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Amp
Animal Environment, Housing, and Management
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PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
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Microenvironment and Macroenvironment
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Primary Enclosures
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To convert square imches to square centimeters, multiply by 6.45.
b From cage floor to cage top.
c To convert inches to centi neters. multiply by 2.54.
dLarger animals might repurre more space to meet the performance standards (see text).
TABLE 2.2 Recommended Space for Rabbits, Cats, Dogs, Nonhuman
Primates, and Birds
Animals
Weight, kg a Floor Area Animal, fl 2 b Height in
Rabbits < 2 1.5 14
Up to 4 3.0 14
Up to 5.4 4.0 14
>5 , L' 2 5.0 14
Cats < 4 3.0 24
>4e 2 4.0 24
Dogs f <15 8.0
Up to 30 12.0
>3oe 2 24.0
Monkeysg'h
(including baboons)
Group I Up to 1 1.6 20
Group 2 Up to 3 30 30
Group 3 Up to 10 4 3 30
Group 4 Up to 15 6 0 32
Group 5 Up to 25 8.0 36
Group6 Upto30 10.0 46
Group7 >30 15.0 46
Apes (Pongidae) h
Groupl Upto20 10.0 55
Group2 Up to 35 15.0 60
Group3 >35' 25.0 -84
PigeonsJ — 0.3
QuailJ 0.25
ChickensJ <0.25 0.25
Up to 0.5 0.50
Up to 1.5 1.00 -
Up to 3.0 2.00
>3 Be 2 3.00
26
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TABLE 2.2 Continued
a To convert kilograms to pounds, multiply by 2.2.
bTo convert square feet to square meters, multiply by 0.09.
CFrom cage floor to cage top.
d To convert inches to centimeters, multiply by 2.54.
eLarger animals might require more space to meet performance standards (see
text)
f These recommendations might require modification according to body conformation
of individual animals and breeds. Some dogs, especially those toward upper limit of
each weight range, might require additional space to ensure compliance with the
regulations of the Animal Welfare Act. These regulations (CFR 1985) mandate that
the height of each cage be sufficient to allow occupant to stand in "comfortable
position" and that the minimal square feet of floor space be equal to 'mathematical
square of the sum of the length of the dog in inches (measured from the tip of its nose
to the base of its tail) plus 6 mches; then divide the product by 144."
gCallitrichidae, Cebidae, Cercopithecidae, and Papio. Baboons might requrre more
height than other monkeys.
hFor some species (e.g., Brachyteles, Hylobates, Symphalangus, Pongo, and Pan), cage
height should be such that an animal cam, when ffilly extended, swing from the cage
ceiling without having its feet touch the floor. Cage-ceiling design should enhance
brachiatrng movement.
Apes weighing over 50 kg are more effectively housed en permanent housing of masonry,
concrete, and wire-panel structure than m conventional caging.
Cage height should be sufficient for the animals to stand erect with therr feet on the
floor.
27
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TABLE 2.3 Reconunended Space for Cormnonly Used Fann Animals
Floor Area Aniinal, ft 2 b
Anirnals Enclosure Weight, kg a
Sheep and Goats
I <25 10.0
Up to 50 15.0
2-5 > 50C 20.0
< 25 8.5
Up to 50 12.5
>50c 17.0
>5 < 25 7.5
Up to 50 11.3
>50c 15.0
Swine
I <15 8.0
Up to 25 12.0
Up to 50 15.0
Up to 100 24.0
Up to 200 48.0
2-5 >200C 2 60.0
<25 6.0
Upto50 100
Up to 100 20.0
Up to 200 40 0
>5 >200C 2 52.0
<25 6.0
Up to 50 9.0
Up to 100 18.0
Up to 200 36.0
>200C 2 48.0
28
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TABLE 2.3 Continued
Ann als Enclosure Weight, kg a
Cattle
1
Floor Area Anrmal, fit 2 b
<75
2-5
>5
Horses
Ponies
1 -4
>4/Pen
Up to 200
Upto350
Up to 500
Upto650
>650C
<75
Up to 200
Up ~o 350
Up to 500
Up to 650
>65o
'75
Up to 200
Up to 350
Up to 500
Up to 650
>65oc
'200
>200C
24.0
48.0
72.0
96.0
124.0
2144.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
105.0
2120.0
18.0
36.0
54.0
72.0
93.0
2 108.0
144.0
72.0
60.0
2 72.0
a To convert kilograms to pounds, multiply by 2.2.
b To convert square feet to square meters, multiply by 0.09.
c Larger animals might requn e more space to meet performance standards (see
text).
