e V'78~ 7eUo39| 3tA~ Uof7~lE0l~ Jo| ~ 1 J 1 ~ 1 Ql _ 70 e o,3, ~ ~ :) °3 ~ u3 71 °] OR ~~ Ti7 IS!| ~ ~ ~ ~ 3 TV:. ~T~ A,3,7,§ . +~ USA - D A' ~~ ~~ Al ITS ~= USA 1~DI D~3n01~10,3nAl A14~rJl-q-, ~L} ~°1 Repot| 7.~7i~ ~°8 3'~101e V-3017.1 rue ~3'ol^1~ ~~ iaZeol~7,3, *71~ T 71~. ~1~ IF at, a~(T615) 7n'ol;c1 ~ o1 43~1 Dro'3, 7~ aA101 ^1 ~ O1 lil ~i] ;51~ 7= o A| Al Bi3, 1;: :1 Em (Fullerton and Gilliatt 1967: Grover Johnson and Spencer 1981: Ortman and others 1983). 34~A1. ^871~oll^l~ Amp ~ ~ Q got ~101i2l7t 41 ITS 71 And at' l ~ Add. ~~!F~71 77~o|AlT CEDE J ~_e ~'1747Z1~ 793,017|7t 704^o=~i4~ °.]T~—- Poll 035^l8tiZ1 .°~ 7,ilv .°,.1°~. °3 Cal ( IACUC ) ~ Matte| 7A,~ 5!| Pitt 0 e Ad o1 D ~ 7D4 ~ . ~OJ ~ 0 ~ 7} 1-2-2 ~ tAl^83 Arty Q=~IA1^8 (Sheltered or Outdoor housing) In Id'- 3alOeir7J(barn). (corral), U0~70~(pasture). ^D(island) 'a a ol*aJ C' 53 A~$0| ~~7a0J °e7i} At-Q~~70 fr~oe ANT OATHS. I -- al e 87.1 £3 is, 7,4 01 D ,=tr~ ~~ =-l(run)ol~ 51!!(Pen) arm °r51~ Hi,= ~E[D~o4A1 AN Look 7~ 71 ~el~7d 0 e Tel 5| ~~ ~ ~—ot71 - °3, °R 79 he if ~ ~ - al C- 13, Q OF T~O1ol: aft UPS ~~ Or, 7O~An~71, UJoe 0~1 AD3~1~ Ae~71~71~ ~38 ~ T. 7 1 78 ~ 313, ~70~+ ~ 7~3' AS Daft ~ QA1 ~ at e e Eli ~ ol set ol §~ f AI ~ ' r USA fed o1 7.3' °) end ~~ ~~ o~i.3,~ Sr~Uok2l TV' ~is3,titcc, i]7A~, $~1(house), Afresh (den), ~71(box). ~1~(shelf). ~ (Perch) -Ed 3 71T~ TRY: ~= 9°0£3735 use Al ~^J.74 01) At$~!3, U~UD3 O e ~ A,3,70A ;4 Con 71- idol ~1; ~ °= 71 e 74 7~ ot ~~ QQI Al $ Al HE 5!1 ~$°|Lt 7^1~Q $1 so ~1 0 $~°R Ye Fat 7a$ Aq 71 L 1 amp Or. aft ~g ~ En . 7~7=, 7~1 ~ TI T. *At 78 1: ~ ~Lol.T~ 7j~ 01 ~~ ~°3 338 * 1 ~ C'f 71 a-'; ~7~1 Sol 7.1 ~ 'r datum tol ~ 33Rfil ~ i! 7A1 73 ~~ 33j$ old| 21 1Tu,jQ 7~°~70OII 7D~ 7.~=e f 7^1°1°t ~1 *A171 417°3°t QQ51, Alms| ~ o 7 °~! ~e] F 70~—DRAG ~ ~ "Q Aim Ed ~ ~ ,3 ~01 ot ~~ O ~~ ~ 7~ eQ Q5^1 A~$AIAD3 On DJ°D3 ~ 70 $ 7417=U~'5ir°n Am ~ ~ f 71~ ~ =~71 7q (acclimation period) ~ ~704~r~ O Sol f orate D3~07,taAl73,l ~ ADOS if °^A=~ Ott u70aOl~ felon, At§ ~ 70~7il~ ~40177lOn 7'—I ~~A17~- 0 Ed—ASO31 u3 ~~ Aid Am ~70 DQ ~ ~3' Jet. O Ad ~ ~ °11~1 ~ ~~ 71 Hi d: Q— 70A 33

~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~l~l O =~ ~ Who ol~°l ~~ 0J7~ Or ~~q 1-2-3 7~00~1°l ~7J (Naturalistic Environments) ~31~= ~91 *71 dam 70 ~~ 7g7V~ ~7~^ ~l~of7.lDJ m OR 004~t~ 7170!'tt~ ~ 7;A1 *mum ~~ O o1 ol ~ At. al ~ ~ ~11~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ 11 ,~7l0' ^~0~= ~7~=,01 <}~. ~~* Z>7~7~71L! 73~1~ 70+ 7~ ~~ 7R~R~J °~1E} 797810q Din| ~ °~ ~~3°R°t ~~ §~ Aria ~~ ~ JO 7gol71L} o,] O plod ~ ~1~* ~u ~q 1-3 ^1~7J°II ~7t,;IEI (Space Recommendations) ~°R711 gL9~ ~q~o7J0\le 7~ n°'lol ~Q]7tt ~ ~1 ~S!l iq~ol~ ~r~ 7goJ^V ~-ot~ 79Q ~7'1 °~. ~°~ 047lqq +7R~ ~7Jqn ~71~Q 7~ ~7 (t~ 74~q' 71~ T~ 74AD~O~O~ m81 °~7 oJ ~Aj~ At - Q~78q| 7 §~ ~Ro|~| ~Zl~Al ~7o>Al~ov ~0~. ~1°17'1 ~ol~ 07~ - ~ =~ ~ ~ 7'1 ~ ~ (enrichemnt) ~ *T~ kR ~C1 o 7,~ *~ol 03 ~ 7~1 ol §~ 7iq] °5 8~ VQ D1 ~ ~ D1 ~ ~ 'Q ~| Ut ~ 87g ~ v ~ ~ | ~ ~ ~ ~ v ~ ~ 1 ~ ( Thigmotactic" Rodent: ~DJ^V 7~DJ^1 ol~ wA@QV 7~7J ~7.1~ 067, T). ~ D~71~(°~T ~J~$ ~+ol~ New World primate), ~ol~l~ ~7~7~1 DJ=~ 7~,(~70~1:01~ ~7~1)=v D1 ~0~ 7~ .~(Anzaldo and others 1994; Stricklin 1995). ol~ 7rt01 ~| ~4DJ7ADJ 7|~ 7410l7.l~ =7lqn ~J 7.1 ~Q 767115~:;<l ~, ol ~4ql lRel~ e 71~A1~ F~Y=57~1~D(AWRS)2 —~( T 1 D ~). g'7] ~| i<1 ~ o£~1 ¢+S~ 71 ~7g °J T71 ~91 ~ ¢~0 ( a8~ £D~] ~} 7~4Cg] ~ 61. 1 J o *. ~ ~ 1~ ~ _ T71 ) ql ~ 7D4 159 ~ 3~} ~ 704 0~ 7A °1 :~T4, *~91 7ii 7g'AD~D(, ~ Ag . ~ ~Q. eD ~, ~ o£, ~7]Sll ol ~ J~ v ~E4~R ~ 0 ~1 ~r ~ ~ ~ l4~ e ^1 ~(animal-Performance index)~ ol8~o4. ~ o£~ ~7JQv A~o4~. o~378~71° ~1 ~ol —4~£01 v T ^.~37 704^D7goJ 7.~4.1* ~ T ~le ~i~ ~7J ol 7~ °t 0~71 At~51 45~ 7.~*~o1 ~4~ o7J0l ~ S1~U4, ;7~7~4~ ;~Qv ~8 7,4 j!~Ct1 ;~oi ~A] vQ aj4~ ~M =Q~1 °5 T 71 ~; $ iS~ ~ o5°l ~ O ~ ~ ~n °l 71 Js] ~ ;~ql ~ ~ o 7~t v v71 ~. ~ Q ~ ~y~7J ~: ~ ~14, ~ 74~ ~°|-rr°lA1 1; ,~ ~ 01.~ Al O 7JO1 U1 T *o>~1 ~ D5 ql A1 £o ~o1 ~°~81 v T 1~e ~A~ O 7J54 C 7 ~ D}l 14D,~74,~ 01T~ 7~14T~\—11~. ~, =3T*. ~AJAo~ ~ ~S!| o1 0 o|l] Fi ~ r ~7~1 ~ 713L~ ~l~v ~Q ~D`~7 ~ olT£! ~—p~ °J~ °tzR 71^1~ ~91 o~q ~709j oZivQ ~70it ~e5??o =;) 7 ~703~"Oq' ~61lAl~ 08 ~L^~ 71ttQ1 7 9~lqnA1 70~~ ~(IACUC)~ ~°]vQ °e ~ ol~ ~Ale ~ ^1 °J ~ ~J r o£~7.1~ 3 (AWRS)J oS o ~a~70A~ (PHS), v 71~J (74T 1 73~)~e 7,|01 ~ef°1~3~. 75~Al~7g 0 ~ ~1]—oto'3o) iSJ~ 76~7|~ ~7J ~0~3 7A1;] ~1AJ 71= *~5!| AJi'7 - 703 o£~7m A~7g 95L =j~ ~e~o73l~sLl -r70~ 7~ 1 95Z-ol~~ ~ '~ 1~ J9~ °~(Crockett and others 1993, 1995 i3~) ~ 1 {25L~ ~7JQv °vl71 910tCl ~ ~Dt,O 7~,~571;. Ol=Oi740t irl.~ A]~s717k!Z| 73 ~El, 7r~Q 701-71A1~o47315~A1S!] 14~=v 7D\°J~0?3 7-5 $1 ql ntTO] ~D87~ ~ :~o 7A 7A ~7~1 ~ 70 ~- o67on A}~ ~ '£ ~ - ql qqaJ T7|~78=V ,Q~i~e 7....4 Y5 71 il°l 71~e 34

nt$^ 71~1~ a cm2=in2 x 6.45 b cm=in x 2.54 (~old ~~°IIA1 ?31°1;~1 ~1~ - oli7~1-l 71~1) c Olga Al T71~ ~1~ Few 7~09! ~971 9iQ 4 Ad. ;qz ~ art/ At, zip A' ~1 ~E2.1 Tie °IQ~ ^'~° ~~I.r~ AM Iq~ 207,~7;l~ ~~(g) _ '10 1 5~71 25~7 25<' <100 200~ A| 300~7 400~7 500<' <60 . 80~71 100~71 100<' _ ~ 350 350<' ULNA ~ /nIE1 a cm' 38.70 51.60 77.40 96 75 < 109.65 148.35 187.05 258.00 387.00 451.5< 64.5 83.85 103.20 122.55 < 387.00 651.45 < . ~ ~°1 | cm in 12.7 5 12.7 5 12.7 5 12.7 5 17 8 7 17.8 7 17.8 7 17.8 7 17.8 7 17.8 7 15.3 6 15.3 6 15.3 6 15.3 6 17.8 17.8 _ . ins 6 8 12 15< 17 23 29 40 60 70 10 13 16 19< 60 101 77 a] ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ of *, ~ ~ ~ 7tot~ ~ 9] £~71 ~ I. o] 71 A1 ~T7.1 I -ql ~ Aid $~ ~ dug, Ad, i,!l*° ~~ *HIS ~~ at Add =3t al 7~ :gZ!~ Mold Alto] zq:~, ~ol77 ~71~ FOUL 9~ 7~n1~l<q f 1~ ~ ~, A~ ~O1 °~: ~8, 707~1501~ ~ . 72$00 7~=Z4AT$~, 81 ~a ~o AF7QUPO]O) OIA1n,J, °151 7Z4~ AT$O1 °R~ ~ D70~1 11 Al JZ ZR~ 1 ~nJ- 01Ll~- ~0n7n ~la j~ $1ril~ m^1 °~C 7.401 7J7117F ~i~(Brain and Bention 1979). ~a~. T2~4 Po`jo4~: 71o6~7.|n] ~Al$QI 7J$0I,~ 7R~AF $a' ~1~a1 ~ n|E1~ ~ T51 ~ ~C7J°1 7 °1 ~ 31°1~. ~ ~8 ~ O ~ Al$51 ~°47;1 ~R~§1 ~ ~ ~FEI~ C 7J°1 7R~IAT$5I 7D$~ °47J 7 ~ ~i~l~ °~ 7 O~ 7~717F ~ ~A4Bi~ 7~ °!ER ~ A13~ i(4AO~O1 °~1 011— ~aZ01 ~- ° T°] 7J 0 7J5~ 0 'T~ 04~ O-~ ~z7~1~ ~R^1~ At°1 7t ~sg Ao~tR ~ ~OtA1 ~4ql ~~ ,g" ^1 e 71TR°l ~d ~Al~71~ =~°~ ~al^1 ~7J~ 1}~1 ~;s~(White 1990: White and others 1989). ^. °d. 4;~o^~ T~* ig~ oj~'sz ~oin~ 5!nF~1~X4 71~R71~ Ale ~z] 81~. ~:~. 7R~n°' ~ T:Fe71~ ~tA1~ oli,1 7f^| .~9 ~ol~ *31t 7~01 ~ 0 e Al~o~ o 7gSa~== o 7n~71 ~ oF°] ~91 0 7~ ~ 5 7.1 1;: o,~t ~qn ~E'~A1~ 70~4°,~ ia~ 7,~n~ ~A1~7l ~e T~;i~ ~ol7t '0~ 79 ; 517:t. ill 1A1 4 1* git ~—1~ ~ l ~EltR~ 21~ 4 11 7Pl1LF ~ 17 =' T~ Z ~ t}~ ~f 71 ~ ~ ~ ~F~ o l *~ ~ ~ ~ ~, i ~ 7t °| ~. 0] ~ ~ °4 ~ ~ 35

