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Guidelines for the Humane Transportation of Research Animals
Index
A
AAALAC. See Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International
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Index
A
AAALAC. See Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International
AATA. See Animal Transportation Association
Academic researchers.
See also Responsible individuals
utilizing nonhuman primates, 82
Acclimation. See Thermal environment in the transportation of research animals
Adipsia, 54
Agencies
checking with beforehand, 11
that fund research, 84
Agents, that require registration of a facility with CDC, 67
Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement), 28
(Agro)bioterrorism agents, 65
Air Cargo Tariff book, 23
Airlines, 4
commercial, 3
Allometric scaling, and implications for the transportation of research animals, 38–39
Ambient temperature, ranges for safe transportation of common adult research animals, 48
American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), 63
Anesthesia, 61
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), 14, 22
Animal rights activists, pressure from, 82
Animal Transportation Association (AATA), Manual for the Transportation of Live Animals, 33
Animal welfare, 4–5
investigators of, 4–5
Animal Welfare Act (AWA), 12–14
dogs and cats, 97–104
guinea pigs and hamsters, rabbits, and other animals, 110–115
nonhuman primates, 104–110
regulations pertaining to transportation, 50, 54, 87, 97–115
Animal Welfare Regulations, 88
Animals
companion, 70, 78
cross-tying, 60
gnotobiotic, 76
immunocompromised, 76
lactating, 46
large, 38–39, 58
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late-pregnancy, 37, 46
live, CDC rules on the importation of, 18–20
natural enemies, 79
preconditioning, 59
segregation of, 71, 78–79
small, 38–39, 42, 56
Animals/animal products
with radioactive/poisonous material, federal statutes/programs relevant to the transportation of in the United States, 12–13
with zoonotic/infectious diseases, federal statutes/programs relevant to the transportation of in the United States, 12–13
Anorexia, 54
APHIS. See Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Aquatic Animal Health Code, 28
Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International (AAALAC), 9
Asymptomatic disease, 65, 69
Autoclaving, 77
avoiding, 76
Avian influenza A (H5N1), 19, 28–29
Avian species, 84
AVMA. See American Veterinary Medical Association
AWA. See Animal Welfare Act
B
B virus, 70
Bacteria
requiring facility registration with CDC, 67
and the susceptible species of research animals, 74–75
zoonotic diseases transmissible from research animals to humans, 69
Barrier containment, 71, 76–77
Bats, live, 20
Behavioral and physiological signs of thermal status, 52
Behavioral monitoring of thermal environment, 51
Biocontainment, 88
Biomedical research
federal funding for, 7, 20
use of nonhuman primates in, 24
Biomedical research enterprise, 1
Biosafety in Microbial and Biomedical Laboratories Manual (BMBL), 66, 71
Biosecurity, 65–79
protecting public health and agricultural resources, 66–71
protecting the biological integrity of research animals and colonies, 71–79
Bioterrorism agents, 65
Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act, 66
Bird flu, 19
BMBL. See Biosafety in Microbial and Biomedical Laboratories Manual
Breeders, commercial, 7–8
C
California Department of Health Services, 22
Candidate set for the facility-location problem, 121
Care in transit
for dogs and cats, 103–104
for guinea pigs and hamsters, rabbits, and other animals, 115
for nonhuman primates, 109
Carriers, third-party, 9
Cats. See Dogs and cats
CDC. See Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Center for Veterinary Medicine, 22
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 7, 18–20, 66, 71, 85n, 86
agents and toxins that require registration of a facility with, 67
Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, 8–9, 12–13, 19
Etiologic Agent Import Permit Program, 12–13, 20
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) regulations and guidelines for the transportation of research animals, 18–20
importation and transportation of etiological agents, 20
importation of live animals, 18–20
Certifications, 101, 107
CFR. See Code of Federal Regulations
Checklist, of research animal regulations and guidelines, 31–32
Chicago, IL, 9
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Chico, CA, 123–126
CITES. See Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
Cleaning holding areas, 102, 108
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 66
Colony security, 76
Commercial airlines, 3
Commercial breeders, 7–8
Committee on Guidelines for the Humane Transportation of Laboratory Animals, 6, 51, 87
Companion animals, 70, 78
Compatibility
for dogs and cats, 100–101
for guinea pigs and hamsters, rabbits, and other animals, 112
for nonhuman primates, 106
Computation of distances, between utilization points and supply locations, 119
Convention of the Council of Europe, 29
Convention on International Civil Aviation, 25
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), 12–13, 16, 23–25
listed species of nonhuman primates, 26
Resolution Conf., 25
Conveyor belts, 103
Cool-acclimation, 47
Cool conditions, 58
Core body temperature, 45
Corporate research institutions, 82
Council of Europe, 27
Council Directives, 29–30
Courier pick ups, 9
Cross contamination, 70, 78
Cross-infection, 79
Cross-tying, 60
D
Dangerous goods, defining, 27
Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGRs), IATA rules on, 27–28, 68