TABLE 2.4 Recommended Dry-Bulb Temperatures for Common Laboratory
Ann als
Dry-Bulb Temperature
Ann al C OF
Mouse, rat, hamster, gerbil, gun ea pig 18-26 64-79
Rabbit 16-22 61 -72
Cat, dog, nonhuman primate 18-29 64-84
Farm amrmals and poultry 16-27 61 -81
29
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Representative terms from entire chapter:
laboratory animal
An; 2,3 l~1~,~ ~ =.'e~
bitt ~ ~~ ~ ~ p1
f~i~l~(Larson and Hegg 1776; Midwest plan service 1987) o
Temperature and Humidity
~f§~,~7~i~f~ik.i~ ~ ~'~7~
IBM—~fii~ ~1~$~1~j (>29.4~C ~ 85°F)~(~)(<4.4°C~40
F)~ ~ ~~.~ i~(Gordon
990)~[~;? 1~ ~!~;~1;~ ~ L1~Ef
I ~ ~~3!~!~i~'lt~ft ~ ~~:~t~~e~
~i~il~H~(Garrard and others 1974; Gordon 1993:
Pennycuik 1967)
I} ft~=-~fl(~34!~;14
|~;1~.~.3~ ~
1~l~l>~1~i~r;~l~ ~ ~1~!8
~'~ o ~~.~ ~ =d
$21~i;j-,,~ ,~ b~;~;~33
If;- ~~ ~,~ ~11 ~~.~ ~
;~1E~i~:~'~lZ:~ ° ~~'IX~;?
m~)~$~11~(consolidated)~11~;~(blended) D
=~1]
Pest Control
HE—~~ ~~ —~1~ I
Of Atom ~,~o~,~_~,
3==t~.~ tt,~:;Etd~ ° ~~ I'd
.~,~.~t~9~f~f~ ~1~] 1~'1~s~14 ~ ih5~
t1~3~(Ohio Cooperative Extension Service 1987 a,b) ~ WE'
Ib~i~q~ ~ Al]~:l~BJlig)L~: ~ ~ I
fit ~]~tl]~0—-apt i=~i56~
i~ fief' )'1'117~F1~1~1~3~ ° ~1=~ ~ 1g~/~1Sf~ 5~+
$14~i~ ~ pU~i~q(Donahue and others 1989; Garg and Donahue 1989;
Kingand Bennett 1989) ~ ~~m'~$~(:~q: Am) a ~~ Field ~ ~14
~A~ii, ° ~~ ~ ~~'U~5~ ' ~~1A~ °
~~!;3Fi$ ~ ~!~1713;M@El~
Emergency, Weekend, and Holiday Care
ih$~J~F3~ 3~AF~hULl~l ~ m~m~ig~!~04115t~ ~ LO
f~i~h$~1~1~ tfcii~i~TifT~ ~ I Elf I
ME ~ kl~i5E °
+~4dti56~ ~~A~ ifs
her BASIL ~ ~~sg~l5gfil;~]Jfi ~f~>q~~lt~
Ii Abbe ~~.=~!j;E~ o ~~pPU~,~,
=~rp~g,` 0 ~~=~3~',~J~i;E~ 0
steam ~$~!J;:~==ts~el!~h1dJ~l~s~Q ~ tf=;JltiJ~lT~;~J
~==ts4dr4 0 ~ i~$7J~;~A~tR~thl~fd~
44
JO ~~i~l~It#(Casper 1991) ~
POPULATION MANAGEMENT
~$~;~-~
Identificahon and Records
~2~1~—~i~314 ~ pO
;$q~—d~ F~—3~1q~ he, 9~, In,
~: ~~: U~ ~ art: In: ~~:
° ~~!Ei;~.~14~ .
I'm, d~b9~ ~ f3~G~.~(r altricial i b
$b$~8~ ~ ~1~i~
t1~ ~~.~ ~ ~~
It, ~~ ~4 to
—
(for example; Lacy 1989; Poiley 1960; Williau~s-Blangero 1991) ~ ~/~
T(;qUtl~ ~ 9[3~ ~ ~ :~
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