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OCR for page 119
Index
A
Accidents and emergencies, 17, 18, 46. 62
Acclimation and adaptation, 28-29
of newly acquired animals, 57, 58
to outdoor housing, 25, 30
Acquisition of animals, 57
Activity and exercise, 37, 38
Agricultural research, 4-5
Arrbome contaminants, 17, 22-23, 24, 33, 62-63
Arrflow, see Ventilation amd airflow
Air pressure, 17, 31, 76, 79
Albinism, 35
Altematives to animal research, 1, 10, 117
recommended readings, 82-83
American Association for Accreditation of
Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC),
102-103
American Association for Laboratory Animal
Science (AALAS), 13, 103
American College of Laboratory Animal
Medicine (ACLAM), 103
Amencam Humane Association (AHA), 103- 104
Amencan Humane Education Society (AHES),
110
American Society of Heating, Refrigeration,
and Air-Conditioning Engineers
(ASHRAE), 32
119
American Society- of Laboratory Animal
Practitioners (ASLAP), 104
Amencam Society of Primatologists (ASP), 104
Amencam Veterinary Medical Association
(AVMA), 65. 104-105
Amphibians, recommended readings, 83
Analgesia and analgesics, 12, 64-65
recommended readings, 83-84
Anesthesia and anesthetics, 12, 63, 64-65
recommended readings, 83-85
recovery from, 63-64, 79
waste gases, 17
Animal and Plant Health inspection Service
(APHIS), 112-113, 114
Animal care and use protocols, 8-11
Animal training, 11, 25
Animal Welfare Act. 113, 114
Animal Welfare information Center (AWIC),
13, 37, 105
Animal Welfare Inebtute (AWI), 105
Animal Welfare Regulations (AWRs), 2, 4, 8,
9,10,113,114,117
housing guidelines, 25, 26
on personnel qua if ica'.ions, 13, 61
on transport, 57
on veterinary care, 13
Antibiotics, 61
Anxiolytics, 65
OCR for page 120
120
Apes, see Nonhuman primates
Association of Primate Vetennarians (APV),
105-106
Australia and New Zealand Council for the
Care of Animals in Research and
Teaching (ANZCCART), 106
Autoclaving
of foods and bedding, 39, 41
for surgery, 62, 79
B
Barrier entry systems, 16
Bedding, 24, 32, 41
changing of, 24, 29, 34, 42, 44
disposal, 15, 16
Behavior and behavior changes, 2, 11, 12, 22,
23, 25, 36-38
Biologic agents and hazards, 14, 16, 18, 44
recommended readings, 85-86
waste disposal, 44, 45
Biologic-safety cabinets, 17, 76
Birds, recommended readings, 87
Bites and scratches, 14, 18
Bordetella bronchiseptica, 59
Breeding and reproduction, 47, 57
environmental conditions for, 22, 25,
35
records, 46, 47
C
Cages and caging, 23, 38
cleaning and sanitation, 24, 43, 44
complexities in, 25, 36
dimensions and space allocation, 25-28
floonng, 24, 43
see also Primary enclosures
Calone restriction, 40
Canadian Association for Laboratory Animal
Medicine/L'Association canadiemne
dela medecine des ammaux de
laboratoire (CALAM/ACMAL), 106-
107
Canadian Association for Laboratory Animal
Science/L ' Association canadienne pour
la technologie des animeaux laboratoire
(CALAM/ACTAL), 106-107
Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC), 13,
107
Carcass disposal, 45, 73, 77
INDEX
Cats, 38, 46
housing requirements, 25, 28, 32
procurement, 57
recommended readings, 87
Cable, space requirements, 26, 31, 38
Cedar shavings, 41
Ceilings, 75
Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing
(CAAT), 107-108
Center for Laboratory Animal Welfare
(CLAW), 110
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC), 16, 18
Cercopithecine herpesvlrus, 18, 59
Chairing, 11
Chemical cleaning agents, 14, 43, 62
Cbtickens, 28, 32
Circadian cycles, 34, 35
