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FORCEnet Implementation Strategy (2005)

Chapter: Front Matter

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. FORCEnet Implementation Strategy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11456.
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FORCEnet

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY

Committee on the FORCEnet Implementation Strategy

Naval Studies Board

Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. FORCEnet Implementation Strategy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11456.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This study was supported by Contract No. N00014-00-G-0230, DO #17, between the National Academy of Sciences and the Department of the Navy. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.

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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. FORCEnet Implementation Strategy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11456.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.

www.national-academies.org

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. FORCEnet Implementation Strategy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11456.
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COMMITTEE ON THE FORCENET IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY

RICHARD J. IVANETICH,

Institute for Defense Analyses,

Co-Chair

BRUCE WALD,

Arlington, Virginia,

Co-Chair

ROBERT F. BRAMMER,

Northrop Grumman Information Technology

JOESPH R. CIPRIANO,

Lockheed Martin Information Technology

ARCHIE R. CLEMINS,

Caribou Technologies, Inc.

BRIG “CHIP” ELLIOTT,

BBN Technologies

JOEL S. ENGEL,

Armonk, New York

JUDE E. FRANKLIN,

Raytheon Network-Centric Systems

JOHN T. HANLEY, JR.,

Institute for Defense Analyses

KERRIE L. HOLLEY,

IBM Global Services

KENNETH L. JORDAN, JR.,

Cabin John, Maryland

OTTO KESSLER,

The MITRE Corporation

JERRY A. KRILL,

Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University

ANN K. MILLER,

University of Missouri-Rolla

WILLIAM R. MORRIS,

Alexandria, Virginia

RICHARD J. NIBE,

Amelia Island, Florida

JOHN E. RHODES,

Balboa, California

DANIEL P. SIEWIOREK,

Carnegie Mellon University

EDWARD A. SMITH, JR.,

The Boeing Company

MICHAEL J. ZYDA,

University of Southern California

Staff

CHARLES F. DRAPER, Director,

Naval Studies Board

MICHAEL L. WILSON, Study Director (through August 27, 2004)

SUSAN G. CAMPBELL, Administrative Coordinator

MARY G. GORDON, Information Officer

IAN M. CAMERON, Research Associate

AYANNA N. VEST, Senior Program Assistant

SIDNEY G. REED, JR., Consultant

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. FORCEnet Implementation Strategy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11456.
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NAVAL STUDIES BOARD

JOHN F. EGAN,

Nashua, New Hampshire,

Chair

MIRIAM E. JOHN,

Sandia National Laboratories,

Vice Chair

ARTHUR B. BAGGEROER,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

JOHN D. CHRISTIE,

LMI

ANTONIO L. ELIAS,

Orbital Sciences Corporation

BRIG “CHIP” ELLIOTT,

BBN Technologies

KERRIE L. HOLLEY,

IBM Global Services

JOHN W. HUTCHINSON,

Harvard University

HARRY W. JENKINS, JR.,

ITT Industries

DAVID V. KALBAUGH,

Centreville, Maryland

ANNETTE J. KRYGIEL,

Great Falls, Virginia

THOMAS V. McNAMARA,

Charles Stark Draper Laboratory

L. DAVID MONTAGUE,

Menlo Park, California

WILLIAM B. MORGAN,

Rockville, Maryland

JOHN H. MOXLEY III,

Korn/Ferry International

JOHN S. QUILTY,

Oakton, Virginia

NILS R. SANDELL, JR.,

BAE Systems

WILLIAM D. SMITH,

Fayetteville, Pennsylvania

JOHN P. STENBIT,

Oakton, Virginia

RICHARD L. WADE,

Exponent

DAVID A. WHELAN,

The Boeing Company

CINDY WILLIAMS,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

ELIHU ZIMET,

National Defense University

Navy Liaison Representatives

RADM JOSEPH A. SESTAK, JR., USN, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, N81 (through October 1, 2004)

GREG MELCHER, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Acting N81 (from October 2, 2004, through November 8, 2004)

RADM SAMUEL J. LOCKLEAR III, USN, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, N81 (as of November 8, 2004)

RADM JAY M. COHEN, USN, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, N091

Marine Corps Liaison Representative

LTGEN EDWARD HANLON, JR., USMC, Commanding General, Marine Corps Combat Development Command (through September 30, 2004)

LTGEN JAMES N. MATTIS, USMC, Commanding General, Marine Corps Combat Development Command (as of October 1, 2004)