4~ ~~ ~~' ~IJ ~2.2 ~;71, =°~°1. 7H. I ~ ~~ ~7~7;1 e 71 ~ Ool ol 7Id _ ~~olxc-f _ (em I:) 1 T 3 WILT 7 _ ( ~ $) T 3 _ ~1~71 g ulg'3j ~7 c0.~25 ma 1. 577~71 3.07/171 3,0c' _ a m = 0.09 x fat ~(kg) <2 47171 5.47471 5 4< C c4 4cc '15 3077171 30cc 3~47 1074 2577171 30771 71 30c' 2077171 3577171 35<f - t~ 7q i11~ - m2 , g 274 0.36 0.45< oo3267< . 0.72 21iO68< 0 27 0.39 80 ~5.942 1.35 0.9 1.35 2.25 0.08 0.03 8.8093 0.18 0.27< ft2 1.5 3.0 4.0 5.0< 3.0 4.0< 8.0 12.0 24.0< 1.6 76.2 76.2 81.3 91.5 10.0 15.0 10.0 15.0 25.0 0.80 0.25 0.25 0.50 1.00 2.00 3.00 ~r°l cm l 35 6 1 35.6 1 35.6 61.0 61.0 50.8 1 76.2 1 76.2 1 81.3 1 91.5 1 116.9 1 116.9 1 1 139.7 1 152.4 1 213.4 1 1 m 14 14 14 14 24 24 20 30 30 32 36 46 46 55 60 84 - cm=254xin(~.g~ol7~l~ = ol~ YF~A1 ~de~ `°1~71~ 71~) al ~ ~ all Idol i71 ~ ~'~ ~7J_G_ 7} Job ~ ~ of 01 ~1 ~ ~ At. ~1 ~ ~go1 ~°~ ~1~ ~. ~Y7l~og ~'0' ~o1 ~ ~Ad °~= ~ o 'J~ 7~^Jol ~ +~ 7~ol i~l ~ ~1~ T~ ~7g (CFR 1985) ol;<l~l ~o|7~ ~g~7A~ 7.~g~ ~ *71~ T ~°1* 7i~ + ~=D~0(ft2)°l 78~ ~m C,,A1 7;'~15!1 al ~T~Al91 71~1 (in) +6 in Sl 2~* 114~ ~= im°R dl*~ 7~* SLIT~ -o! ~ io1 ~. e DH~Yli;(Callitrichidae) 77e1z~}7pil~oi4(cebidae). 7R~9d~0l^(Paplo). ~q9J w°1~(Cercopithecidae), Di~(Baboon)8 ~= ~:o1~ —~ 9,8~01A17f igS:~ T ,°,IT) f Oc`F~ 7 Dl ~ wol ~ (firachyteles) . 7J ~sJ gol ~ (HYlobates). A) DJ ~ ( Symphalangus) . Q ~$~Y, (Pongo). ~AI ^(Pan) w~ ~ol =* '9olA1 9RC1~1~1 iS~°ll DRit~ r:R. ~17F ~=C11 ~71 ,o~'~ ~ol7F ~s; g 9,g~ o1 A1 ~| = ol ~= r;~ ~ ~i ~ o 7~ a ~ T ^~ 36

~2~ ~~. ~'~4 ~ 2.3 - ~ T ~ A ~ ~~ ,' ~ ~~ ~ iT?17; 1 ~ TT/T~ opt of 1 2-5 5c R71 1 2-5 5c ~R~(kg) /= m ff <25 50 50< <25 50n4~1 50< '25 50~71~1 50( <15 25i7~7.l 5071~1 100~71 200~71 200 <D C25 507~1 100~7 200n~:~ 200cb c25 50~z1 100~1 20071 200< 0.9 1 35 1 8 0 77 1.13 1 53 0.68 1 02 1.35 0 72 1.08 1.35 2.16 4.32 5 4< 0 54 0.9 1 8 3.6 4.68 0.54 0 81 1 62 3 24 4.32 10.0 15.0 20.0 8.5 12.5 17.0 7.5 11 3 15 0 8.0 12.0 15.0 24.0 48.0 60.0< 6 0 10.0 20 0 40 0 52.0< 6.0 9.0 18.0 36.0 48 0 01~4~ "crew ~0|71~ m7~0~ °l§~ti. CURER DR~71't =~ ~R$~ 017~ ~~°> ~~ ~~@ ~ 7~ Aims ~~7~1~t it)t^171~ 7~01 ~61. iql74 TOM of tt~ inch 71~biof 8~71~J ~~(IACUC)~ (~°~T 7R ~~ 70~on row +~1~ iE7t^I~ ~97t °1~+ 2 1' OFF old ~A1~H~ iT°' ~ A~$88 70T~ ~~°' ram 71~ol~ 7R A~$~ 7~ $ ~~ OR Viol ~^1~ Tile I ~ 70 $' o 7~ 71 ~~ ~ 71~ 2 2~ 71E} °I~J~°] En ~~ and ° ~ 7R~At*A1on ~~8J o7J0l Hi ~°1 ~. liT~7~qR ~l~(enrichment)~E ~°U~ DR~ ~A1~! °1^J~ ~RiF At$~ D~ ql ~ o 7~t5R ~ 7R ~ 717t ~ ~ °~. i ^~$ ~_A1 7R ~At$~ ~ol ~ ~ ~ ~ °~ i17~ ~qlAl ~ ~ ~ Ag ~7J~ ~o, ~+ ~ ~im~ A~$~73 ~ql 71~ T~ A]~ 37

^1910~1 ~1~ ~4~ ~~ ~1~&' iF2.3 - 2 Ted ^~o£| _ 7~1 o;:t' 1 i ~~ 41 ~ ~~' q/~E18 TT/T~ (kg) m ft 1 <75 2.16 24.0 200~71 4.32 48.0 35077~7'1 6.48 72.0 5°°77~7.1 8.64 96.0 65077~7~1 11.16 124.0 650' 12.96< 144.0 2-5 <75 1.8 20.0 2007717~1 3.6 40.0 35077~7~1 ' .4 60.0 500771 7.2 80.0 650 7~7~1 9.45 105.0 650< 10.8< 120.0 5< <75 1.62 18.0 200~71 3.24 36.0 350,7~ 4.86 54.0 5007~7~1 6.48 72.0 65077~71 8.37 93.0 650' 9.72< 108.0 12.96 144.0 1-4 < 200 5.4 60.0 4< 200' 6.48< 72.0< a rn2=o~o9xft- b Olaf amok =7~ WHO ~?.'l~ 7~ ~o7F 07 ~ TO 07q ~ 2.3 - 1.2~ ~c4!'11 IT °1~ `_ 7~071 r~R77-~ 0 7~°~77~ 7g C A1~,°~ 7~ e 1 - ol~. .~,Ur$0|~7~O771 ~;~17-7~ Olson 701~g Am= ~~ql711e O 777~ T77r~ ~ ~ 7> ,O,~ ~ 7~01~, ~~$07,7A1 ~ At-3 ~ Reboil 777 ~ ~ T ^|~ 07~ 7~h4(Larson and Hegg 1976: Midwest Plan Service 1987). 1-4 I TO (Temperature and Humidity) 7~ o Sol OR 7~7 ~777 7 17-8 71 577 OR Ad ~ ~7,7 9 01 707 g77~i #77 ~ *71 ~77 or °7r 7-~7~ he 7~7q o :i~e 29.4C(85'F) °1~. ~4 4.47v-(40.F) 017b7r5~ , I 07,7 - ~7~. ~D] 07r7_7* U7 7i~}~77r 7o)7774 V~Tr-7l 5 7~7~ 7~ 73073.30| 7°1~ ~~¢ ~9) 77-g~ o71 BOOS 387

3; 2.4 ~17 ~ ~~£owOl| qlt:h 7~T£~ x1~1 £ ~ :~ 72+ Qua: DIm^, FIG, god, ad. 71 ~ ~ 18 - 26 64 - 79 i71 16-22 61-72 ~°<,~°1. 7R. I 18-29 64-84 7~. ~~ 16-27 61-81 ~°17~1 Cook °~c~ close ~Et\!| T °^lm(Gordon 1990). D' Bed °~]Eito1 AoD 4~ I ~~ TBi 1 ~ ~ And AoflE171~ ~E484~ 71~9 ~4=oi0 Alkyd Add! id= of ~o=~71 A it~ql~ ^17~ 0~. hi. =0 $~8R ~~711~4tR~91 7J3~ O== n ° r°173~ ~ 41~QI 7.1Xil~ WEFT ~~£ AA~(Garrand and others 1974: Gordon 1993: Pennychuik 1967). (t7O~ ~ Ao~ 8~£~ A1*~o1~ 7R°171~ ~7~1°dql °dlo~ ~G~ O=i~ ~7 o 73 A o A O z=, 73 0 7 ° Q qR Oo3z Q T °lql 1 0 1 ql <}~ 1* 17i} t~ o T I ~A~. . ~ yRol7l!2l 7R~e~ +~. ~El~ At*, itt ~oli~l~S!1 ~T. T=~O~~ 70~7~71!i! ~rT ~ iil~t ~ ~ ~i~1 7R~e ~ 1 AA~. ~T~ ~. T~ TG~ ~o3°~. ~e°l °~ ~A1~. Ol~l~T~ ~Er] 1 o7~ 4t o 8£~ i" 711 {t~. A: ~ ~S E4q| ~E~ Q~ ~ ~ °1 ~= ~ ,_ ~A1 DJ o1 ~70~ ~ER ez T~ . °e~ ~70~11~ ~A4 ~ tR~ T AA ~ ~ ~ AA~. ~ip;~7,301 ~Ei1 i~Rol~l 0~:iL7t °1m°;74 ~A1 ~—=e )!~7~91 ~54 o~ 7|~ETO] T~ *~°1~ ~=qR ~ZJ 78YQ~ ~ 21~ eQ 44^oE~ ~lq ( ~ 2.4). 7~1~! 71IqA1 AT*S] .~ *~ql ~oRAl~ .Q~QI ~qR ~4 o71 S]~ CR~ ~ O~O 11 ~AI7171 ,°~" °e°e Q,~ ~;EZ °47RE;~°) ~ ~rR~SI °47R~ 3e~ °~;~1~ Q~D.~ °47R~°1 ~;~1 ~°2ot~ ~. 814= Q 30-70%ol~. ~ 2.4q' iF ^1 ~ ,Q~ ~,Q ~ ~ °~o~. 7~°.~70 q1~ ^~$~! °~0 ~* ~Q A17R£1 ~.~ql ~ oQ °~71 $1°' ~Q~1~4~5~M °~ ~ql7R~ i48~71 °~Q~ T~ ~. 1-5 ZA471 (Ventilation) ~ i] ~71 ~ ~ ~ Q ~ ~rO 3ti~1 D~ 7171 ~ O ° ij!=E1 ~E~= ~TE~ 7'47]oi=' 7~ ^~ · 0~7't~ Q~3~7G~^ ~A ~D] Az]L8~71~ 71~ ~7e°~. ~ 7 7;~ Aa7~ 70$qR~ °~!7r9i~ g7.~ ~oiq~ 70O47 d_~ r11 qR Iq . -7 81 Ll ~eM191 ~71~ f g ~AOa ~ cRA1 ~°1 At ~Q~ ~ A° e7F tt70 1-R ~ ~71 7t ~ 70a Ei~S1~ ~ f o~ o G ~ Di01 ~ ~ ~70 ~ ~7e "= ~ w 7,48 op4~. 1_ o=521 ~71 01~(71~)ol ~7f7~;Qa ~Efzil~ AO 4z47a °az~O:== D1A1~A1~ ·RT A1 =~7~ ~7.1 ~. ~e~qR ~ol ~. o 71~ Oo`~ ~7A' AoAo~ ~ ~ ~4~ 3R D~ =. ~ OG 7F ~70 ~R ~ ~71 ql c Zo Q~ T—~ D~O1 ~ ~ ~70 ~ ~ e ~ ~$ 717t ~!~. =~-R-ST 72= 017} tt70S!1 ~714AJAO\A1~ ~R71~9l ~c6R~ Sq-Alql lR~ OG7! ~70~1 f aR°e ~A1 D~ Zo64 ~o~ ~7117t °e71 ~70~R~ ~71~ 0 41~ T—~ ~zl~ Q(t1. ~E1 ~e 2= o1{~E~oi Oemol. ~ o 71Y4 J R d~ tt~^l71D.l,1 °1 ~ Fl 0~) ~Q ctA4Ei~ °e7f D~ ol j-~t ~73DR~ ~71~ i4i'4 -I 39

~?~1 ~~ ~~ ~~ i4~J 871~ f ^;1~ 31ol~(o4. Hughes and Reynolds 1995: Reynolds and Hughes 1994~ If). 01~ ~7Oql N1~ ^1~ ° and And o 71ql self A|7J~ 10~15~91 ~717f Q ~~°d ·~o1 71~: °~-~uJ~°J 71iE° ~A1 Ott ,,|~. ^~2, "~ ~A1~2Oll^1 ol 8 ;4 BILL 0,,lAlDJ, 02T~91 ~ ~31 =~ =71. f~f91 Sol. ~3191 0 ~1 ~° H|ol7l ii~~uJ~ ^~$~2~ —Sol ~ old 3~73_~TE1 2~ tt76 I;;: ~ g°1 "o ;4 ~ ol °,1771 °— 41 i5!, USA ~ ° TE1—2~ 71~ ~ ~181} ° ~ ~1 7191 ~ol At$53~M 59.:;~1 ~°18 °1~ ~70°11 ~°~154 3~71~ ol~ ollul7l~l ~'D 74q, ~i2 ~f~ ~ol At$~ °1~ ol~ ~70qlAl ~717t ~ ~^o>~°li 4171!2l ~1Q ~E88~ ~7117~ ~ot} 7~ol >~1t 29~ ~71~78~ ~ 70a~8l °~71 ~o~3Ale ~ 02Toto'3' °1~ ~+ ~71 0i,3~ o ~ o~ ~/~° i3 ~A|)~ 717~3,*~ ~7~ ~23* °]ol A~8J 4 1tO220~ rDl~7to2~74~7l~-A~34(Arnerican SoCietY of Heating. Refrigeration. and Air-Conditioning Engineers: ASHRAE 1993)ql ~lbil ~7§ o~ ° ~ ~3,~J~ f °~. ol o~ ~rq ~°~ol °1~ ~°2~0;3~711= 7a~ °1~ mo4o]Al At$~ f ~ ~f~ ~ol 2~ O 02~ ^2~lFVdq|A1 <1~§1~ O2O C1~ fx1~ 02T~ ~ ~ m~ 7;31OI~71 936ll =29~ ·c~724(* ~74Tot, total cooling load).= 793,AJ~iOi~y3, ~^ ~ap ~71 - ~ f ~ ol ~ ~ 7 T~ 7.3,~'3~ ~ ~71~f a ~ ~ ~7~k3 5'1 ~a AT$~ f o~xl(~ ~20~ ~A1)~ ,;3,~ ~ql~ 7A§ °15!| ~.~& ~AJo ~ O2!21 ~7= ~ "471ql ~1 ~ ~it ~ ~ l~f ~1*= ~71 O2i~(a|lergen), °37~ ~2O1~ ~At0,3, ~ 7~ ~2 ~o 3;l 0J7~ 731ol~71 ~3'A1~ ,3.1A]~1= ~ ~717t 25~27~1~ ~.2~. 8 3~+ ~71~f7t ^t^2~ ^17J~ 15~ °l~°li:lq£ ~ `~°.|~ ~°' ~1* 71~1f~ 2 ia f °A1T; ~ iE131~ °q3 ~ aQ ~2 `9 £ °~ ol ~ ~70~ ~71 ~f7t ~7700 ~ o1 °~1~ 70 Tq| ~ ~70 ¢7~* it3.72 ol *71 ot71 $1 03 S] Aa ~ ~ ^'i'~ 2 ~70 ~7 ^~+ ! 731~ 4 ~2 ~ 7} .~3. 2 +£ .°.~1~ t. o 71 ~ -~2E1 0|~ 70~731 ~7l ~1 T=4 ~ll ol71 ~ m£ii3 ~71 i~ <1 ~ ~ ~ _ o ( 2~ 7191 * 3 1 ~ . ) ~ °1 go~ °e ~ ~70 O1 £if3 ;~71 !; ~ ~ °171 °~ 73 ° —~ 1q ~70~ 3~71~7Jo] ~!;:17.1 ~1*£ ~ql7h .°~°3lA1 =29~ $~71~ 53q —/2~M s3£ ~ °2q ~70 0 ~TE1 Oo~54~ °2~El =~ $1~R o|:4 ~703ql~ ~ ~ 4~71 7i 32~ $'~, ol ~f ~ tt703 ql Q°~. ~}71 i~ $] ~ O4 71. . 74~ O132~:~:1 71- 7 - i,2 501 mV1!;30] >.1°~ °1i~ 3~7051 o~ql E1F~ o71~ ol§\t f£ °~ 2 :~1 ~51 At~ q1 ~r At§!~ ~ 70i 7 i31 ~71 7t °4 ~_ -=e 61 T =4 911 ol 21 q3l Al ~ 4~ 71 7 t 731 ~J ~°1 ~2,1~. ol~ ~50~71 $]o;3'A1~ ~^a~. ol~ ~70L4s1 j3,0l2l5~ 3Rx1. ~i3~0121 V2£*~ ~q]A1 Al+~E]ql S; 20O1 ~2 ~ ot~, ~i-1 D e!~ ~o1 ~ ~51 ~70 ~7~01q 2 ~A) O 7R ^~1 4 f ~1~. o~25~' ~7lq3 ~( o71~ ol§~ ql—l71~ Ao~TiiC1 ~2O~ f °~71V] ~64 ~8J~ ~o3~i3l5] qlT=~ o 71 ~ 7~50v~ ~ ~! ~rq3, T~40~ ir317~!;] ~ e! ~ f ~Zl v£~^J~= 73101~= 71~- ~71 ~741(heating. ventilation, and air conditioning system: HVAC: olO5f ~7~1i~ °41})~ 71i8~i_ vn71~, ~2~°°v Q] $11~Ao4 ~ T~7q ~. 7Ro|~ ~ ~3i3,71 ~ At2Jq3, ~>o~s (high—efficiencY particulate air: HEPA) ~eEle: ~5OtO4 iF71wsl ~°'1~ 73171~. =26lol~51 40