Cleaning and sanitation, 15, 24, 34, 42-44, 72,
77-78
Clinical records, 46-47
Clothing, 15, 17
Cold storage and refngeration, 39, 45, 77
Committees, see Institubonal animal care and
use committees (lACUCs)
Computer modeling
as an alternative to animal use, 10, 117
in facility design, 31, 71
Conditioned-response protocols, 12
Construcdon materials, 23, 72
Contaminants
airborne, 17, 22-23, 24, 33, 62-63
in food, 38, 39
recommended readings, 88-89
in water, 40, 41
Corridors, 16, 73, 77
Cryopreservation, 47-48
D
Defecation, 23, 43
Dehydration, 12
Diagnosis, 59-60
Diet and dietary control, 12, 39, 40
Disaster planning, 46
Disease control, 57-58, 60
Disease susceptibility, 22-23, 37
Disinfection, 23, 24, 42-44
Disposable clothing, 15
Distress
and euthanasia, 10, 65, 66
procedures causing, 10-11, 65, 117
OCR for page 121
[ODES
Diurnal cycles, 35
Dogs, 11, 37, 38, 46
housing requirements, 24, 25-26, 28, 29n,
32, 38
procurement, 57
recommended readings, 87
Doors, 73
Double-corridor facilities, 16
Drafts, 31
Drainage, 17, 24, 74
Drugs, 11
recommended readings, 96-97
Dry-bulb temperature, 29, 31
E
Education and training of personnel, 13-14, 15,
16, 117
in noise reduction, 36
recommended readings, 100-101
in safety procedures, 15, 16
in surgical procedures, 61
Electric power systems, 76
Emergency procedures, 17, 18; 46, 62
Enclosures, see Cages and caging: Primary
enclosures; Secondary enclosures
Endangered Species Act, 114- 115
Entrapment, 23
Environmental conditions, 22-36
natural versus controlled, 4, 22, 25
see also Facilities; Housing
Environmental enrichment, 21, 25, 27, 36-38
recommended readings, 88
Ergonomics, 15
Escape, 23, 24
Ether, 17
Ethics, recommended readings, 89
Euthanasia, 10, 65-66
recommended readings, 89
and surgicalprocedures, 62, 117
Exercise and activity, 37, 38
Exotic and wild species, 5, 30
endangered, 57, 114- 115
recommended readings, 89-90
F
Facilities, 71-79
for cleaning and sanitation, 15, 72, 77-78
121
for hazardous-agent experimentation, 16-17,
72, 76
recommended readings, 87-88
safety design and support, 15-16
for surgery, 62-63, 78-79
see also Cages and caging; Housing;
Outdoor housing; Primary enclosures;
Secondary enclosures; Space
requirements
Farm animals, 4-5, 46
housing requirements, 4, 28, 30-31, 32, 38
recommended readings, 4-5, 90-91
surgery on, 63, 79
Field studies, 5
Fighting, 37
Filter-top cages, 24, 29, 33, 58
Fish and Wildlife Service, 57, 115
Fishes, recommended readings, 83
F oonng, 24. 74
in cages, 24, 43
Food and feeding, 23, 25, 3840
autoclavings, 39, 41
bowls and devices, 26, 39-40, 43
recommended reading, 94-95
restrictions, 12, 40
storage, 39, 40, 41, 77
Foundation for Biomedical Research (FBR),
108
Furnishings, 23, 24, 26, 36-37
recommended readings, 88
G
Gas concentrations, 22, 33, 34
Genetics, 4748
recommended readings, 91-92
Gerbils, 32
Goats, 26, 30, 58
Groups, see Social groups and social
interaction
Guinea pigs, 27, 43, 58, 59
H
Hamsters, 27, 32, 43
Hazardous agents, 14, 16-17
recommended readings, 85-86, 88-89
waste disposal, 44, 45
Hearing protection, 17
OCR for page 122
122
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
(HVAC) systems, 33, 34, 75-76
Heat loads, 30, 31, 32, 33
Height, of enclosures, 25, 26-27
HEPA filters (high-efficiency particulate air
filters), 33-34, 76
Herpesvirus sinziae, 18, 59
Herpesvirus tamarinds, 59
Holidays, care dunng, 46
Horses, space requirements, 31, 38
Housing, 23, 117
factors in planning, 21-22
safety design, 15-16
see also Cages and caging: Outdoor