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. FORCEnet Implementation Strategy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11456.
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Staff

CHARLES F. DRAPER, Director

ARUL MOZHI, Senior Program Officer

SUSAN G. CAMPBELL, Administrative Coordinator

MARY G. GORDON, Information Officer

IAN M. CAMERON, Research Associate

AYANNA N. VEST, Senior Program Assistant

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Preface

Visionary Navy leaders enunciated the tenets of network-centric operations beginning in the early 1990s, and in 1998 requested the advice of the Naval Studies Board of the National Research Council (NRC) about how to achieve such capabilities. The resulting report was entitled Network-Centric Naval Forces: A Transition Strategy for Enhancing Operational Capabilities.1 Although the Navy adopted some of the recommendations from that report—notably the establishment of what became the Naval Network Warfare Command—progress was limited on many fronts until the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) Strategic Studies Group described a networked, distributed, combat force as a “FORCEnet.”2 The CNO incorporated the FORCEnet concept into Sea Power 213—the overall vision for transforming the Navy—and adopted the following definition of FORCEnet:

[FORCEnet is] the operational construct and architectural framework for naval warfare in the information age that integrates warriors, sensors, networks, com-

1  

The report defined network-centric operations as “military operations that exploit state-of-the-art information and networking technology to integrate widely dispersed human decision makers, situational and targeting sensors, and forces and weapons into a highly adaptive, comprehensive system to achieve unprecedented mission effectiveness.” Naval Studies Board, National Research Council. 2000. Network-Centric Naval Forces: A Transition Strategy for Enhancing Operational Capabilities, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., p. 1.

2  

ADM James R. Hogg, USN (Ret.), Director, CNO Strategic Studies Group, personal communication, November 9, 2005.

3  

ADM Vern Clark, USN. 2002. “Sea Power 21 Series, Part I: Projecting Decisive Joint Capabilities,” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, October.

 

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. FORCEnet Implementation Strategy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11456.
×

mand and control, platforms, and weapons into a networked, distributed, combat force that is scalable across all levels of conflict from seabed to space and sea to land.4

Although this definition views FORCEnet as the operational construct and the architectural framework for the entire transformed Navy, some have viewed FORCEnet merely as an information network and the associated FORCEnet architecture merely as an information systems architecture. In the first view, the FORCEnet architecture would affect the functional allocation across all naval systems; in the latter view it would only impose a standard data interface on these systems. Furthermore, although FORCEnet is not a system, the Navy’s requirements-formulation and materiel-acquisition organizations have tended to view FORCEnet as a set of individual information systems that can be developed and acquired by traditional methods.

To assist the Navy in better defining its approach to FORCEnet, the Department of the Navy asked the NRC’s Naval Studies Board to conduct a study that would provide a recommended FORCEnet implementation strategy. The specific terms of reference for this study are presented in Chapter 8 along with cross-references to the committee’s recommendations.

THE COMMITTEE’S APPROACH

The approach of the Committee on the FORCEnet Implementation Strategy5 was to organize itself around the specific operational, policy, and technical areas necessary to fulfill the tasks laid out in the terms of reference. The committee first convened in September 2003, holding additional meetings over a period of 7 months, both to gather input from the relevant communities and to discuss the committee’s findings.6 The agendas for the meetings from September 2003 through March 2004 are provided in Appendix B. The months between the last meeting and publication of the report were spent preparing the draft manuscript, gathering additional information, reviewing and responding to the external review comments, editing the report, and conducting the required security review necessary to produce an unclassified report.

4  

VADM Richard W. Mayo, USN; and VADM John Nathman, USN. 2003. “Sea Power 21 Series, Part V: FORCEnet: Turning Information into Power,” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, February, p. 42.

5  

Brief biographies of all committee members are presented in Appendix A.

6  

During the course of its study, the committee held meetings at which it received (and discussed) classified materials. Accordingly, the content of the present report is limited because of restrictions that apply to the use of classified information.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. FORCEnet Implementation Strategy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11456.
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STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF THIS REPORT