~¢ Z ~ ~~ An, To ~ ~~ ~1 ~~ ~~ I ~~ HEPA ~~F i] ° D a! Spoof - ~ Off (ASHRAM 1992. 1993). Ott ol~ TO (aft 5°1 z1~91 71~1°1U All ~ ~;~ OFF BITS) ~ ~718J O 7IF ~~T°45Z1 710f I At. I ~f~§l~ 0 71 1 ~~ ~~ ~71~ °~1 ~7~ ~ ~ 51 ~1F 31 01~. ~ 21 Lit ~31}°11 ~EF11 = ~ $1~ ~ 71 UP T ~ OF ~9 01~ ~ Z1~ T ·°~ ~5; (of ~ Cod. ~~olTq ut°1 Q of ~_(biohazard) ANTE). Ol~L10}QL Z!~ *£7~ °4~317~ ~71011 ~Z|~f ~1171~ T ~17 ~1~ i~ 3( .1 T~_ o 71 i~ i<1~ T ~ O ~ ~3, ~u3,3,~3, ql^1 *71~ T qi~ ~ ~71 ~d o 71 q I ~ 4~ ~T~ Z] ~ Al~ 79 ig E] 7t ~ ~ ~ ~ q3, ~ 71 ql T- ~ ~rl ~s— o£T~ ~°1~ Al*~of~ <!~ o71qf stl~ :~717F t3~°~. HEPA ~r1~7,~ ~7Oi ^.1—~ 7~_o,~ (~ 0~ ~E3~ ~7 o£)7F °~! ~71~ ~ ~7~= =~i~ 70 - qf t~8 :x'o1 g~ T ~. 0 ~7lql~ ~7~ 50% ol~o7 A|A`i ~717i ~°l 01 2 3.(~7~1 g717t 50% F M71 °~ ~) O ~t~ iil~ol~ ~ olA1 ~~.~ ~ ~3~F~ o71;~7 o5, ^~$~7_3~ 0ql o3~; £71~'14 °4~3°3 ~;~= ~61 7;fol~ T gl~ 71 O ~ ~ ~ $ T o4 o1 o3, qf ^1 ~Zf ~ I_ 70 TF ~ql °3, U~ Z1 ~ 0 71 . ~ Zf—. T —~Z J: 0| ~ 7,;! 0 ~7 F~ 0 71~ ~61 <:!41 O 717! ~s ol U7 ol ~$ 0£~o1 ~ T~ ==s 7| ,Q, x1~7 ~ ~ ~% Ti O£~T~ ~ol 71 q ~703 °3 Q~S- F ~71| ~70A 0I, =. /~$~7 ~Q3, .. ~0 ~ , ~1 ~ir~ol~ ,flolx1 ~flXo3 ~= ~cl —oto3, £0~q3, ~71 ~ *7£~01q o~3~7~^ o3 ~S-F 7A,31AI~ T7F ,1~ ~°~! °lx~J ~ 7~ ~Q ;A,173—ot71 $3zfl B3, - 71q3 ~63~ ~7~91 ~14}°1 '=~fl17~. ~E1 7f~°3 ~X17t TX=~71q 0~ ~ §:j+7t ~3,=7x| ,~ ~4*A1 ~61 ~f~Q" ^flrR~ =xiof~ ~ ~;~7F 7 . O ~ ~3 ~ s~ ~ ~A, 7g e1 ~ ~3, E1~0 oF ~ 7^ 01 ~ ~ ~. °1111~ O ~if *~ ~7~Q~ ~flN1£ 71~1~171 $3,tfl~A, ~ ol;~ ~70·4q1~\1 T o q 009 ~= o£ 709 71.a] OJ t;1 T7~ 7~. °1 :~ ¢! Otr] ~ 13f 71 ~ . % 0)}7t o£ 5fl ~7 ~ ~£~ m~% Q ^;i!~1 ~r4, 1-6 ~O74 (Illumination) ~ ~0 ~ Z4~ £o ~qf 7~1 ~0 z3 8424 . ~03 Ef 8477 Oo ~ ~ D1~3. ~r . sa O£qf t]34F ~r) (Brainard and others 1986: Erkert and Grober 1986: Newbold and others 1991: Tucker and others 1984). ~=o3ql 71°J~ ^£83l^9JO£Al T7~7i] 0 17.~. sF£ ~ :~ ^~3z~.3F -5 T q'~(StoskoPf 1983). ~Oot~ OJ7~7t £o~01 <:'+~tr~ :~Do og Oo3 ~:= ~ T ,1_~ £~l O7 ~Do Q % ~ ~8 ~ z3 ~ ~ ~ 71- ~1~. °f£~R1 ~£ ~eO^1d §.~. £0~01 ~uf:~71 ^fl~o~ ~ o. o~~` ' ' ~(circadian rhYthm)~-q3, ~nO A17JQq, -fl~Q. Q£~ m71. Llol. o£~. Ao]~ ·7~; 7f~ =-°l q~lrj(Brainard 1989: Duncan and O Steen 1985: O'Steen 1980: Saltarelli and Coppola 1979: Semple-Rowland and Dawson 1987: Wax 1977). 41

:~ # I A/4c~ ;~ ~1~J I= ~ o ~~ —~~ ~ 79idlq -~4^J^1~. ~31~ Amp 7il }44~ ~—e Al ti~ , AM ~ ~~ ~1 ol ~1 or ~~i 1~4 ~ {~t §~ Jig 4 Hal ~ 't(t olojot Bird ^iSL^~4L Alq 5~ o~°,=71. °~9~t '~ ~7~t~ 171 Stool '=Otir4(Brainard 1989). 1~> ~40q| 0l al ~1 Z~D4oAll~ ~I^1~o\~° li~ 8~ 9°~°l~(Brainard and others 1986: Cherry 1987), ~ ~~ 20'7~ ~ i~}ql ~~ 25~: ~~ Alto (Tucher and others 1984). '~O^li~r4~[ ~c-rot7~1 °.~ :14: 7~=~ ~0) Dears >qlrqit °1~714+ ~;~o°15] AR^~71 0~ '>~ g]O r ~, ~ ~ t} §~1Eq1 r$4t ;F o~ ~ Alql ~71 ~;~ T91~. ~S~ ~T71~ *71—ol71 $1DRAl~ A17J °~ Z'Do~l^~4~ ;el§0~54 ~, T4°1l~ 4~r4.~ ~71~°i~ Z~oi Do m7| 7> 700 ~51 41~7'1 ~ ~ 59,4,. A ~ ~ ~h:t, 7~g ~°1 ~olM '1~ ~e~° ot~oAo°l~. otlal~ ~- r) ~ ~20~34 ~l~ot o] 3~A,~ Oql Q} ~ DoLD4~q| 7e~ ~ 71 t4 71 r'1 ~ol etR 551 —~ 4A ~ ~D ~ 71 ~—~ 1 ~ ~ °] ,[~(Lanurn 1979). :1 ~ t(~: i~>ql ~°R ~84 ~ o ~ o~20~ <it8~= ~i (~ rnol~ 0~4~ T o~r4. ~4~ °4 1.0 rn(3.3 ~ ~)ql~1 325 ~(30 ft -candles)91 ~7t 5:1,o54 At$~0] ~otTl O=~Dllr i~~=7i 3~}~£~q1 54~ Do-D4o O ~ 7~.$~; °~l~(Belihorn 1980). ~ ~r4$! 1 mqll^1 400 ~(37 ft-candles)i717~1~ 0el4ial—9l ~r42o~oRql ~o~71~°l 70~:i'3401 ^1~ ~. ke':~l~qHB ~iln .°31~ i.§ ° ~ °e`El74 °>l~(Clough 1982) . ~E1~. ~ 7R7HQI ~n"~°n r~^l . ~£ aOo' rH~ 7~`f~o°l ~ ~e 70$e ~oir], _. 130-270 ~^ ol~91 ~=i' 71 ~= oiiiial~. ~eOn~1~ ~7101 ~oR71 °e°l~ 73~ ~79171°~1 7,!01 ~F~3847=, ~OeR D=~79. 7~71~161~47a +780H~1 ~ ~1ol gl~(SemPle-Rowland and Dawson 1987). 7,1~o' r~Et~ iqlol7ltH ~91 91;~1ql~1 40 ~^E1 - - ~ f~l~ ~E4etM o| (NASA 1988). oli~ °e`~il~ 4 *~D] ~$~ ?~d ~ $!~ *~ ~:~ ~r4~ D.~(Wax 1977). ~E1~ ur] ~4> ~ ~ ~ °e°l~ f 91~ ~r4~H~ cH =o1 ~r~ ol?OlO ~ ~ ~R. ~£^o~q1 51~ =O~r4~qn M7tfA,]~ ~ql cH=J iH ol21 aH1Q~ ;~ 130~325 ~ ^5!1 ~9j£ =°H°t ~r~ ~s!1 $1i`1i~ ~o1 ~1017~154 3Hi~l~ f~t?~l7171~(Greenman and others 1982), o£ ~ol ~ql 5~= Al7J4- 7.~71 ~£o1 - ~ ~ f g; ~ 9t ~oR 2=rj71 ~(o4* e°l ~ 1~ ~ =~7! g.~ 7H°l21 ;~) ~ ~4 - E1?O~91 Q~O o ~ o£~q1 rH~ T7~7 4~7~k ~°e +7F ~T o£~ol~ AF4~^e ~4°~2~ i~Q?oJ~ ql~71 ~ }.~ o55qql~ ~ 2~1 ~-5_ ~q 7tU~~2154 ol§~ ~ f .°~1~3 ~s] ~4 1~1 i' O O£~g ~CD4~ ~:T5_ ~ott T 5]— ~°1 7~}ot\7, ~vo3~ iDreql~] o| toBOIAl~ oJ~r4 r~DI ;~r~o71~ (Illuminating Engineerin~z SocietY of North America: IESNA)s s!1 1!!r-~(Kaufman 1984, 1987)8 ~=O21 ~°~, ~1~ (color-rendering index). ~n. ~r~i~l o~;ln. uJ^t fr4, ~°e. URr4(ballast) A0e3 o£4> 71~ uH ~4,~o1 :9 7~01 1-7 d:~ (Noise) o£~21'~' ~ ~4~1 ;~40~3ql~1 ~= +4~ o£~Al~ ~oOq1 ~7~7e~ ^~J°1~ (Pfaff and Stecker 1976). ~Et~1. +grHi~4' il~5!l ~791q ~°~54ql?1 7~]Tj:~ ~LQ7R Slr4(Pekrul 1991). +4>o1 o£~°~,|70 Dl~l~ Oo31S<~ ~o37tot71ql~ ~g5!l =r 42