housing; Primary enclosures: Secondary
enclosures; Space requirements; and
specific animals
Humane Society of the United States (HSUS),
108-109
Human interaction, 38
Humidity and moisture, 22, 23, 24, 29, 30, 34,
75
Husbandry and management practices, 2, 38-46
for outdoor housing, 24-25
recommended readings, 92-93
see also Bedding; Cleaning and sanitation;
Food and feeding; Records and
recordkeeping; Repair and maintenance
1
Identification of animals, 46.57
Illuminating Engineenng Society of North
America (IESNA), 35
Illumination, 34-35, 76
Irnmunizauon. 18
Immunocompromised animals, 15, 44
Inbreeding, 47, 48
Incineration, 45
Infecuous-disease studies, 18
Inspections, 9
Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources
(ILAR), 2, 13, 109
Institutional anima care and use committees
(lACIUCs), 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9-10, 11, 22
and housing design, 24, 26, 27
recommended readings, 82
and surgical procedures, 12, 61
Interagency Research Animal Committee, 116
International Air Transport Association (IATA)
Live Animal Regulations, 57
INDEX
International Council for Laboratory Animal
Science (ICLAS), 109-110
Isolation, see Quarantine; Separation and
isolation
L
Laboratory Animal Management Association
(LAMA), 110
Laboratory personnel
medical evaluation, 17-18
qualifications and training, 13-14, 117
recommended readings, 100-101
see also Occupational health and safety
Laundenng services, 15
Light, 34-35, 76
Litter boxes, 26
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, 60
M
Macaques, 18, 59
Macroenvironment, 22
Major survival surgery, 11-12, 61
Massachusetts Society for Prevention of
Cruelty to Animals (MSPCA), 110
Medical examinations (personnel), 17-18
Metabolic processes, 22-23
Mice, 35, 58
diseases, 59, 60
housing requirements, 27, 32
Microenvironment, 22-23, 31
Modeling, see Computer modeling
Moisture, see Humidaty and moisture
Monkeys, see Nonhuman primates
Mouse hepatitis virus, 59, 60
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, 59
N
National Association for Biomedical Research
(NABR), 111
National Institutes of Health (NIH), 16, 18, 111
National Research Council (NRC), 14, 16, 18
Natural environments, 4, 22, 25
Neuromuscular blocking agents, 65
Nocturnal animals, 35
Noise, 17, 36, 73, 77
Nomenclature, 48
recommended readings, 91-92
OCR for page 123
INDEX
Nonhuman pntllates, 17, 36, 40
clinical records, 46, 47
diseases of, 18, 58, 59
housing requirements, 24-29 passim, 32, 37
imports, 57
recommended readings, 93-94
restraint, 11
Nontraditional species, see Exotic and wild
species
Nutrition, see Food and feeding
o
Occupational health and safety, 5, 10, 14-18
recommended readings, 85-86
Odors. 32, 33, 34, 42, 44
Of fice for Protection from Research Risks,
111
Outbreeding, 47, 48
Outdoor housing, 24-25
acclimation, 25, 30
pert control, 45
water sources, 41
p
Pain, 64, 117
control, 2, 10, 12, 64-65, 117
and euthanasia, 10, 65, 66
procedures causing, 10-11, 65, 117
recommended readings, 83-85
Paralysis, 65, 117
Parasites, readings, 95
Particulate concentrations, 22, 33, 34
Pasteurella mullocida, 59
Pastures, 4, 24, 25, 38
Pathology, readings, 95
Pedigrees, 47
Pens, 23, 24, 42-43
Perches, 23, 24, 25, 36
Perishable foods, 39
Pest control, 45-46
Pets, 57
Pharmacology, recommended readings, 96-97
Photoperiod, 34, 35, 74
Photostressors, 34
Phototoxic retinopathy, 35
Physical activity, 37, 38
Physical hazards, 14, 15, 16
Physical restraint, 11
Physiologic function, 11-12, 22-23
123
Pigeons, 28
Pigmentation, 35