Chapter 1 of this report presents a scenario to illustrate a FORCEnet vision of fully networked operations, outlines the characteristics required for achieving this vision, discusses the status of network-centric capabilities, and warns of formidable challenges. The next five chapters address these challenges. Chapter 2 deals with the need for common understanding of the meaning of FORCEnet across the naval enterprise and urges acceptance of the CNO’s definition. Chapter 3 describes the context of joint and Department of Defense plans and initiatives within which FORCEnet must be implemented, and recommends strong coupling of the concept to the combatant commanders. Chapter 4, in which it is accepted that FORCEnet has no fixed end state, deals with the challenges of implementing a complex system through the discussed coevolution of operational concepts and materiel. Chapter 5 deals with the challenge of engineering a complex system; notes the importance of controlling interfaces as capabilities evolve; embraces the network-centric checklist of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Networks and Information Integration and the open architecture developed by the Naval Sea Systems Command and adopted by the Program Executive Officer for Integrated Warfare Systems; and urges the implementation of a distributed engineering plant for FORCEnet. Chapter 6 discusses potential capability shortfalls in the FORCEnet information infrastructure and recommends science and technology investments to overcome them. Chapter 7 collects the principal recommendations of the report, presenting them together with a concise version of the discussion and the findings that led to them. This chapter builds on the idea of an implementation strategy by incorporating the recommendations within a set of objectives required for such a strategy. Chapter 8 cross-references the committee’s recommendations to the study terms of reference.

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Acknowledgment of Reviewers

This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s (NRC’s) Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report:

Charles F. Bolden, Jr., MajGen, USMC (Ret.), Houston, Texas

Herbert A. Browne, VADM, USN (Ret.), Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association,

Millard S. Firebaugh, RADM, USN (Ret.), General Dynamics, Electric Boat Corporation,

Charles M. Herzfeld, Silver Spring, Maryland,

Bill B. May, Los Altos Hills, California,

Cynthia R. Samuelson, LMI,

Fred B. Schneider, Cornell University, and

Michael G. Sovereign, Monterey, California.

Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. FORCEnet Implementation Strategy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11456.
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this report was overseen by Robert A. Frosch, Harvard University, and Robert J. Hermann, Global Technology Partners, LLC. Appointed by the NRC, they were responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. FORCEnet Implementation Strategy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11456.
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3.6  Global Information Grid,

 

66

   

3.7  Coalition Operations,

 

71

   

3.8  Challenges in Bridging Network-Centric Concepts and Joint Capabilities,

 

72

   

3.9  Findings and Recommendations,

 

73

4

 

COEVOLUTION OF FORCEnet OPERATIONAL CONCEPTS AND MATERIEL

 

79

   

4.1  Introduction,

 

79

   

4.2  Coevolution of Operating Concepts and Technology into Warfighting Capabilities,

 

81

   

4.3  Concept Development,

 

83

   

4.4  The Role of Sea Trial,

 

97

   

4.5  Turning Requirements into Programs,

 

102

   

4.6  Program Acquisition,

 

104

   

4.7  Enabling Timely and Effective Coevolution,

 

105

   

4.8  Governance,

 

107

   

4.9 Findings and Recommendations,

 

110

5

 

FORCEnet ARCHITECTURE AND SYSTEM DESIGN

 

115

   

5.1  What It Takes to Achieve the FORCEnet Promise,

 

115

   

5.2  Architecture Definition and Process,

 

119

   

5.3  Status of Efforts to Realize the FORCEnet Architecture,

 

121

   

5.4  System Engineering Considerations,

 

129

   

5.5  Management of Operations,

 

131

   

5.6  Facilities,

 

134

   

5.7  Vulnerabilities and Solutions,

 

135

   

5.8  Findings and Recommendations,

 

138

6

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TO SUPPORT THE FORCEnet INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE

 

142

   

6.1  Overview and Background,

 

142

   

6.2  Enabling Technologies and Functional Capabilities,

 

144

   

6.3  Enabling Technologies Resulting from the Global Information Grid,

 

170

   

6.4  Science and Technology Program of the Office of Naval Research,

 

174

   

6.5  Summary Technology Findings and Recommendations for the FORCEnet Information Infrastructure,

 

179

7

 

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY

 

186

   

7.1  Implementation Strategy Objectives,

 

186

   

7.2  Clarity of Purpose,

 

187

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FORCEnet is currently defined as the operational construct and architectural framework for naval warfare in the information age that integrates warriors, sensors, networks, command and control, platforms, and weapons into a networked, distributed, combat force that is scalable across all levels of conflict from seabed to space and sea to land. Although this definition views FORCEnet as the operational construct and the architectural framework for the entire transformed Navy, some have viewed FORCEnet merely as an information network and the associated FORCEnet architecture merely as an information systems architecture. FORCEnet Implementation Strategy provides advice regarding both the adequacy of this definition and the actions required to implement FORCEnet.

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