~2 ~ ~~§/ ~~ q Or ~~ 71, ~t^a5l~ . ~^a7~7~. 71~A17~, 7;1 ~34 §1 at. 71 nip 7715!l ~ =~ 73~ 114 o ~ 7~1~g~1 ^Elol1 All 7D~T^o~Q~ Amok 7~|01 Et—tT4. ~ 73 ~ q ~ c3 ~ =~ id 0 is ~ A1 HI al 71' °,j Iowa 7~ 7D~ al ~ T AA~ 78 . !;:R7.1. OD~ n4 ~olTr!2t ~ol A17161~ ~8 ~eitl~ kE;71 T10etols; il°1 ~J ~;i} ~ ol °4 A}~J~, ~—. ~ o ° ~°| ~ 31 t3 T ~ ~ ° i5=r ~ ~ °1 *q At f 71 70 0 ° ° r ° o ~ ~741~ ~ ~ ~. ~D l 85 dB °i jol !4Dl! ~74;ql~o1 ol~* §747~1011~ Oo4<lQ ~ T AA~li(Fletcher 1976: Peterson 1980), ~;71~r'3.1Al~ ~ ,^~(eOSillOphil)S~ 7rr~ T<1 ~ Ql A 7KGeber and others 1966: NaYfield and Besch 1981) "4 ~^it~1 ~1~(Zondek and Tamari 1964), ~wol~°,3, °t^O~(Peterson and others 1981)°l :~53o1 o,A~ ~8 ~o A>~q73 e ~l7~l ~ gl70~91 ~EI~ ==, T ~A~(Brown and Pye 1975: Warfield 1973) Dl~O ~a~ ~71S) 7~01 ~ 7~flA1 ol§~a`~ 7~0O3~ d:~.~ L~ 7171'~- ~~ ~40fl7;3' Oo8~ ~711; ee=~ TSLle RttEt(Sales 1991) 7~=tt tf + olQlqlAl Rol t~. ~oql ~ ~D01 ~3~3,0~^, ~94 °0~ ~G3 ~4 4°J~(Armario and others 1985: Clough 1982) ol;,ll~ *~e~ ~D O ~iSji<1 °~ Q ~q~J~ ;~.M7u0~ '~-~.~ ~ t '-0~ ci7fl~ rflon, =51 7~0 740D* Tte ~Oa ]] 3~1;:Q 74~* ~ ~71L) ~D, ~3711 n ~q1 T~= Ti4~ ~R^E1LT D}4 e ~4 if~ *tZ] T~ 70~tL~ *~ <;>L: °~ =94 ~ °~!18 ~7,401 ~°~ Ae~D741 4°lL: ~!Zl;<lade(enrichment)9l OeT7t ol~l~ *~!LI]q~ ~°J~^1~ °J1:!~ 2. ;30= ~i'l (Behavioral Management) 2-1 flZ:Z:~ Et~ (Structural Environment) +Z7~ ~70~Q 711017~1 0~, °~ ~l=6E(enrichment), ~o1 :~74~ C4^oi~. j~ll 1 71 °n e714! *7D ~ ^~L1| 5!! 7e ~Q °e71~ tt703 S!| 51 A,§ $1 ~ Z 01 TO1 AJ~ ~1~ D4 ~1 At~ D 7~ ql D:~*A1 t;: ~| aJ :F :~ ~,L A,1~°| L~ ~4 ~ Sl~ D'A, ~7 o3 ~ 74 ~ (nesting materials). El~e. 7Lll D ~ '=8s~ 7~|L ~L*~ ~eL~A|7] ~71 ~ <! oAl~ T ~ 7.4ol 7~ 1C77 ~70391 7171 ~ ~°4 ~ ~ 7.io,!At (natural history)Ql ~705!| (!T~:73O1 ~A,~i!~7.1DJ, OJ 6§ *~9] H7.1~ 8~olA1-71 71 ~A1~ ~7~0n ~8R 71d~°J ~7t ~L~O1-Tl. Ta °l~s~ ~D~r~O~ (ti;J ~2l7~l~e(enrichment)* 41~<t ~8 T=Q AQI r*~L=7l70~!El(Animal Welfare information Center)~zl ~(AWIC 1992: NRC °J`fl~)ql 7l7l~o1 2-2 A~Q|~ :~0 (Social Environment) ~54 At~ 77 ~? ~o|1 111 ig 3R ~ 71 °1 $ol 73 ot i~ At67 7g ~70 o1 * ~7~ ~D~ °e DJ7g 0a~ *~7~°7 <!~11k] 7.~ql 5!~ t4~7,]~ "e`(j(7~1D`i 7~41 ~Q7lLLO7 78~°1 °~ol ^17 io7 3~7 ~Q~ ~aJ ~At76~= ~8D~. 7g7eot71Lt _~ t~ O I ~A ~ ~ ~ ~ D ol ^1 ~ 7g ~r~ T ~°A~ ~70 oi ^1 At - olo~ ~- °n~ ~o1 At~oO| 7A,~ ~g°l~L~ 74~r(CaniS)~ ^1~ 01~17 43

~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~1~' 4~ 71~ Me ~}~0] T. Idol ^~ ~ ~~e°ll~ *°1~ ~Q ~~=ol]A A~8 Al3477A 7~cc 70A A,~7=Ao,] ~4~oA.| ~7~7e~, At~7~ *~ ^r--D;3, ^7t ~~ ~3~011 Thy 5it;~'4D==e ~~ ~Alon(Gust and others 1994), ol~8o3* em °~7r~l~(Reinhardt and others 1988, 1989). USES 71~= ~07~Al7~(Whary and others 1993). ~ Loll J~s~°J s@~°l~ 0J7~la3Q ~QAl7J~ ~A~oqAl ~ ~e£71 7A7e~ 1 037|717l ~A] ~ T ~—7' :~A|5!| 7! e ;}= ol~771 ~ E3= A~7= A103 ° 01~7l =~1 ttt;R ~7ft~(Borer and others 1988; Diamond and others 1987: Drickamer 1977: Harvey and Chevins 1987: Ortiz and others 1985: Vandenbergh 1986. 1989). ol~l~ ^1~17= (t70O1 7~78~1' ~a74 ~ 73 $ ~ ~ol 7~7~1 C'A,~l Oo q ~ 80 Mo ~c7~1, 0 ~781 ~ Do Mo ~e71 °n T']4'~37 ~ n 71 J ~ ~ ~. ~ ~8 ~ ~°lAl °1~ 7,4 0 i~ ^~$~ ,7.~ °,]7~Fr M~ ~ ~ ~ .~-~°1 q~-~q~ ~.gPS"°J A~.a~eQ olOR~, ,7,401 ~:~1~oQe 3R~ ~ ^~$~6191 D;~ 0 e 01037J~17 ~ T ' A134Ao ° 77~c - 45!1 i7c ~o1 ~ ~0 0 ~Z Al~e T Ic 79 ~ ~ §731 ~olot ~ Dl~ T~ °~. ~e~DAJ, 7~701~, Sa~4~ °18-~} o °87t ~0] °1~ ^~iO| g~R~ ~eR~ T £ °~ ~. Ah~ Ps>O° ~ °~8R m700ll ~! ~ Ao~=e ~7l^|7l~(Bayne and others 1995) ~,70~:`it 74,^ E8.]=oOIl E8~ Z\T AoO1 ~0~71~1(KaPlan and others 1982). ~a~4' - . Adel~47~ 7lw°' ~ ~ER ~c ZQ(Bernstein 1964: Bernstein and others 1974a.b)7f °A1~. 71~7t ~o'A1 ~7~ ~°eAoO1 Mo~=o;3' ~E: 7.1017i °J'O~M ,°lT:|(Crockett and others 1994: Grant and Macintosh 1963: Vandenbergh 1971: vom Saal 1984). ~ 7~1 1!=eAo°l ~, ~oAo~ ^~7t o~1709~o] ,°.|~. q~.37= ~$°4A1 ~olC °1~ $~oAo ,= Aot~| 7~ 7,doltt ^~^oO1 o^I`~ - 4,Q ~At=^o| 13ti~7~i~7.l~ 7R~AF$~A1 °~== f °~Ae 70$°lle Al$7|iiF7~ oJx`3Ot~ 7~7~ 0 ~ 7~e~, ot£i~ ~71~ - ~7= ~70c;3 =712~7JQ $]tt 70~e 0 91 ~°JeQ ~8RA1 ~ig 7T r0AOl78 7,~o3, r~3,~ ~ Ao~O ~ "=,;:~ ~= -:' 7= Qe v~aJ ~ 2-3 ~ (ActivitY) ~91 ~ol~ ~¢ ~'4eQ fvJ~ ~*~= 5!1r1—of 71=,: -A1'= ~°1't A~7~ Aot ~741£ ~°n ~7" ~. Ae~v~70O\lAl *7~1~C ~e 7.:1l°401 O~AC ~oll 1317,3, .~.oll 7~ ~ol ~1 ~ 7e 7^ ol ct. +7= ~Oot~Q. ~ ~ ~91 ~74= T71 71- ~ ~°335 73~1 7~ 8 7~0~7.1 0P;:!7'1. ~91 ~o1 °ct7~. 7e7~ 0 ~1 7~7eU~tiC1 oir6Al~ ~707,l ~3° 1 1; ~ ~ 1~. 7~1~ ~7~ ~Q ~OJ~ Ae~D74~AO\r~4 °1*~ 71Q1~M ~°473 e 7ot~crAlc oJ~ ~Q~ ~G1 7e`Q ~74eQ 0,~7:1V`l 717103, ~r7~01 °~Ac 7~;I Q O~q ~ ~ ~3Ie ~ °~ A87 ~ Bo~° U'3~7n~c 7~ ~= 131-ig7~1 o(71 ~(AWIC 1992: Bayne 1991: NRC °l~l~r Ti~ AQI rR!LelAl=Je(enrichment)J £ 74 - ). ~oll73lc ~ =°3 7,l7~7~0J 8a~ ~,3,E]°1 ~lor~ ~s~ 7~¢ 8a~^" ~ f A) 1;: e 8RT°1 ol 7it~ ~3,7,3, T1 OotO1 Lt 7R ~ 7~34~ {r~Q A1 ~431t 7= ~ 7~ EZ !, ~le 7~ ^~:!1s7J~(Rollin 1990). 78~= =~eQ ~,3,~ A`~7~A177l7l~ ==~70Fo4A1 ~El£g 7R T73 ~ At~ 7A 7~ r. e cl, ~3~ 83 ~Q] 71 ~ ~ 711 0 ~J3 of 7O~ ~ ~ e 7O~+ 27 011 E137 ~7~t el-R ~80 ~017.l, $~ ~) ~ ~Q~ Aj7J~. T~747m ~ ~8R ~ °J 44

~ Z ~ 52e~ ~,7, TO ~ ~~ +~7gO' ~4T°]A1 7R51 ~71AT$OII~5 73,1°1717! AT °18~!~. ~61~. Hi. 7R (run) A' 711°1711 3i~ To3 No| ADS o 7~01 ~71 Huron 7F'05~ ~ ~°1 °1850 7~01 ~i4~1~(Wolff and Rupert 1991). Oft, At. ^~ 74~ CR~371~ ~J~j7~. ~~ T2~7oiOIIA1 14~A1 71~ ~1 3. ^1` (Husbandry) 3-1 Am (Food) ~011731~ 71 1s0n ~~ 9°3°1 °~1~ Oo3 Oo~5~7~ 0 ~ 7~}~ Alum DR°' 0~iSF714 ~11^e~711~°' 7170~01 0~5 Hi, ~oi R:;'~5 ~760' U4T°1 H°1~ ~~°~:TL -915~154 ~~OOOJ$~1(Committee on Animal Nutrition) 74~ 51 °' OOI R+On IBM At 77~;~ 74~0s~Q1 (NRC 1977, 1978. 1981a.b. 1982. 1983, 1984, 1985a.b, 1986. 1988, 1989a.b. l994, 1995). °1r 7FF7.~ 7~7e\3 .DIAa~5~47~ ~O=~ ~R7n. ~ ~. OoOO`~ ~a~n~ (bioavailability) D~ 71 ~ Ao~ q1 ~O—i A1 ~ ot 4~ ,7 o|rT ~li~gl ~7~ At~7, ~ T°4 T~. ~ ~ D~ ~ 4qn ~°R 7et °et .7. ~ o~ ~r~ 7 7~ ~ T Po 71 AD ~ 7e Po ~ 79 ~ D~ 7R 741 ( . T =~ °R ~) . ~ D ~7e T'Ol ~ ql ~o~ ~ A1 ~oi~ ~ ~71 $1 ~ol ~. ~a A~ =~ O ~'7~7F °1~ ~ °RA1 At ~ ~Q ~A1~ 17 77~ 0 ~Do30t ,7. ,,}~A1 m~1179°~I ~ ~710~ ~8R(°II~ oi ~I~ oR~3Ri~q. ~ T~T:~) ~AtiS~ 70IZ1~ 71YE8 IaToO3o~ AA 1135°1E1~ 7017179 0 ~ ~n~9F A~ T,~4~3~q17n ~. ,37~ A~QI ~ . 71 ~ ~Ti51~ 74~ °,1~ e T'~ e1°1E13~ AF§7~°n711 7~1A1~1 AU~7F ~°171 ~ A! ~ ~ T7A 7~ ~7n T~ ~ ~$L A! ~ ~ OO3 0~7O 0 ~ ~ 7.63171 )~. ° 7~1 TF \? ~-~1 ~R ~1~1~ °'0~°11 T~O!Q] A`~°~(~)~ ~ ° i7RD E]7~l I°~£~ 7A7R~. AF..3, D7Q ~L ~T.3.* ~ ~ ~ Fd ._ ~7I=~7n ~21~, ~R~AD e]°;1 CR~ ~71 ER7§N A ~,Q,r4, AlFTe 3~4°11 ~A1 °—~ ~ ~(paliet). ~. ~Q~ -7ir- T4 7R*~ D|At~ A~TT4~ oo=3~7lT4 t30~|i.3,|Pl 7~!~0ll ttaJ~1 °=T~3; oR~}7 ~71°l ~OT ~Jr4, 21~C(70 F)* ~De =~ ~T~AA o ~ *8 ~r4~?~, T34$| ~a 7' Ao-T34, ~A;], A8^ D~ = g ~ °R ~q ~ - ~Q ^~ TT.3. Aod ~ 3~A|A1 ~rl, T 71 . ~Og °~R ~ A\]A~JATFT3~ T.~ 7O$.~ ~7Ct~ 71501 `?oD3O ii ~T7 ~g $~71 °l~, AT ~ ~ ~ gq' ~7't~ g ° -71 e ~ °J ol ~ 71 = ot" ~ T~ ~ "g ~ ~ ~T4 Ay~ ~ ~ o=3~Ag~ 7i30 ~T7~01 £At~q' r|7.l7.1 ~ 70A~ rel~ol~ ~;a~47A. ~Ta~AA °;~ m=~7R Oo3~= T~ 7901 ,°lr: o313~ ~-o1 oir~ oo=3~7g.8 7~,~ ~.~.AQ *~ol, 1 7 ~4 °4~ql r8~ `£,~ ~* - E4~T4(Ames and others 1993: Newberne 1975). ~e~= 3~ ~] ~5 ~on T4~4A1 ,~ A| 7ito1 ~AA 5;l At~ 7t Q== T4, —/ Dl ~ D41 ol E1 o'~ Aa ~847~ D' T31 Aa *8477 ~ OD ~ 7e ~ ~AA 7e ~47t ~ ~ oT 3401-7~ .~AA 71 7t ~Al ~ °] ..1 e 7,~ o1 o1 Ao 7A °1 T4, ~°~°n 8~R~ 76~L~ ~3~£o~A~91 r8T~¢ ~ :~7i ~D7~°1 ~A—— ~4t - 7~01 7~7e°~ 741~3~C 67R~e7~ A - o1 7~0tr 7to~ At!Z~Q1 T31EInJ °eet7A G ~ 37Ril7~J ~AlSi|Al~, °~704~A13] El°,3~ H|ET~ C32- ol*O~ ~ ~ 717, 7c'A13e T ~IT4. T31E(DJ C7t Te~Q~ ~ol7]l T3|E}DJ CS!| Q~71~°l A1~ Al~F ~ T.~T01 °~e 45

