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Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future (2007)
Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (COSEPUP)

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. "Undergraduate, Graduate, and Postgraduate Education in Science, Engineering, and Mathematics." Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2007.

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Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future

TABLE HE-1 Ratio of Bachelor’s Degree to the 24-Year-Old Population, by Selected Fields, Sex, and Race/Ethnicity: 1990 and 2000

Sex and race/ethnicity

Degree

Degree

All bachelor’s degrees

All S&E

NS&E

Social/behavioral sciences

24-year-old population

Bachelor’s

NS&Ea

Social/behavioral science

Number

Ratio to 24-year-old populatiob

1990 total

1,062,160

345,794

169,938

175,856

3,722,737

28.5

4.6

4.7

Male

495,876

199,917

117,249

82,668

1,855,513

26.7

6.3

4.5

Female

566,284

145,877

52,689

93,188

1,867,224

30.3

2.8

5.0

White

856,686

270,225

127,704

142,521

2,628,439

32.6

4.9

5.4

Asian/Pacific Islander

38,027

19,437

13,338

6,099

120,797

31.5

11.0

5.0

Underrepresented minority

107,377

33,419

15,259

18,160

973,500

11.0

1.6

1.9

Black

59,301

18,230

7,854

10,376

484,754

12.2

1.6

2.1

Hispanic

43,864

13,918

6,868

7,050

459,073

9.6

1.5

1.5

American Indian/Alaskan Native

4,212

1,271

537

734

29,674

14.2

1.8

2.5

2000 total

1,253,121

398,622

210,434

188,188

3,703,200

33.8

5.7

5.1

Male

536,158

197,669

128,111

69,558

1,886,400

28.4

6.8

3.7

Female

716,963

200,953

82,323

118,630

1,816,800

39.5

4.5

6.5

White

895,129

270,416

142,400

128,016

2,433,400

36.8

5.9

5.3

Asian/Pacific Islander

75,265

12,368

23,185

12,368

148,800

50.6

15.6

8.3

Underrepresented minority

200,967

63,519

27,939

35,559

1,121,000

17.9

2.5

3.2

Black

104,212

32,924

13,795

19,129

527,600

19.8

2.6

3.6

Hispanic

88,324

27,984

12,919

15,065

560,200

15.8

2.3

2.7

American Indian/Alaskan Native

8,431

2,611

1,246

1,365

33,200

25.4

3.8

4.1

aNS&E degrees include natural (physical, biological, earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences), agricultural, and computer sciences; mathematics, and engineering.

bNumber of degrees per 100 24-year-olds.

NOTE: NS&E = natural sciences and engineering.

SOURCE: National Science Board. Science and Engineering Indicators 2004. NSB 04-01. Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation, 2004. Table 2-8. This table was based on US Department of Education, Completions Survey; National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics, WebCASPAR database system, available at: http://caspar.nsf.gov/; and US Bureau of the Census, Population Division.

Page
344
Front Matter (R1-R26)
Executive Summary (1-22)
1 A Disturbing Mosaic (23-40)
2 Why Are Science and Technology Critical to America's Prosperity in the 21st Century? (41-67)
3 How Is America Doing Now in Science and Technology? (68-106)
4 Method (107-111)
5 What Actions Should America Take in K–12 Science and Mathematics Education to Remain Prosperous in the 21st Century? (112-135)
6 What Actions Should America Take in Science and Engineering Research to Remain Prosperous in the 21st Century? (136-161)
7 What Actions Should America Take in Science and Engineering Higher Education to Remain Prosperous in the 21st Century? (162-181)
8 What Actions Should America Take in Economic and Technology Policy to Remain Prosperous in the 21st Century? (182-203)
9 What Might Life in the United States Be Like if It Is Not Competitive in Science and Technology? (204-224)
Appendix A Committee and Professional Staff Biographic Information (225-240)
Appendix B Statement of Task and Congressional Correspondence (241-248)
Appendix C Focus-Group Sessions (249-300)
Appendix D Issue Briefs (301-302)
K–12 Science, Mathematics, and Technology Education (303-324)
Attracting the Most Able US Students to Science and Engineering (325-341)
Undergraduate, Graduate, and Postgraduate Education in Science, Engineering, and Mathematics (342-356)
Implications of Changes in the Financing of Public Higher Education (357-376)
International Students and Researchers in the United States (377-396)
Achieving Balance and Adequacy in Federal Science and Technology Funding (397-414)
The Productivity of Scientific and Technological Research (415-422)
Investing in High-Risk and Breakthrough Research (423-431)
Ensuring That the United States Is at the Forefront in Critical Fields of Science and Technology (432-443)
Understanding Trends in Science and Technology Critical to US Prosperity (444-454)
Ensuring That the United States Has the Best Environment for Innovation (455-472)
Scientific Communication and Security (473-482)
Science and Technology Issues in National and Homeland Security (483-500)
Appendix E Estimated Recommendation Cost Tables (501-512)
Appendix F K–12 Education Recommendations Supplementary Information (513-516)
Appendix G Bibliography (517-536)
Index (537-564)