Pilot studies, 10
Policies, 2-3
recommended readings, 93
see also Animal care and use protocols
Ponies, 31
Postures and postural adjustments, 2, 11, 23,
25, 37
Poultry, 32
Power systems, 76
Primary enclosures, 22, 23-24
cleaning and sanitation, 42-44
dimensions and space allocation, 25-28
flooring, 24
furnishings, 23, 26, 36-37
temperature and humidity, 29
ventilation and airflow, 22, 24, 31-33
see also Cages and caging
Primate information Center, 111
Primates, see Nonhuman primates
Primate Supply information Clearinghouse
(PSIC), 112
Procurement of animals, 57
Professional societies, 13, 102-112passim
Protective clothing, 15, 17
Protocols, 8-11
Public Health Service (PHS) Policy on Hmmame
Care a-d Use of Laboratory Animals, 2,
8, 9, 10, 111, 116
housing guidelines, 26
on personnel qualifications, 13, 61
on safety, 14
on veterinary care, 13
Purina Mills, inc., 112
Q
Quail, 28
Quarantines, 57, 58
see also Separation and isolation
R
Rabbits, 28, 32, 40, 43
diseases, 59
recommended readings, 97-98
Radiation, 14, 15, 45
Rats, 27, 32, 58
albindsm amd pbotoxicity, 35
diseases, 59, 60
OCR for page 124
124
Records and recordkeeping
clinical, 4647
genetic nnanagement, 47-48
identification, 46
Recycled airflow, 33-34, 76
Regulations, 2-3, 8, 10, 57
recommended readings, 93
Regulatory Enforcement of Animal Care
(REAC), 112-113
Removals from experiments, 10, 11, 12
Repair and maintenance, 23, 34
Reproduction, see Breeding and reproduction
Reptiles, recommended readings, 83
Respiratory protection, 17
Resting areas, 23, 25, 26, 36
Restraint, 11
Risk assessment, 14
Rodents, 36, 40, 43, 58
albinism amd photoxicity, 35
diseases of, 59, 60
housing requirements, 24, 25, 26, 27, 32
inbreeding, 47
pathogen-free, 60
recommended readings, 97-98
surgery on, 63, 78
toe-clipping, 46
Runs, 23, 24, 42-43
S
Safety, see Occupational health and safety
Sanitation, see Cleaning and sanitation
Scientists Center for Animal Welfare (SCAW),
112
Secondary enclosures, 22, 29, 44
doors and wmdows, 73-74
ventilation and airflow, 22, 31-33
see also Cages amd caging
Secunty, 46, 73
Sedation and sedatives, 12, 65
Separation and isolation, 46, 58-59, 60, 72
Senal publications, 99-100
Sheep, 26, 30, 38
Shelf-life, of food, 39
Sheltered housing, 24
Shelves, 24, 36
Showers, 15, 17, 73
Sialodacryoadenitis virus, 59
Simian hemorrhagic fever, 59
Simian nnmunodeficiency virus, 59
INDEX
Social groups amd social interaction, 21-27, 37-
38,40
Solid-bottom flooring, 24, 43
Space requirements, 25-28, 30, 31, 32, 38
Stabilization, 57, 58
Stenliration
of cages and equipment, 24, 44
of food, 39
of hazardous wastes, 45
for surgery, 62
Storage facilities and containers, 72, 77
for food and bedding, 39, 40, 41, 77
for waste, 45, 72, 77
Subclinical infections, 59, 60
Surgical procedures, 11-12,60-64, 117
autoclaving, 62, 79
facilities, 62-63, 78-79
oversight, 56
postsurgical care, 63-64, 79
recommended readings, 83-85
Surveillance, 16, 18, 58, 59-60
Swine
diseases, 59
space requirements, 26, 30
T
Temperature, 22, 24, 28-34, 74, 75
Tetanus, 18
Tethering, 11
"3 R's" (replacement, reduction, and
refinement), 108, 109
Timed lighting systems, 35, 76
Toe-clipping, 46
Traimng, see Animal training; Educauion and
training of personnel
Transgenic animals, 4748
Transport of animals, 57
Traps, 46
Treamment and therapeutic procedures, 60
Tuberculosis, 18, 57
Tunnels, 36
U
Universities Federation for Animal Welfare
(UFAW), 112
Unne, 23, 43
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), 57,
112-113, 114
OCR for page 125