~~ ~~ Amp ~~ A|~J 73$°n~ ~~ In C~ Idol ~7~0~. I FIR OoOot84~ ~~° '~1 my my T ~~M ~ otD1*£, ~ ~ 71~° Strop ~ ' eJ ~71~0 0~ If I ~* 71~ot ~ - , zo~n^~ ~~ ~~ *I'd ~~ If ~~o3~ ~0$7~ ~M, ~A~z~oJ ~71~ 67~ Me al ~3 ~ AN (Fullerton and others 1982), 4C(39 F) °lololl~1 Ethyls. a, o Cry ~~ /~ ~ on 0~ 0~ ~ ~ ~ - * ~ ~1 ~3 ~ ~~ 11 ~ ~ Who oll 7jae T °~£e ~YO3~(Wostman 1975). 5~ 71e~ ^~81 At§~ ~ ~ ~e~9l ~ ~11~ o ~^l ~o~ 7D o ~ ~ ~ ~ °~Q 7~01~ ~ol7l~ ~o~71 ~' ~ ~ pOo3~z| °~ ~e74' ~e71~ ~$~ 70T$ ^~ ~a~7~01 °'03~1 0~ ~8 ~0171~ ~D~ 7~ ~7030~ ~ ~ ~ ~ D 7n ~ 11 ° |~. ~ ~ ~A}73 °l q*~ °n ~ - ~ n ~ ~ °~ 70$~ ~—61 T~ ~ eJ~. ~ D~ ~ D =7t ~ T~ ~°11~1 o 171* e D31 ^~ o`-~. ;tol 71 ~ ~ 70 7e~7n * D~ 1 ~ At$~521 °1 ~ ~3 ~ e ~ gt ~P3 7 SL1 ~ ~ i~ ~703 ~C; ~3 7q ~ o~ ~ T 7ealzl~ ~in]. ~/o. ~°~°1 ~lOl~r~ ,<~!=ol ~8 ~ollA1 tt7el'¢1= (Ames and others 1993: Keenan and others 1994). ~61~ ~n~ 7~o> 8i3,~1~ ^te~g1 rl3,^t^03 q1~1:~1g~ o~ ~P=7e~ ~ol7li, ~ OOtat~ ~°l~ D . ~ I ~ i~ ~ 1 ~ T~ ~ 1 ~ 0 5!1 0 D I ~ol ~ ~lr~ {t e ~ 701 ~o,3~ j3~ tsJ 731~ ~°n r4* ~e~r ~ael~7q ~OO' °0~° T74~, 13,~79°31 ~7t LIEt ~(Leveille and Hanson 1966). °lv~ ~91 ~e~l~ ~nl5}l 70~71~$oll J o 7 73 o 01 73 73 ~ ~ c 3 7.3 o 7 - 0 e ~ ~5] 1 D <} — ' ~ ~ — 73 7.1 ~ 3.17 1 ~ _—~ ~ §~ ~ 7 ~. ~. °1~ o5L1 ~F(~°1 ¢)°l r4°S,3~ o=^l7~0~ ~7,16!.~1 OOOobYl7OOi~ P3Pt,~ D~ ~i~oll ~ Otill3 ~fFStl +~ ~-1 ~ 737~ 7,,~8 i~3.~lea T ~°~1~ 7,;!0|rg Fm Zl!21 ~eP2'ol°n£ ~ ~ol :i5!~. ~ ~ ~ '4 ~ 7~71 A| i~ ~ F ~3r oll~ T94 7t ~ ~—0~. 3 l~73 0 i~ ~iS,,301 olTo];got ~ i~o3°l OlTOl;<lit1 ~ ~ 1'* ol hD]~ T °~r Tr~ ~8 ~3~°n ol~ ~1 °~731 ~, ~o31~171. 7~1~P3 .~ ~0~ ~31r~J~~k:~ ~!eo1 r~O~81 u~7!10] l~(Moore 1987). ~,, 1-T' 31~( 1~101| ~ T OP1~1D11) +~14 M|At~ \4~13e $~7} olOD ~J ~ ~o,3,ot ~Jr~ ~D1~ ~, 7~,i~g~wol~ $^g*=q|*3, 0e01~7.| - °r~° ~l ~fAo3Ol ~r](Eadie and Mann 1970). 3-2 ~°,f (Water) ~'q3,7n~ ~ °~q| 7~ ~ODO1 Opi~ ~f~ rmf~ ~q| Dl7|| ~rl 7.|0g ql ~q- +7e D~ =~f~ 7030g7t ~8 7~= °~(Homberger and others 1993). pH 73~ `) ~l~'w847 34~7 90=F7e~ 70717 ° i~ ~lgel~oO~ f e°l 81§ D ] tRqn °~ 79l*74°~;~197~1° 7>lolr4. ~81. ~ l~g5!1 Fq~ ~^O^g°i~ ~c4 ~°1 ~ F7eol Ag~,~o7 q| OO36~0r ~cr4~ ~a7g!~. 70$7t ~ql os3~k:l ^!e8D741~ 1 ~ ~ 73$q3~ °f'r 71id ~, ~{4~o~ gO=or7r~=r ~l+~toe ~, ~7dis1 ;<471~k~ f91 ~el~o1 ^0~847g ~ ~E8ot71q ~(microflora)~ ~1-7171~. ^!e~o7'q| OO~Or F +~ ~lor~: T5!| 7l74 7D4~ ~(Fidler 1977: Hall and others 1980: Hermann and others 1982: Homberger and others 1993). ~n~ er°l 034~71~ °1~ ~F~ql~ *§oS3 46

il2 ~ BURY 4'7d. Hi;} '7 ~~ °1 Lit *~oll7`ll~ At ~,~(T~ ¢). ~f~o3°l~ 7' - ~Ti971 *5!| ~T71 `_ I 7~7~;~ 7~ he ~ ~r71~ 37 01 ~71 ;J 7e~71 7A~oi7~ .~}Q~ it 5~7; ~ ~0,)1~ 7~T7~}7.|5!| ~j§~Q ~°117;8, 7t ~ 7.17.1 °= ° ~ °,l!i] ~ 70 To °°1~ O I: ,Q 121 ha =~ ;i77.~7703 on Hol ~ In ~ ~— 7.iJ01 o|l]17 ;i1~ ACI ~~ ~1 ~~ ~1 Bin ~017lo,A, ' I TV|. QS4Al~ol| id ~~ *~ atll 71 `> ~o,A' ~a71 ~ 110~) 1 ~ ~ :; 01 0 ~ (i _oo~ol ~71 ~~ T~Q1 ~ ~~ 3-3 If! (Bedding) ~~ ~7~ 74°~7~ ~70O~7.~QI ~L~ZA1 en EA~olE~ ~~7'1ql °o~= r3 :~ BIAS n4 Alie~Bl7~ O~~:jL7,151 i~J~ot~ ~7~ Fore ~E~8J~ U~ ~~ · te~78q1 cR°R olio~°~ I Club ~o°.A'~ - 7R~7-1 I ~~ Iraq ~3' of olAJ7~0~ ~7~ ~ i~7R~71 (Of,, ~ Tool Olaf }I ~ql7~1~ - so Q ~ f ;° ~ 7~01 i87,l~q). ~~ Noel 7177 ~7~ ~7~ Aoi~Jol~ ~o37~q ~°R 71 foe Sl~(Gibson and others 198?: Jones 1977: Kraft 1980: Thigpen and others 1989: Weichbrod and others 1986). iDo~3f~c note ~7,901 A~oQ~o1 ~7.1 at, ~ ~ 3, ~°1 ~ :? c ri|74 ~ JEW e Anew ~52] =3,At743, CAN I ~:Qe fan ~ i=~731 ~ Al Whelan 8R°t il~(Vesell 1967: Vesell and others 1973, 1975). Aloe ~ T(Cedar) - n~~~c Z7e~7i]8 ~J~:Ao] E,1~f +~ ~~—to a| 7~7~$21 nto1 =! it! ~ ~ +~ * £-olR71~ Alluvia`] ° ~71£ -ot=(Torronen and others 1989: Weichbrod and others 1986. 1988). ~°e~eQ AJ~O^l3~!~(Jacobs and Dieter 1978: Vlahakis 1977) ~ ~ mu: °,.1 o v it mi,4~71 °qL~ ^|* 7,~ AoA E~T^~ Ghetto| 7ci U - v (a ol sit 7etQ T7'i1 ~ ma HE AJ7.1 ant f nl ~ 71£ BAND!= --I ~ Boa ~~ 711 aft, ~ L]E] is Id. Tub ~ ~ Jig ~ ~ Ash ~ 7~7~1' for . t3~ uRol|,~. ~7e*71 no QOD~0~7'1qA. Tech '31~A, BAY °a¢5 It ~ 71~ Oral 7~7R~J~ ~7,;iQ" Whiten! ~71~ Ifs ~o1 7~1~ot7lL} nlallol ~$~71 hit ~71s Sty. DUGAN, 7~7e~ 7~30~ ~7~101 ~Qot~. 1$ 7RO1A1 ~77~71 ~!21 jR~7F ~ cl ° .°~1£~ ~~i~5!1 7~7~¢eQ 7~ HEIR ale ,,10171~ T—.r "471 $~°R ~7~01 ~f'30ql ~71 °~£' my 3-4 $1Ao ~!1 (Sanitation) 51 ore — 7J7J1~7R *71*71 ~~ Z 7,15~1 *71 ~ IRE It ii7~(7~7e8J), ions +~o1 ~~ id Load ~ o—R ~7A ~ ~7~ ~^ OR 71~ ~ ~ qA ~ of ~ ~ ~ 1~ 1 As ~ Q 7.11 71 thy 704+ - ^~ Y)£~ 33£~ ~ql JET 7~17J~ Mesa *7103 ace Abbe 3A~7AO~ ~~ not Ao~847= $~ AJQ ~A171~A1 34~. 93Aa~ 9 £~ Bogy QO`1qA, OO~Q" Mu,_,, ';A,OlA1 ~ A~71~ *70. IT, =T71 Aj$5C~ *as. off, =771. L~ol. ~~3AJE': ~7~AlQoQ1 *TS) *US ~= If: $lAo~1 RRAJ~ HERO: Alr$~5] 3AJ7HO,1 Aaig847j ~oA*~47m =7cj At$71 ~F~91 QD70 ~ ~°1 °~1~ Al $ A] NED ~ C ~84'.q,l id al If ~ AGES!| Tote 2q Jo| ~ a, ~ a 7Zt~ 37tt ~~ o_ ~ TV At$7] 501 Q+~1~ 7A£ °A1~. -~ if T°—°il 1~ ~~,7ql~ ^~go'^l~ °~1~!~. ~417q.17t $;,°l~ ~A6~4 747= 3~-712 Coin f ~°,li~ ~ 7e~Q ~Uei~d ~70)Q BUST 71~7a ~aEq71~°l~ 1RA! 47

~!~ Eric ~~ Error ~1=J 71~ ~~A1~ Tent .°JEF, 3-4-1 'Eli! IT (Benddina Change) E1i'~;'J ~~ -me= ~7eE~ 71~ ~ AgE8e! *71~71ql ~51~ u1;:~ ~17~M A] ~= ~ O ~ Ire ~~7~°l At$71~7.|~ °~T~Q~ g~o~A1 Ti7~l~ 3 ~Cl|, A|$71 I ~TQ1^ ~71. Ai$715L1 =71. OR ~ Girts, ~~ M73 33 ~ eOql ~~ *WE El To| ~ ~~ il 71 ~ ~ ~ °4 ° ~ FIR ~~ Ed ~ ~ 71 Al 'em TM O ~ ol~73~ ~ ~~ Thy;< I ~~ '1° ~ ~ At7jiqR =~E} ma! ~iZ~ql ~^ ~ Efe ~° 2~7R~71 me. 0e~7Y ° ~~ DR°e°~A1 IRK ~ T ,.l Et ~J7,]^,#~ Hi' A17114 ;;R~=o1 USE| Mo amp ~~ 70$, fe~o3^J91 °l*eim 1 ate ~ 1 Amp! T isle FITS} Z~o1 AJAX 2~L~ ~:~8 ~~ 4 °~1~ ~1 1^ °1~ 3-4-2 °~7;t '}7cs91 17C1 ~= (Cleaning and Disinfection of Primary Enclosures) s(!!ol~ EJ5~1 ~59 ° ig7e~7i| *71~ ~ ~~ TAR ~ '11711 ~ ^~7R~ 3971~1 Aim ~ UGLY ° ~ 77 ~oL~o 0 ~ ~7 ~E} TAILS| ~1~ p°,ai7l171e ~171 1°~ 1~1 deli In. '4°.i At ~9eL°I 7~71 ~£~ ~Q~JE1 ~~ ^o~847y ~4~ 71~9' Ht~_~ ~;9ol~ E,~5!1 76+A17~li0* ~a77LE~ ip.°El|, ADLER Aims ~~J O PSL.O ~ cf3}YlAl(gastrocolic reflexYql 2I6R ~iN; ~L ~iR~q ~Rol71, ~ '~ it°l ~T71 ~5!| AR39 +£~1£~ ~10|7.1 ~e E-q|oloq 7'e~!~ At §~71~. ~ —qlol~ 3~717A ° ~ TAq~7 °~71~. 7~enoL 7;AL~ ~e :~ 0 7eL~ ~4o1 ~ ~ql ~ t$~il1 91 ~e Tqq °] ~- 39 £ ct ~ g ·iteEt 0 ·it7y 0 i~ neLEp~ Al.$7l~ ~ ~ ~ ~ °1 T7~ '8 ~71 2T7Jq 134 73~ °~Q'°~ °~. T~ 7R°171 ~ ~T~gl ~ql~ 471 lm7Jq' 1~1~ A11709:4 ~£o1 ~e$~Et, At$ ~e£ 7T Ae~711 ~'=^ - l£ ~37 11~1 ~!L~2 C' =~—ol-~ ~ ~R~ 7~10171. ~7~, ii7~ ~1 £7F ~.9- - ~iiPl~(gnotobiote) ~ ?~1°171. 7R~e ~717~1ol71. ~2~ 3L1SCLo} qR A1 At§~1 ~ 21. 7=R ol 7~1 ~ -7ql ol 71 Lt ~ 9] ~E q| LtEtA1 e ~ Et 71~ T;: e! Aq 3 ~ ^£* ~ 7,il01 ~ 7'lOlElr, ~°1=~£ °~°l~qlolEl A>*olL} i7uJ~ xy$olE~e ~ T~ ~qlAle ~Et ~5!1 A11334 +~£°l SITl8E ~771 =,) 71L1~°lL! ~^e1 0£~ Ae7A1~re ~ ~ D1111;~ ~7F ~e ~ Ul e~ Ei, ~ 91 rlL7ll~LolLt *7]—r°l ~A401 ~°i ~0ol7lQl :~D,iqq 7e ~= e *1|70A7~1q| O £ At*71~ °~7~l oir=L 3~e oO~ i~to£!q +~£~Et, e~AR=~ O O O 7~ s~ 7~Le 7.1qi~ 7`Ro] 7~¢otEt';7 Aa7~L~e ~ ~l91 Ete t71Aa~° CR^oL° ~ Dei~ ~75 ° £ 7e ~ ~ ~| TDJ DL 7,] ~ ~Et, 0e~;L9' ~L =£ O ;7 ^~-8 ote 70 $ ^£ ~R AoL*~ ~:D`~ql tq~ e~ ~;Z~(T~40,2 °~7~t cummulative heat factor)e e~S) 7~L~ ARu~ $21 ~o ~ 7A~Et n|A3=r"Q AOLr-oLi, ~=q ~LA17~!L L ~A]7171L], . Et ~e e £ A17~L 7-~ 7o$qq~ ;§o£~it ¢£ ~ °eeQ T ^lEt(Wardrip and others 1994). 61.7—82.2t (143~180 F) OlAoqlAl A170A54 33~Q —ol.~ +£o1 7~¢Et E+ 017~qle 82.2t (180 F)~ DeOtAA7lD,! ~7,,e B3=lLT ~At7111154 eg ~ 7~17 ~- 7.;~°1E~ |731 °1A31 C£,SA ^£731e OeE~OLS!| +~£ A~ ~O171D~Lr 71712R~ 7RA!§ ~71 7.~ql ~ ~ AeL 330~Le 7,~Q O~)oiA~l O~!L~Et- 4-87

