National Academies Press: OpenBook
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World: Report of Two Workshops on Novel Antimicrobial Therapeutics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11471.
×

TREATING INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN A MICROBIAL WORLD

Report of Two Workshops on Novel Antimicrobial Therapeutics

Committee on New Directions in the Study of Antimicrobial Therapeutics: New Classes of Antimicrobials

Committee on New Directions in the Study of Antimicrobial Therapeutics: Immunomodulation

Board on Life Sciences

Division on Earth and Life Studies

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World: Report of Two Workshops on Novel Antimicrobial Therapeutics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11471.
×

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This study was supported by Contract No. N01-OD-4-2139 (Task Order #153) between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Institutes of Health. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

International Standard Book Number 0-309-10056-9

Additional copies of this report are available from the
National Academies Press,
500 Fifth Street, NW, Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.edu.

Cover image: Confocal micrograph depicting a common behavior of bacteria (green) gathering in mucus shed by host epithelial cells (red). Such behavior has been noted in both beneficial and pathogenic associations with microbial partners. This image shows the gathering of the microbial symbiont Vibrio fischeri during its colonization of tissues of the host squid Euprymna scolopes. As described in the report, models such as the squid-vibrio system promise to provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the reciprocal dialogue between the hosts and their microbial partners, whether the relationship results in health or disease. Image courtesy of Laura Sycuro and Margaret McFall-Ngai.

Copyright 2006 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World: Report of Two Workshops on Novel Antimicrobial Therapeutics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11471.
×

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.

www.national-academies.org

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World: Report of Two Workshops on Novel Antimicrobial Therapeutics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11471.
×

COMMITTEE ON NEW DIRECTIONS IN THE STUDY OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPEUTICS: NEW CLASSES OF ANTIMICROBIALS

CHRISTOPHER T. WALSH (Chair),

Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

BONNIE L. BASSLER,

Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey

CARL F. NATHAN,

Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York

THOMAS F. O’BRIEN,

Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

MARGARET RILEY,

University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts

RICHARD J. WHITE,

Vicuron Pharmaceuticals, Fremont, California

GERARD D. WRIGHT,

McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Staff

ADAM P. FAGEN, Study Director

ANN H. REID, Program Officer

ROBERT T. YUAN, Senior Program Officer

JOSEPH C. LARSEN, Postdoctoral Research Associate

MATTHEW D. McDONOUGH, Program Assistant (through August 2005)

ANNE F. JURKOWSKI, Program Assistant (since September 2005)

NORMAN GROSSBLATT, Senior Editor

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World: Report of Two Workshops on Novel Antimicrobial Therapeutics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11471.
×

COMMITTEE ON NEW DIRECTIONS IN THE STUDY OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPEUTICS: IMMUNOMODULATION

ARTURO CASADEVALL (Chair),

Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York

RITA R. COLWELL,

University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and Canon U.S. Life Sciences, Arlington, Virginia

R.E.W. (BOB) HANCOCK,

University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

MARGARET JEAN McFALL-NGAI,

University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin

CARL F. NATHAN,

Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York

LIISE-ANNE PIROFSKI,

Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York

ARTHUR TZIANABOS,

Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

DENNIS M. ZALLER,

Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey

Staff

ANN H. REID, Study Director

ADAM P. FAGEN, Program Officer

ROBERT T. YUAN, Senior Program Officer

JOSEPH C. LARSEN, Postdoctoral Research Associate

MATTHEW D. McDONOUGH, Program Assistant (through August 2005)

ANNE F. JURKOWSKI, Program Assistant (since September 2005)

NORMAN GROSSBLATT, Senior Editor

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World: Report of Two Workshops on Novel Antimicrobial Therapeutics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11471.
×

