Germany instituted a new immigration law on July 9, 2004. Among its provisions, in the realm of migration for employment, it encourages settlement by high-skilled workers, who are eligible immediately for permanent residence permits. Family members who accompany them or subsequently join them have access to the labor market. Like Canada, Germany encourages the immigration of self-employed persons, who are granted temporary residence permits if they invest a minimum of 1 million euros and create at least 10 jobs. Issuance of work permits and residence permits has been consolidated. The Office for Foreigners will issue both permits concurrently, and the Labor Administration subsequently approves the work permit.

UK¹⁸ The UK Highly Skilled Migrant Programme (HSMP) is an immigration category for entry to the UK for successful people with sought-after skills. It is in some ways similar to the skilled migration programs for entry to Australia and Canada. The UK has added an MBA provision to the HSMP. Eligibility for HSMP visas is assessed on a points system with more points awarded in the following situations:

• Preference for applicants under 28 years old.

• Skilled migrants with tertiary qualifications.

• High-level work experience.

• Past earnings.

• In a few rare cases, HSMP points are also awarded if one has an achievement in one’s chosen field.

• One may also score bonus points if one is a skilled migrant seeking to bring a spouse or partner who also has high-level skills and work experience.

Australia encourages immigration of skilled migrants, who are as sessed on a points system with points awarded for work experience, qualifications, and language proficiency.¹⁹ Applicants must demonstrate skills in specific job categories.