A¢2 ~ ~91 ibid, Dim hi' It o'3~ ~P3~3, I o~3,oll ~~ Mold ~ 71~H~ ~~ Floe ~1~ ^~ ~ ,° ~~7g old r'J SUM - ~ 03177~7l ^173 ~ °t If. Rae 81. ~ Blip 4~ 7t ~J~ot7-1 W; ~ _ ~3~. 240~7( °eEot°l~ °4~ I|| I ~~ rQr~er' ^toQ°~ Sol Atom ,i f s . = f At ~ t. H . ~0171 w91 ~ Is 71 ~~ ~~ P ~ E' ~3, 71 . °eeo ~ ~ ~ ~ R Em ~ ~ 73 ~ ~ 709 ~~ Of ~1~ DI~D~OIr~ ~nizi7f ,~f71011 Raised °~r~ Of ~~7t oi ~ ~7~1~ ~i~le r8~91 ~ol~ 7~7~J 3484~11~ 70071~ ° e ~f(~6i~C 0USh)E' ~: i7 ~ s~ 1 Tolot r8~ 2?i~e6| ~ Cl ~ ~ElTit 71^ ~-A1~l 71EQ1~ ~1 =o~l =~f''3il=~-A1~ ~:~z9olq. o i~TE1 ~l~a~l ~ °^A~ Ajl7oA . ^~I~Q ~7~5~ ~Q7171 ~ 3 ~] ~ r~s~nlAa~ol ^7$Ete 7a$~ ~(microbiologic flora)°l ~ ~ ¢~= ~ °=T7;~^e *i~l~e 7a$ A1l70A, +4ij~ jql017.1L} T~a ii~ 11 ~e~ ~e ~7t °1~. ~e~71e 7O9717~ ° e ~* ~ o~70MO~—~MoQ~ ~°I~ 3 - 4 - 3 017~1 :~91 All~ + - (Cleaning and Disinfection of SecondarY Enclosures) ~ ~ 71-~-°A (` ~o~ io -j7 A~3700~=, ~ ~ . 7i ~l~e) ~ ~^l~94 7D717a O e io (i~}~Q ~ ~3903' rlt* ~ X~8 ~l~ l4 ° °Bol °e°~7 Dl~p k ~ iA ~ 7.1.^rr 7. 7At; 0 o3 3 7 7 q 7r- 0 71 0 ~e 0 $~ 1 0 lq D ~ ~ D ~ ~ ~ J I , 1 ~Et i`~+ §:iL 7.~11~ 70A717~ ° e Ar70~ot O+v~ l~T^''Mo <7'r3~! D~=, 7~010] 0t ~ gE13 ~ 7,qQ 70A7|7=oe ;;~ iO~ *7e ~ 7,!7~813 ~;7 Dl~a~ <?Oo o1 °e°r~71 °U!~ 70A~i1 7oa=01~ ~1:t, 3~4~4 $1~474,'1°l W~1 (Assessin~g the Effectiveness of Sanitation) ~ a~ Q~lE1 E ~ ~ `~` D~ ~ql ~ 7~ol ~e~l~ °3w ~° .~5q Qo,l71~q fQs~ Q~eAr?a D|^a~ ~1E1 0 0 1 ^1~. ~ 1 1 ~3~017l a~370A~£~ ~7a OAT~ °~Q~°! ' - £, 7RO171Q~ 711. 7il7sl91 <}~?R. iRol7tit11 f~ *~TQ]r ~l71* 7|FO e 7~ ~E9Ot 3~5 ~l7lF74ZI (Waste Disposal) 0erJ79i °l 7R71~. ~sliL~7m 7R71~. -rrtrR 73,171 ~Q 7474 3 71 a3 ° e 067~1 Et7R 7t 71 ?et r~ i]El~(NSC 1979). lEr~7= ° ~ 7R71~Qe 7il~El, ,1 7~71 ~o1 ;~1ch, ~17F ~R 71~ ~ ~ °~d 71 q3' ~ s~ - (D~ ~ ~ 7mR ~j Mo ~ oJ 7~ Mo rQ ~ 3~ ~ ~7 ~ ~ q 74E1~ 78$~ °~]Ho~. T ~ 71~ ~qR ~. 70~e~7R ~F^l'~ ~171~ §71~ ~e!2 Tfr?r DJr, ^|Me7,~03~ 9^q u171~ 7R71 871~ AR71 `°i!~m T7~4 ° ~ te~R~ T o~ojo) ~, ~QO ° e ~TD1~7t ~ol ~ 7i!01 ~. 97124 0 T~ 39717m ° ~ A0|34~, 7,401 ~. m~ol~ E3~o1 i~°r~ r4 f ~, 7,~ ~71~ ~°A=e Ae434~. ~3~7173~1 ~o74~qle 2~7e~t1 ~ 7~§ 03~ to~37 ~,Q ta7~=, xtOQ~-. ^1 Me i~ T81 ~J~—ol 71 7~ ~sR ~R 71 ~q3 ~ ~R ~e ~. te ~, 71 E} z~ 7el ~ 71 il ql °J7.~. rrQr 7<~:~8R0t ~(US EPA 1986) ~AtMo JR71~Q~ 7~7e~tl ~^'i(! oQ71q ~J~ 7R 71 A1 ql °.) ~ ~ T2l Ji7~ ~ ~ql ~ <;R ~ATA~! J~ ~E] 7.~ 3—71~ T 49

I ~~ ~~ ~~ ~1~ At. 0370 =] them ~~ 71~7~71~X3,~ —-H ~71~ X171~ Who ° Cl ~~ *°H ~7~1 XE§(~3~170~ ~;F-)~ ~ ~3,710H ~3-0 Em ~4~ L7 Air 7~03;qo1 91~ *~1 ~711~ (on site) +79~71. ~ °~7~ °~.17toH711 $1~(t~. ~~Hql~l~l 3;e7~. IT, old. ~c~Q7qOgoJ7~^8 ~0' 9,4~ ~ ~0~q 0~— T^1~ ~~ Owl °~1~ ~71~°1~ I ~ ~H71~'~Q 7~1 7361 OFFAL 87lqH ~!oi 7A~0~$Ro 1715 ~ 01°n T4* ,;171~. °1~ JH71 I ~ii171~ ~~ ~ .°~1~ 7.~, ~~ 3-6 eHg.-a=~ r-H*H (Pest Control) ~1 J$~7c~ PI °1 A AA, Ed ~°8 ~ · 73101 —711 tH ~~ ~ ~+ =lL7~76 01 L lsH ~+ ~§ of ~ ~ E1 ~ ~= 70A 7170 ~ ~ Al 8~ FAl If. ~ ~ ~ ED ~^ 7~ OR ~~ Al ~ o l ~ ED O] ;1~71~ ~71~ T ~~ Ot~At - = ~LoA1 ~~3,A1~ THE HIT ~ gel cue VIDEO a 7,17,1. ~CL 01731~ T I ,3Ha3,~. In MID o£~LOn^1 ma ~= ~~ Al=7l~ ~2~30n 7170~Q *~3~ $D~7} d°~(Ohio Cooperative Extension Service 1987a,b) Ill i}oQQ ~ a Hi' 70T;7 7n~ ~ol ~~7HOA1 . 1 ~1 4~ 2 e 7~54 1 E1 ~ e lS~04 at ~~ ~70 CA Al+= 71 It C} ~ =4 73 ~~ owes At$~,L~7.~5$ Wool °~tt8~,'°] °~8}. T ~ 7'1~5~1 bitt TO 71~ ~'~t$ 047310J7KDonabue and others 1989: Garg and Donahue 1989: King and Bennett 1989)~ Tow 0~7n(e~17270 i121~)~ At Amp= ~ Too 2= TiJoL71 °~ be ~ tH ~ al ~ik7 *tl ~7= ~ °'7.n my ~ 2= He T old 0J~7 UR~7~ ,. CART ~~ *iroQI XQ ~79 Farm/, ~~ TOg~ ID= oJ4At Airy 3~7 73~AI, TON. ~O2'°l o35~Y (Emergency, Weekend, and Holiday Care) ~ _';'124 ^2~= ~= I—orate Ted, 8°2 ~¢ ~ ~ OR 02 *7~17= 7~7L my- red Slid imp 7 D 1W 91. TO ~ it; 254 7.!~A101~ T54847= ~E1~ DID ED T °rl[L 7J~A1 °4 ~ °.] TO CA ~ OJ7~ ~.4 ~ By. 7° ~ 0511 D MA at me ~~ ii D 7't~ J 9}-,O3 ~i~L~,L. =2171 45lblAl~ 71I5TA151 tR OQ34 ~1~7,tDo i5Q 7,53~ ~3L .~-~LAIAI91 72L Ill ol ,~ 70~k en| 7n Al *~7t, 0,l7,jeJ~mA1 ~ at 7.~tR o1 TV! my. H1 ~A1 °1 olo~A1 mTeP]9l ~I~Po~°li ,LL7,~i~7 awe e71 ~7H TFA1 ~51 aim To- this 7RbRAI~ tR o ~3,Q2 o£~A|~291 0~7~tRiyoAI :iE~DlAl. O ~~ ~~ ~ D at ~ TV At7} ATLAS °J71~ ~~ ~ ~q1 ~ ODD o1 °) ULC,L ~ 21~ 7~71 °8T^91 ~1 °uT7~(offcial responder) £A1 7.,3,b3 t82~0n ~71bR°t ~r,'(Casper 1991). 50

~2 =0' ~:~ my, +7! ~ ~~ 4. Retrial (Population Management) 4-1 7~*1i~59. 71$ (Identification and Records) *~9, 7R,n~ - own Cohen lo;. ~7,l ~~ weir 719~ ~ ~ }1~! ^~ ~llol;~1 7~: I ~4, Am, ~811°1~. ~a: ^4~: ~ BERM. Aft: - Hi: ~~ at °~ , my Z~o] carol ollt!~. Am! I °1851~ ~~ '~(toe-cutting) o ~~ Wool odd ~~ ~~. 7R~^I~ 7te°n~ ~~ MAR. Pinto. Aim! 41 7~91 al D 31 +^ . ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ An ~ ~1 ~ ~ C. ~ f 7~ ~ ~ ID ~ ~ 71 ~ Am. me Ate 71 ~8 88iSt ~ D ~ ~ R ~1 ~ ~ 7~ ~ R ~ D ~ OIlAl go my all O=e~ ~Al7j}~77~71 ~oot°l~. ~7R~ °D^J71~ ~~ w°~. amp 7R. ~°~°1. Adolf Din 70°' ~~ Aim. n ~ ~ 1 ~ D ~ ~ ~71 at, D 0 71 ~ . ~ ~~ ~ 1 ~ f HAT FEZ] ~ 71 ~ I~DJ~g71~ =°1 >,l,1( 71~Fit7 ~Z47~ °~71i~8 16~ O~~:jL54 °J glad Amp T71'7titl e ~ a| LIZ ~dD37~. sweat, ^~71~7.~7t ~01 ~7n 0~ ~4~ f ~v the, 1 ~71 ~ . ~ ~R71 ~ ~ ~ ~ Jo e ~ ~ Dow g~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ° An stool ~cL~(NRC 1979a). 71~ ~~ 71~ 71~ ° +lDoO1 73 rR~ ~0( ~7~0~ yRiRD~ 7lsq~r~(Dyke 1993: NRC 1979a). 715i5~,~ 7~01 Dow art o£~3 7Ui~40 At. gi~(~)~417~t, 7,ti8(~)~4067,t, Moth Extol ~ o bosom *eR ~J~° Waif Fool If. °1~ ~8 7155r° At5°FF~ *787m ~~ D1 ~71 r ~ ~ ~ ~7i ~71729~ ~* ~ 06~ ~71 In ~~715qr~ IT 4-2 w73~, 2~!a!;~°4 (Genetics and Nomenclature) ~~ ~ ~~ °~7ql 1ol~l ~~ Arm, I' Age *787g ~Zr707°1 Id q'(T5, A ADA). An ~~ 78~ 71F~ ~~§ ~(Pair) ~ Al~oi71~. *79 74 0 Z TO £o~01~ Cd 0 ~ 2tOj~71|7| °,.1—— ~* 2~ql m~ f 171 Rig old. t~ 4 Ill 1!~7il(outbred) Wool Ej 00lr4. Id °~OlAl~ *7~!7~$ ;!;4rl|i5! 7U~Mool 79717~1 *7.1~5 C AFT 'RAVE ~^'~ ~~ wry. 74 ~50 Ale 'CUD rfl°lEf5q <}67~}qn 7~7~ D|TiT~ f 0~5.5C ~r71 $)ili'Al~ *7~7= ~.otAR 5!1 *71 ~ ~7t oV,5!1 ~ ~~ *7,.174 ~~ 715 o| ~ T~!Ir( H e c 1. Lacy 1989: Poiley 1960: Williams-Blangero 1991). Amp Al~zilolAI, AD 79 iF~°l7Kmarker). DNA ~1°~17~. ~°76~7~ 10,17. Ado Mao off 7c1 ~7--4 741^ql Gin' *7.,47= rd~OoLMoQ" ~ME1DO~ f °7r4(Maccluer and others 1986: Williams-Blangero 1993). 7~ o£~ Cartel ~71~r~ ~~7ll7t 5er~-5~ °~!5L5D7~ 0 $1~ 7R~!i]'oJr~(Festing 1979: Gill 1980). ~ *717m 677=u~^J(homozygosity)ql LION Olin *~ MID Al Al ~ ~$olEl221 to. Hl~Mol 60~0~r] ~74 go And aim —, *7,579 ~7'=~MO gO~ 5~El2sof~ 7.1 °l ~~r4(Festing 1982: Hedrich 1990) Balm ~l4El7S* $1oR ~°038479, 3479. F7'|~o*~7m 71~r°l 7U~"lr'r(Cramer 1983: Groen 1977: Hoffman and others 1980: Russel and others 1993). ~ I ~Iu8^cfqn 5'1~ *767= Til7ji}~ HAITI Morale_ 7g7ctt ~A|^c~o e 5 D Green 1981: KemPthorne 1957). 51