BOARD ON LIFE SCIENCES

COREY S. GOODMAN (Chair),

Renovis, Inc., South San Francisco, California

ANN M. ARVIN,

Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California

JEFFREY L. BENNETZEN,

University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia

RUTH BERKELMAN,

Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia

DEBORAH BLUM,

University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin

R. ALTA CHARO,

University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin

DENNIS CHOI,

Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania

JEFFREY L. DANGL,

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina

PAUL R. EHRLICH,

Stanford University, Stanford, California

JAMES M. GENTILE,

Research Corporation, Tucson, Arizona

JO HANDELSMAN,

University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin

ED HARLOW,

Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

DAVID HILLIS,

University of Texas, Austin, Texas

KENNETH H. KELLER,

University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota

RANDALL MURCH,

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Alexandria, Virginia

GREGORY A. PETSKO,

Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts

STUART L. PIMM,

Duke University, Durham, North Carolina

JAMES TIEDJE,

Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan

KEITH YAMAMOTO,

University of California, San Francisco, California

Staff

FRANCES E. SHARPLES, Director

KERRY A. BRENNER, Senior Program Officer

MARILEE K. SHELTON-DAVENPORT, Senior Program Officer

ROBERT T. YUAN, Senior Program Officer

ADAM P. FAGEN, Program Officer

ANN H. REID, Program Officer

EVONNE P. Y. TANG, Program Officer

DENISE GROSSHANS, Financial Associate

ANNE F. JURKOWSKI, Program Assistant

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World: Report of Two Workshops on Novel Antimicrobial Therapeutics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11471.
×

Acknowledgments

Each report benefited from the contribution of the speakers and participants in the respective workshops. The agenda, speakers, and participant list for each workshop are provided as an appendix to each report.

The immunomodulation committee would also like to acknowledge David Schneider, Stanford University, for preparing the figure highlighting the complexity of the immune system, and Fiona Roche, Simon Fraser University, for preparing the Cytoscape figure of the TLR4 pathway.

These reports have been reviewed in draft form by persons chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making the published reports as sound as possible and to ensure that the reports meet institutional standards of objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of these reports:

Christine A. Biron, Brown University

Richard A. Flavell, Yale University

Emil C. Gotschlich, The Rockefeller University

Lora Hooper, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World: Report of Two Workshops on Novel Antimicrobial Therapeutics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11471.
×

Harry F. Noller, University of California, Santa Cruz

John H. Rex, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals

Jerome S. Schultz, University of California, Riverside

Peter M. Small, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

Elaine Tuomanen, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital

H. Boyd Woodruff, Soil Microbiology Associates

Although the reviewers listed above have provided constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations, nor did they see the final drafts of the reports before their release. The review of these reports was overseen by Elaine L. Larson, Columbia University, and Leslie Z. Benet, University of California, San Francisco. Appointed by the National Research Council, they were responsible for making certain that an independent examination of these reports was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of these reports rests entirely with the authoring committees and the institution.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World: Report of Two Workshops on Novel Antimicrobial Therapeutics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11471.
×
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World: Report of Two Workshops on Novel Antimicrobial Therapeutics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11471.
×
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World: Report of Two Workshops on Novel Antimicrobial Therapeutics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11471.
×
Page R1
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World: Report of Two Workshops on Novel Antimicrobial Therapeutics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11471.
×
Page R2
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World: Report of Two Workshops on Novel Antimicrobial Therapeutics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11471.
×
Page R3
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World: Report of Two Workshops on Novel Antimicrobial Therapeutics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11471.
×
Page R4
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World: Report of Two Workshops on Novel Antimicrobial Therapeutics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11471.
×
Page R5
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World: Report of Two Workshops on Novel Antimicrobial Therapeutics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11471.
×
Page R6
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World: Report of Two Workshops on Novel Antimicrobial Therapeutics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11471.
×
Page R7
Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World: Report of Two Workshops on Novel Antimicrobial Therapeutics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11471.
×
Page R8
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World: Report of Two Workshops on Novel Antimicrobial Therapeutics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11471.
×
Page R9
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World: Report of Two Workshops on Novel Antimicrobial Therapeutics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11471.
×
Page R10
Next: Summary »
Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World: Report of Two Workshops on Novel Antimicrobial Therapeutics Get This Book
×
Buy Paperback | $39.00 Buy Ebook | $31.99
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

Humans coexist with millions of harmless microorganisms, but emerging diseases, resistance to antibiotics, and the threat of bioterrorism are forcing scientists to look for new ways to confront the microbes that do pose a danger. This report identifies innovative approaches to the development of antimicrobial drugs and vaccines based on a greater understanding of how the human immune system interacts with both good and bad microbes. The report concludes that the development of a single superdrug to fight all infectious agents is unrealistic.

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  9. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!