INDEX
U.S. Department of the Intenor, 115
U 5 Government Principles for Uhlizatton and
Care of Vertebrate Animals used in
Testing, Research, and Training, 2, 5,
10, 116-117
V
Vaccination, of laboratory personnel, 18
Vegetables, 39, 40
Vendors of animals, 57
Ventilation and airflow, 17, 22, 23, 24, 29, 30-
34, 76-77, 78
Veterinarians
part-time and consulting, 12
responsibilities of, 8, 9, 12-13, 46, 56, 63,
117
Veterinary care, 11, 12-13, 56-66, 117
Veterinary technicians
education and training, 13
recommended readings, 100-101
Vinyl flooring, 24
Vitamin C, 39
125
W
Walls, 74-75
Washing facilities. 15
Waste matenals, 15-16, 42-43, 44-45
biologic hazards, 44, 45
and outside shelters, 24
storage, 45, 72, 77
Water supply, 40 41
devices, 26, 40-41, 43-44
restriction, 12
Weekend care, 46
Wild animals, see Exotic and wild species
Windows, 73-74
Wire flooring, 24, 43
Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center
(3hRPRC) Library, 113
Wood materials, 23, 41
z
Zoo animals, recommended readings, 89-90
Zoonoses, 5, 14, 15, 18, 58
recommended readings, 85-86
OCR for page 126
Related Publications
The following publications are available from the National Academy Press,
2101 Constitution Avenue, NW, Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055 (phone
toll-free 1-800-624-6242 or call 202-334-3313 in the Washington metropolitan
area) You may also order electronically via Luternet at http:llwww nap.edu.
Additional related publications, including the quarterly ILAR Journal and Prin-
ciples and Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Precollege Education, are avail-
able directly from the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources (phone: 202-
334-2590; fax: 202-334-1687; entail: ILAR@nas.edu; URL: http://www2.nas
edu/ilarhome/).
Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Research Animals.
Forthcoming
Psychological Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates. Forthcoming
Rodents: Laboratory Animal Management Series. Forthcoming
Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals, Fourth Revised Edition.
1995
Dogs: Laboratory Animal Management Series. 1994
Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, Ninth Revised Edition. 1994
Nutrient Requirements of Fish. 1993
Recognition and Alleviation of Pain and Distress in Laboratory Animals.
1992
Education and Training in the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals: A
Guide for Developing institutional Programs. 1991
Infectious Diseases of Mice and Rats. 1991
OCR for page 127
Companion Guide to Infectious Diseases of Mice and Rats. 1991
Immunodeficient Rodents: A Guide to Their Immunobiology, Husbandry,
and Use. 1989
Nutrient Requirements of Svnne, Ninth Revised Edition. 1988
Use of Laboratory Animals On Biomedical and Behavioral Research. 1988
Vitamin Tolerances of Animals. 1987
Nutrient Requirements of Cats, Revised Edition. 1986
Nutrient Requirements of Dogs. 1985
Nutrient Requirements of Sheep, Sixth Revised Edition. 1985
Nutrient Requirements of Goats. 1981
Mineral Tolerances of Domestic Animals. 1980
Nutrient Requirements of Nonhuman Primates. 1978
Nutrient Requirements of Rabbits. 1977
OCR for page 128
GUIDE FOR THE CARE AND USE OF LABORATORY ANIMALS
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1997 ~ 12 ~ 19 ~ up ~
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so 41: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ lP 41 TEL: 02-27883563
Representative terms from entire chapter:
laboratory animal