1~J 13~7J~ ~(transsenic animal)= ~1+ 17R~ AH* ~*~xl~J, ,Q,~ tt1 ~ 0]T$l~ ~ I *I T(COpY number)~1 ~1lol54~ ~~ ~= ~°1~. o,3*76~ ~ q:o~T$1qlAl oldish AH~H*7d ~ - ~704 JILL 71~o~—~ 1 ~ owl e mr ~ 7R7R~ I. ~~ ACHE ~~ Ao7~ +7t AA~ BALM 7~7371 ~ ~~ * ~ ~~ ~ e ~-~8 ~~ ~~ ~~ al 71 Bow *,, 7~o1 *A1~T7~ AL inert, A17,l~ 70~ql sqbH ~ °~3*~7~15!j ~34. ~Q Alma 5!~ A>~5] +~1ql r4Hlot°] (embryo). ma. 79~54 ~79~ ~^ 7,4~ ma. $!T~93 741~ol~ 01~7r1~ Amp Q7~ ~R70 a Is ~~! Do~s~qR ~ 73~ol ~o~°l 71~CH ~~ Sol (NRC 1979b). 9~741 a;] alp D-1 ~771ql at of°~(Festing and others 1972). ~77741 Ill tt~°l(Festing and Stants 1973: Gill 1984: NRC 1992a), ~777R Dl$^ql ~ol(Dl$^s~l *7J~ ~~Ooilo ;~°4ql Its ~2R$1 1(1nternational Committee on Standardized Genetic Nomenclature for Mice 1981 a,b.c) ~ OJ117~ In ~1 (NRC 1992b), 7~74 ~73 $1 ~ ~ 7t Do Do ~°~t end 30 709151 - al 0 ~ ~ 01 4. 52

~ 2 ~ sin/ ~~ ~~ DJ ~~ ~t~f~l Ames, B. N., M. K. Shigenaga, and T. M. Haven. 1993. Review: Oxidants, antioxidants, and the degenerative diseases of aging. Proc, Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:7915-7922. Anzaldo, A. J., P C. Harrison, G. L. Riskowski. L. A. Sebek, R-G. Maghirang. and H. W. GonYou. 1994. Increasing welfare of laboratory rats with the help of spatially enhanced cages. AWIC Newsy. 5(3): 1-2,5. Armario. A.. J. M. Castellanos, and J. Balasch. 1985. Chronic noise stress and insulin secretion in male rats. Physiol. Behav. 34:359-361. ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers, inc.). 1992. Chapter 25: Air Cleaners for Particulate Contaminants. In 1992 ASHRAE Handbook: HVAC SYstems and Equipment, I-P edition. Atlanta: ASHRAE. ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers, inc.). 1993. Chapter 9: Environmental Control for Animals and Plants. In 1993 ASHRAE Handbook: Fundamentals, I-Pedition. Atlanta: ASHRAE. AWIC (Animal Welfare information Center). 1992.Environmental enrichment information resources for nonhuman primates: 1987-1992. National Agricultural Library, US Department of Agriculture: National Library of Medicine, National institutes of Health; Primate information Center, University of Washington. Bavne, K.1991. Providing environmental enrichment to captive primates. Compendium on Cont. Educ. for the Practicing Vet. 13(11):1689-1695. BaYne, K., M. Haines, S. Dexter, D. Woodman, and C. Evans. 1995. Nonhuman primate wounding prevalence: A retrospective analysis. Lab Anim. 24(4) :40-43. Belihorn, R. W. 1980.Lighting in the animal environment. Lab. Anim. Sci.30(2. Part 11):440-450. Bernstein, 1. 5.1964. The integration of rhesus monkeys introduced to a group. Folia Primatol. 2:50-63. Bernstein, I. S., T. P. Gordon, and R. M. Rose. 1974a. Aggression and social controls in rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatto) groups revealed in group formation studies. Folia Primatol. 21:81-107. Bernstein, I. S., R. M. Rose. and T. P. Gordon. 1974b. Behavioral and environmental events influencing primate testosterone levels. J. Hum. Evol. 3:517-525. Besch, E. L. 1990. Environmental quality within animal facilities Lab. Anim. Sci. 30: 385-406. Borer, K. T., A. Pryor, C. A. Conn, R. Bonna, and M. Kielb. 1988. Group housing accelerates growth and induces obesity in adult hamsters. Am. J. Physiol. 255(1,Part 2):R128-133. Brain, P., and D. Bention. 1979. The interpretation of Physiological correlates of differential housing in laboratory rats. Life Sci. 24:99-115. Brainard, G. C. 1989. Illumination of laboratory animal quarters: Participation of light irradiance and wavelength in the regulation of the neuroendocrine system. Pp. 69-74 in Science and Animals: Addressing Contemporary 53

4!~7~1 Amp} ~~ ~~ .~1~1 Issues. Greenbelt, Md: Scientists Center for Animal Welfare. Brainard, G. C.,M. K. Vaughan, and R. J. Reiter. 1986. Effect of light irradiance and wavelength on the Svrian hamster reproductive system. Endocrinology 119(2):648-654. Broderson, J. R. J. R. Lindsev, and J. E. Crawford. 1976. The role of environmental ammonia in respiratory mYcoPlasmosis of rats. Am. J. Path. 85:115-127. Brown, A. M.,and J. D. Pye. 1975. Auditorv sensitiory at high frequencies in mammals. Adv. Camp. Physiol. Biochem. 6:1-73. Casper, J. 1991. Integrating veterinary services into disaster management plans. J Am Vet. Med. Assoc. 199(4):444-446. CFR (Code of Federal Regulations). 1985. Title 9 (Animals and Animal Products), Subchapter A (Animal Welfare). Washington, D.C.: Office of the Federal Register. CherrY, J. A. 1987. The effect of photoperiod on development of sexual behavior and fertility in golden hamsters. Physiol. Behav. 39(4):521-526. Clough, G. 1982. Environmental effects on animals used in biomedical research. Bilo. Rev. 57:-487523. Cramer, D. V. 1983.Genetic monitoring techniques in rats. ILAR News 26(4): 15-19. Crockett, C. M. C. L. Bowers, G. P. Sackett. end D M. Bowden 1993. Urinary cortisol responses of lonstailed macaques to five case sizes, tethering, sedation, and room change. Am J. Primatol 30:55-74. Crocked, C. M., C. L. Bowers, D. M. Bowden, and G.P. Sackett. 1994 Sex differences in compatibility. of pair-housed adult lonstailed macaques. Am. J. Primatol. 32:73-94. Crockett, C. M. C. L. Bowers, M. ShimoIi, M. Leu, D. M. Boween, and G. P. Sackett. 1995. Behavioral responses of lonsteiled macaques to different cage sizes end common laboratory experiences J. Comp. PsYchol. 109(4): 368-383. Diamond, M. C, E R Gresr. A. York. D. Lewis. T Barton, and J. Lin. 1987.Rat cortical morphology following crowded-enriched living conditions. EXP Neurol 96(2):241-247. Donahue, W. A., D. N. VanGundY, W. C. Satterfield, and L. G. Coghlan. 1989. Solving a tough Problem. Pest Control:46-50. Drickamer. L C 1977 Delay of sexual maturation in female house mice bv exposure to grouped females or urine from grouped females J Reprod Fertil. 51 :77-81 Duncan, T E.,and W. K. O Steen. 1985. The diurnal susceptibility of rat retinal photoreceptors to light-induced damage. Exp. Eye Res. 41 (4) :497-507. Dyke, B 1993. Basic data standards for primate colonies. Am. J. Primatol. 29: 1 25-143. Eadie. J. M. and S. O. Mann. 1970. Development of the rumen microbial population: High starch diets and instability. PP. 335-347 in Physiology Of Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium. A. T. PhilliPson, E. F. Annison, D. G. Armstrong, C. C. Balch, R. S Comline, R N Hardy, P N Hobson, and R D Keynes, eds. Newcastle open Tyne, Engisod: F R.S. Oriel Press Limited. Erkert. H. G., and J Grober 1986 Direct modulation of activity end body 54

~ 2 ~ ~~ In, TO ~ ~4 temperature of owl monkeYs(Aofus lemurinus oriseimemora)by low light intensities. :0 a Primatol. 47(4):171-188. Festing, M. F. W. 1979. Inbred Strains in Biomedical Research. London: MacMillan Press. 483 pp. Festing, M. F. W. 1982. Genetic contamination of laboratory animal colonies: an increasingly serious Problem. ILAR News 25(4):6-10. Festing, M., and J. Staats. 1973. Standardized nomenclature for inbred strains of rats. Fourth listing. Transplantation 16(3):221-245. Festing. M. F. W., K. Kondo, R. Loosli, S. M. Foilev, and A. Spiegel. 1 972. International standardized nomenclature for outbred stocks of laboratory animals. ICLA Bu11.30:4-17. Fidler, I. J. 1977. Depression of macroPhages in mice drinking hyperchlorineted water Nature 270:735-736. Fletcher, J. L. 1976. Influence of noise on animals. PP. 51-62 in Control of the Animal House Environment. Laboratory Animal Handbooks 7, T. McSheeby, cd. London: Laboratory Animals Ltd. Flynn. R. J. 1959. Studies on the e. oicuy of ringtail of rats. Proc. Anim. Care Panel 9:155-160. Fullerton, P. M. and R. W. Gilliatt. 1967. Pressure neuropathY in the hind foot of the guinea pig. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 30:18-25. Fullerton, F. R., D. L. Greenman, and D. C. Kendall. 1982. Effects of storage conditions on nutritional qualities of semipurified (AIN-76) and natural ingredient (NIH-07) diets. J. Nutr. 112(3):567-473. Gamble, M. R. and G. Clough. 1976. Ammonia build-up in animal boxes and its effect on rat tracheal epithelium. Lab. Anim. (London) 10(2):93-104. Garg, R. C. and W. A. Donahue. 1989. Pharmacologic Profile of methoprene, and insect growth regulator, in cattle. dogs, and cats. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 194(3):410-412. Garrard, G., G. A. Harrison, and J. S. Weiner. 1974. Reproduction and survival of mice at 23' C. J. ReProd. Fertil. 37:287-298. Geber, W. F., T. A. Anderson. and B. Van Dyen. 1966. Physiologic responses of the albino rat to chronic noise stress. Arch. Environ. Health 12:751-754. Gibson, S. V., C. Besch-Williford, M. F. Raisbeck, J. E. Wagner, and R. M. McLaughlin. 1987. OrganoDhosphate toxicity in rats associated with contaminated bedding. Lab. Anim. 37(6):7 89-791. Gill. T. J. 1980. The use of randomly bred and genetically defined animals in biomedical research. Am. J. Pathol. 101(3S):S21-532. Gill, T. J., III. 1984.Nomenclature of alloantigenic systems in the rat. ILAR News 27(3) :11 -12. Gordon, C. J. 1990.Thermal biology of the laboratory rat. PhYsiol. Behav. 47:963-991. Gordon, C. J. 1993. Temperature Regulation in Laboratorv Animals. New York: Cambridge University Press. Grant, E. C., and J. H. Mackintosh. 1963. A comparison of the social postures of some common laboratory rodents. Behavior 21:246-259. Green, E. L. 1981. Genetics and Probability in Animal Breeding Experiments. New York: Oxford University Press. 271 PP. Greenman, D. L., P. Bryant. R. L. Kodell, and W. Sheldon. 1982. Influence of cage shelf level on retinal atrophy in mice. Lab. Anim. Sci. 32(4):353-356. 55

~l~f~5y Exam} Amp/ Error ~~ Groen, A. 1977. Identification and genetic monitoring of mouse inbred strains using biomedical Polymorphisms. Lab. Anim. (London) 11(4):209-214. Grover-Johnson, N., and P. S. Spencer. 1981. Peripheral nerve abnormalities in aoino rats. J. Neuropath. Exp. Neurol. 40(2):155-165. Gust, D. A., T. P. Gordon, A. R. Bridler and H. M. McClure. 1994. Effect of a preferred companion in modulating stress in adult female rhesus monkeys. PhYsiol. 3ehav. 55(4):681-684. Hall, J. E., W. J. White, and C. M. Lang 1980. Acidification of drinking water: its effects on selected biologic phenomena in male mice. Lab. Anim. Sci. 30:643-651. Harvey, P. W.. and P. F. D. Chevins. 1987. Crowding during Pregnancy delays puberty and alters estrous cycles of female offspring in mice. Experiential 43(3) :306-308. Hedrich, H. J. 1990. Genetic Monitoring of inbred Strains of Rats. New York: Gustav, Fischer Verlao 539 PP. Hermann, L. M., W. J. White, and C. M. Lang. 1982. Prolonged exposure to acid, chlorine, or tetracycline in drinking water: Effects on delayed-type hypersensitivity, hemagglutination titers, and reticuloendothelial clearance rates in mice. Lab. Anim. Sci. 32:603-608. Hoffman, H. A., K. T. Smith. J. S. Crowell, T. Nomura, and T. Tomita. 1980. Genetic quality control of laboratory animals with emphasis on genetic monitoring. PP. 307-317 in Animal Quality and Models in Biomedical Research, A. Spiegel , S. Erichsen, and H.A. Sol leveld, eds. Stuttoart: Gustav Fischer Verlao. Homberoer, F. R., Z. Pataki, and P. E. Thomann. 1993. Control of Pseudomonas aeru~7inosa infection in mice by chlorine treatment of drinking water. Lab. Anim Sci. 43(6):635-637. I lushes, H. C.. and S. Reynolds. 1995. The use of computational fluid dynamics for modeling air flow design in a kennel facililv. Contemp. Topics 34:49-53. International Committee on Standardized Genetic Nomenclature for Mice. 1981a. Rules and guide-lines for gene nomenclature. Pp. 1-7 in Genetic Variants and Strains of the Laboratory Mouse, M. C. Green, ed. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlao. International Committee on Standardized Genetic Nomenclature for Mice. 1981b. Rules for the nomenclature of chromosome abnormalities. PP. 314-316 in Genetic Variants and Strains of the Laboratory Mouse, M. C. Green, ed. Stuttoart: Gustav Fischer Verlao. International Committee on Standardized Genetic Nomenclature for Mice. 1931c. Rules for the nomenclature of inbred strains. PP. 368-372 in Genetic Variants and Strains of the Laboratorv Mouse, M. C. Green, ed. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlao. Jacobs, B. B., and D. K. Dieter. 1978. Spontaneous hepatomas in mice inbred from Ha:lCR Swiss stock: Effects of sex, cedar shavings in bedding and immunization with fetal liver or hePatoma cells. J. Natl. Cancer inst. 61(6): 1531-1534. Jones, D. M. 1977. The occurrence of dieldrin in sawdust used as bedding material. Lab. Anim. 11:137 Kaplan, J R., S. B. Manuck, T. B. Clarkson, F. M Lasso, and D. M. Taub. 5ci

;¢ 2 ~ Ezra/ Ad, T71 in' Etel 1982 Social status, environment, and atherosclerosis in cvnomolous monkeys. Atherosclerosis 2(5):359-368. Kaufman, J. E. 1984. IES Lighting Handbook Reference Volume. New York: Illuminating Engineering Society. KaufmaYork: illuminating Engineering Society. Keenan, K. P., P. F. Smith, and K. A. Doper. 1994. Effect of dietary (caloric) n, J. E.. 1987. ES Lighting Handbook Application Volume. New restriction on aging, survival, PathobiolosY and toxicology. PP. 609-628 in Pathobioloov of the Aging Rat. vol.2, W. Notter, D. L. Dungworth, and C. C. Capen, eds. international Life Sciences institute. Kempthorne, O. 1957. An introduction to Genetic Statistics. New York: John Wiley and Sons. King, J. E., and G. W. Bennett. 1989. Comparative activity of fenoxYcarb and hydroprene in sterilizing the German cockroach (DictYoPtera: Blattellidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 82(3):833-838. Kraft, L. M. 19&0. The manufacture, shipping and receiving, and quality control of rodent bedding materials. Lab. Anim. Sci. 30(2):366-376. Lacy, R. C. 1989. Analysis of founder representation in pedigrees: Founder equivalents and founder genome equivalents. Zoo Biology 8:111-123. Lanum, J. 1979. The damaging effects of light on the retina: Empirical findings, theoretical and practical implications. Surv. Ophthalmol. 22:221-249. Larson, R. E., and R. O. Hess. 1976. Feedlot and Ranch Equipment for Beef Cattle. Farmers' Bulletin No. 1584. Washington, D.C.: Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. 20 DO. Leveille, G. A., and R. W. Hanson. 1966. Adaptive changes in enzyme activity and metabolic Pathways in adipose tissue from meal-fed rats. J. Lipid Res. 7:46. MacCluer, J. W., J. L. VandeBerg, B. Read, and O. A. Rvder. 1986. Pedigree analysis by computer simulation. Zoo Biology 5:147-160. Midwest Plan Service. 1987. Structures and Environment Handbook. 11th ed. rev. Ames: Midwest Plan Service, Iowa State University. Moore, B. J. 1987. The California diet: An inappropriate tool for studies of thermogenesis. J. Nutr. 117(2):227-231. Murakami, H. 1971. Differences between internal and external environments of the mouse cage. Lab. Anim. Sci. 21(5):680-684. NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). 1988. Summary of conclusions reached in workshop and recommendations for lighting animal housing modules used in microgravity related projects. Pp. 5-8 in Lighting Requirements in MicrogravitY Rodents and Nonhuman Primates. NASA Technical Memorandum 101077, D. C, Halley, C. M. Winget, and H. A. Leon, eds. Moffett Field, Calif.: Ames Research Center. 273pP. Nayfield, K. C., and E. L. Besch. 1981. Comparative responses of rabbits and rats to elevated noise. Lab. Anim. Sci. 31(4):386-390, Newberne. P. M. 1975. Influence on pharmacological experiments of chemicals and other factors in diets of laboratory animals, Fed. Proc. 34(2):209-218. Newbold. J. A., L. T. Chopin, S. A. Zinn. and H.A. Tucker. 1991. Effects of PhotoPeriod on mammary development and concentration of hormones in serum of pregnant dairy heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 74(1):100-108 57

~~H ~~ item ~~ ~1~ NRC (National Research Council). 1977. Nutrient Requirements of Rabbits. A report of the Committee on Animal Nutrition. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. NRC (National Research Council). 1978. Nutrient Requirements of Nonhuman Primates. A report of the Committee on Animal Nutrition. Washington, D,C.: National Academy Press. NRC (National Research Council). 1979a. Laboratory Animal Records. A report of the Committee on Laboratory Animal Records. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. NRC (National Research Council). 1979b. Laboratory animal management: Genetics. A report of the institute of Laboratory Animal Resources. ILAR News 23(1):A1-A16. NRC (National Research Council). 1981a. Nutrient Recuirements of Cold Water Fishes. A report of the Committee on Animal Nutrition. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. NRC (National Research Council). 1981b. Nutrient Requirements of Goats. A report of the Committee on Animal Nutrition, D.C.: National Academv Press. NRC (National Research Council). 1982. Nutrient Requirements of Mink and Foxes. A report of the Committee on Animal Nutrition. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. NRC (National Research Council). 1983. Nutrient Requirements of Warm Water Fishes and Shellfishes. A report of the Committee on Animal Nutrition. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, NRC (National Research Council). 1984. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Canle. A report of the Committee on Animal Nutrition. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. NRC (National Research Council). 1985a. Nutrient Requirements of Dogs. A report of the Committee on Animal Nutrition. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. NRC (National Research Council). 1985b, Nutrient Requirements of Sheep. A report of the Committee on Animal Nutrition. Washington, D.C,: National Academv Press. NRC (National Research Council). 1986. Nutrient Requirements of Cats. A report of the Committee on Animal Nutrition. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. NRC (National Research Council). 1988. Nutrient Requrements of Swine. A report of the Committee on Animal Nutrition. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. NRC (National Research Council). 1989a. Nutrient Requirements of Horses. A report of the Committee on Animal Nutrition. Washington, D.C.: National Academv Press. NRC (National Research Council). 1989b.. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. A report of the Committee on Animal Nutrition. Washington, D.C.: National Academv Press. NRC (National Research Council). 1992a. Definition, nomenclature, and conservation of rat strains. A report of the institute of Laboratory Animal Resources Committee on Ret Nomenclature. ILAR News 34(4): 51-S26. NRC (National Research Council). 1992b. Standardized nomenclature for 58

~ 2 ~ ~~ An, TO ~ ~~ transoenic animals. A report of the institute of Laboratory Animal Resources Committee on Trensoenic Nomenclature. ILAR News 34(4):45-52 NRC (National Research Council) 1994 Nutrient Requirements of Poultry A report of the Committee on Animal Nutrition Washington, D C: National Academy Press NRC (National Research Council) 1995 Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals A report of the Committee on Animal Nutrition. Washington, D C: National Academv Press. NRC (National Research Council) In press. Psychological Well-being of Nonhuman Primates A report of the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources Committee on Well-being of Nonhuman Primates Washington, D C: National Academy Press NSC (National Safety Council) 1979 Disposal of potentially contaminated animal wastes. Data sheet 1-679-79 Chicago: National Safety Council Ohio Cooperative Extension Service. 1987a Pesticides for Poultry and Poultry Buildings Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University. Ohio Cooperative Extension Service. 1987b. Pesticides for Livestock and Farm Buildings. Columbus. Ohio: Ohio State University Ortiz, R., A. Armario, J. M Castellanos. and J Balasch. 1985. Post-weaning crowding induces corticoadrenal hyperactivity in male mice. PhYsiol. Behav. 34(6) :857-860. Ortman. J A.. J. Sahenk, and J. R. Mendell. 1983. The experimental Production of Renault bodies. J Neural. Sci 62:233-241 O' Steen. W. K. 1980. Hormonal influences in retinal Photodamage. PP 29-49 in The Effects of Constant Light on Visual Processes, T.P Wolliems and B N Baker. eds. New York: Plenum Press. Pekrul, D. 1991. Noise control Pp 166-173 in Handbook of Facilities Planning. Vol. 2: Laboratory Animal Facilities, T Ruys, ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. 422 PP. Pennycuik, P R. 1967. A comparison of the effects of a range of high environmental temperatures and of two different Periods of acclimatization on the reproductive performances of male and female mice. Aust. J EXP. .Biol. Med Sci 45:527-532 Peterson. E A 1980.Noise and laboratory animals. Lab Anim. Sci. 30(2. Part 11) :42-439 Peterson. E A, J. S Augenstein, D C Tanis, and D. G. Augenstein 1981. Noise raises blood Pressure without impairing auditory sensitivity Science 211: 1450-1452 Pfaff. J., and M Stecker 1976. Loudness levels and frequency content of noise in the animal house. Lab Anim (London) 10(2):111-117. Poiley, S. M. 1960. A systematic method of breeder rotation for non-inbred laboratory animal colonies Proc Anim. Care Panel 10(4):159-166. Reingardt, V. D.. D. Houser. S. Eisele. D. CowleY, and R. Vertein. 1968. Behavioral responses of unrelated rhesus monkey females Paired for the purpose of environmental enrichment. Am. J Primatol 14:135-140 Reinhardt. V 1989 Behavioral responses of unrelated adult male rhesus monkeys familiarized and Paired for the purpose of environmental enrichment. Am J. Primatol. 17:243-248 Reynolds. S D. and H C Hughes 1994 Design and optimization of air flow 59

11~73:z=-~ ~1~ ^~ ~~ ~1=J Patterns. Lab Anim. 23:46-49. Rollin, 3. E. 1990. Ethics and research animals: theory and Practice Pp. 19-36 in The Experimental Animal in Biomedical Research. Vol. 1: A Survey of Scientific and Ethical issues for investigators. B. Rollin and M. Kesel, ads. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press Russell, R J., M :: W. Festing, A A. Deeny, and A G. Peters. 1 993. DNA fingerprinting for genetic monitoring of inbred laboratory rats and mice. Lab. Anim. Sci. 43:460-465. Sales, G. D. 1991. The effect of 22 KHz calls and artificial 38DHz signals on activity in rats. Behav. Processes 24:83-93. Saltarelli, D. G., and C. P. CoPwla. 1979. Influence of visible light on organ weights of mice. Lab. Anim. Sci. 29(3):319-322 Schoeb, T. R., M K. Davidson. and J R Lindsey 1982 Intracage ammonia promotes growth of mycoplasma pulmonis in the respiratory tract of rats. Infect. Immun. 38:212-217. SemPle-Rowland, S. L., and W. W. Dawson 1 987. Retinal cyclic light damage threshold for albino rats. Lab Anim. Sci 37(3)289-298 Serrano, L J 1971 Carbon dioxide and ammonia in mouse cages: Effect of cage covers, population and activity. Lab. Anim. Sci. 21(1):75-85. StoskoPf, M. K. 1983. The physiological effects of Psychological stress Zoo Biology 2: 179-1 90 Stricklin, W. R. 1995. Space as environmental enrichment. Lab. Anim. 24(4): 24-29 Thiopen, J E, E H Lebetkin, M L Davves. J. L Clark, C. L. Langley, H. L. Amy, and D. Crawford. 1989 A standard procedure for measuring rodent bedding particle size and dust content. Lab. Anim. Sci. 39(1):60-62. Torronen, R., K. Pelkonen, and S. Karenlampi. 1989. EnzYme-inducins and cytotoxic effects of wood-based materials used as bedding for laboratory animals Comparison by a cell culture study. Life Sci. 45:559-565. Tucker, H A, D. Petitclerc, and S A Zinn 1984. The influence of Photoperiod on bobv weight gain, bodv composition, nutrient intake and hormone secretion J Anim. Sci. 59(6):1610-1620 US EPA (U.S Environmental Protection Agency). 1936. EPA guide for infectious waste management. Washington D C: U.S Environmental Protection Agency: Publication no EPA/530-5w-86-014 Vandebergh, J. G. 1971. The effects of gonadal hormones on the aggressive behavior of adult golden hamsters. Anim. Behav. 19:585-590. Vandenbergh, J. G. 1986. The suppression of ovarian function by chemosignals. Pp 423-432 in Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 4, D Duvall, D Muller-Schwarze, and R M. Silverstein, eds New York: Plenum Publishing. Vandenbergh. J. G. 1989 Coordination of social signals and ovarian function during sexual development J Anim. Sci 67:1841-1847 Vesell, E S 1967 induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes in liver microsomes of mice and rats by softwood bedding Science 157:1057-1058. Vesell, E. S. C. M Lang, W. J. White, G T Passananti, and S L Trips 1973. Hepatic drug metabolism in rats: Impairment in a dirtv environment. Science 179:896-897 Vesell, E. S. C M. Lang W. J White, G T. Passananti, R. N Hill. T. L 60

~ 2 ~ ~~ my, To ~ ~~ Clemens. D. L. Liu, and W. D. Johnson, 1976. Environmental and genetic factors affecting response of laboratory animals to drugs. Fed. Proc. 35:1125-1132. Vlahakis, G. 1977. Possible carcinogenic effects of cedar shavings in bedding of C3H-AVYfB mice. J. Ntl, Cancer Inst. 58(1):149-150. vom Saal, F. 1984. The intrauterine position phenomenon: Effects on physiology aggressive behavior and population dynamics in house mice. PP. 135-179 in Biological Perspectives on Aggression. K. FlannellY. R. Blanchard, and D. Blanchard, eds. Prod. Clin. Biol. Res. Vol. 169 New York: Alan Liss. Wardrip, C. L., J. E. Artwohl, and B. T. Bennett. 1994. A review of the role of temperature versus time in an effective cage sanitation Program. Contemp. Topics 33:66-68. Warfield, D. 1973. The study of hearing in animals Pp. 43-143 in Methods of Animal Experimentation, IV, W. Gav. ed. London: Academic Press. Wax. T. M. 1977. Effects of age, strain, and illumination intensity on activity and self-selection of light-dark schedules in mice. J. Camp. Phvsiol. PsYchol. 91 (1) :51-62. Weichbrod, R. H., J. E. Hall, R. C. Simmonds, and C. F. Cisar. 1986. Selecting bedding material. Lab Anim. 15(6):25-9. Weichbrod, R. H., C. F. Cisar, J. G. Miller. R. C. Simmonds, A. P. Alvares, and T. H. Ueng. 1988. Effects of cage beddings on microsomal oxidative enzymes in rat liver. Lab. Anim. Sci. 38(3):296-8. WharY, M., R. Peper, G. Borkwski, W. Lawrence, and F. Ferguson, 1 993. The effects of group housing on the research use of the laboratory rabbit. Lab. Anim. 27:330-341. White, W. J. 1990. The effects of cage space and environmental factors, PP. 29-44 in Guidelines for the well-being of Rodents in Research, H. N.Guttman, ed. Proceedings from a conference organized by the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare and held December 9, 1989, in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Bethesda, Md.: Scientists Center for Animal Welfare. White, W. J., M. W. Balk, and C. M. Lang. 1989. Use of cage space bv guinea pigs. Lab. Anim. (London)23:208-214. Williams-Blangero, S. 1991. Recent trends in genetic research on captive and wild nonhuman primate POD at -no. Year. PhYs. AnthroDol. 34:69-96 Williams Blangero, S. 1 993. Research-oriented genetic management of nonhuman Primate colonies Lab. Anim. Sci. 43:535-540. Wolff, A., and Rupert, G. 1991. A practical assessment of a nonhuman Primate exercise program. Lab. Anim. 20(2):36-39. Wostman, B. S. 1975. Nutrition and metabolism of the germfree mammal. World Rev. Nutr. Diet. 22:40-92. Zondek, B., and 1. Tamari. 1954. Effect of audiogenic stimulation on genital function and reProduction. III. InfertilitY induced by auditory stimuli Prior to mating. Acta EndocrinoL 45(Suppl.90):227-234. 61

Next: Chapter 3 »
Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals -- Korean Edition Get This Book
×
Buy Paperback | $47.00
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!