Data preparation, 118–119
computation of distances between utilization points and supply locations, 119
data sources, 118–119
geocoding procedure, 119
Data sources, 118–119
Dehydration, 58
Delays, 61
Delivery to carriers and handlers
for dogs and cats, 102
for guinea pigs and hamsters, rabbits, and other animals, 113–114
for nonhuman primates, 107
Designated ports for importation or exportation of wildlife or derivatives, 16
DGMQ. See Division on Global Migration and Quarantine
DGRs. See Dangerous Goods Regulations
Disease, asymptomatic, 65, 69
Disinfection, 71, 77–78
chemical, 71
Division of Global Migration and Quarantine (DGMQ), 8–9, 9, 12–13, 19
Documentation. See also Certifications
for dogs and cats, 101–102
for guinea pigs and hamsters, rabbits, and other animals, 113
inconsistencies in, 88
for nonhuman primates, 107
of training of animal care personnel, 66
Dogs and cats (9 CFR 3.13-3.19), 87–88, 97–104
care in transit, 103–104
compatibility, 100–101
delivery to carriers and handlers, 102
documentation, 101–102
enclosure, 97–100
federal statutes/programs relevant to the transportation of in the United States, 12–13
food and water, 101
handling, 102–103
importing, 18
primary conveyance, 103
terminal facilities, 102
DOT. See US Department of Transportation
E
EAIPP. See Etiologic Agent Import Permit Program
Ebola virus, 70
EDIM. See Group A rotavirus
Emergency procedures
elements of a plan for, 68
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in the transportation of research animals, 61
Enclosures, 110–112
for dogs and cats, 97–100
for guinea pigs, 111
for guinea pigs and hamsters, rabbits, and other animals, 110–112
for hamsters, 111
for nonhuman primates, 104–106
Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973, 12–13, 15–17, 23
listed species of nonhuman primates, 17
Endangered/threatened wildlife, federal statutes/programs relevant to the transportation of in the United States, 13
Environmental conditions, 10
Environmental extremes, protecting against, 21
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 84
Environmentally controlled trucks, 8–9
EPA. See Environmental Protection Agency
ESA. See Endangered Species Act of 1973
Escapes, dealing with, 61, 82
Etiologic Agent Import Permit Program (EAIPP), 12–13, 20
Etiological agents, CDC rules on the importation and transportation of, 20
European Union (EU), Health and Consumer Protection Directorate General, 27, 29–30
Euthanasia, 61
Evaluation, 88
Exemptions, 22
Export brokers, 23
Extreme temperatures, exposure to, 61
F
Facility location problem
candidate set for, 121
models for, 120–122
for the NIH grants data set (rodents), 122
for the USDA cats data set, 124
for the USDA dogs data set, 125
Fasting, 58
FDA. See Food and Drug Administration
Federal Quarantine Regulations, regarding nonhuman primates, 19
Federal statutes/programs relevant to the transportation of vertebrate research animals and products in the United States, 12–13
Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 12–13, 21–22, 86
Center for Veterinary Medicine, 22
Food and water
for dogs and cats, 101
for guinea pigs and hamsters, rabbits, and other animals, 112–113
for nonhuman primates, 106
providing when indicated, 21
in the transportation of research animals, 54–58
Freedom of Information Act, 118n
Funding, for biomedical research, federal, 7
Fungi, requiring facility registration with CDC, 67
FWS. See US Fish and Wildlife Service
G
Gamma irradiation, 77
GD-VII. See Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus strain
Gel moisture sources, 57
Geocoding procedure, 119
Geographic information system (GIS), 119
Gnotobiotic animals, 71
Good practices in the transportation of research animals, 33–63
allometric scaling and implication for transportation practices, 38–39
emergency procedures, 61
food and water, 54–58
handling, 59–60
monitoring transportation, 60
personnel training, 10, 61–63
social interaction and group transportation, 59
space allocation, 52–54
stress during transportation, 34–38
thermal environment, 39–52
Good shippers, characteristics of, 9
Ground transportation, 3–4, 85
Group A rotavirus (EDIM), 72–73
Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Agricultural Research and Teaching, 33
Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 21
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Guidelines. See Regulations and guidelines for the transportation of research animals
Guinea pigs and hamsters, rabbits, and other animals (9 CFR 3.35-3.41, 9 CFR 3.60-3.65, 9 CFR 3.136-3.142), 87, 110–115
care in transit, 115
compatibility, 112
delivery to carriers and handlers, 113–114
documentation, 113
enclosure, 110–112
food and water, 112–113
handling, 114
primary conveyance, 115
terminal facilities, 114
H
Hamsters, 70, 111.
See also Guinea pigs and hamsters, rabbits, and other animals
Handler training. See Personnel training
Handling
dogs and cats, 102–103
guinea pigs and hamsters, rabbits, and other animals, 114
nonhuman primates, 108
preconditioning animals to, 59
in the transportation of research animals, 59–60
Hantaan (HANT) virus, 72–73
Hazardous Materials Information Center, 21
Hazardous Materials Regulation (HMR), 20–21, 25
Health Research Extension Act of 1985, 21
Helicobacter species, 71
High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, 86
HMR. See Hazardous Materials Regulation
Holding areas, cleaning and sanitizing, 102, 108
Homeotherms, 45–46, 51
graph representing relationship between metabolic rate and ambient temperature in, 42
Host species, 65
Hot conditions, 58.
See also Thermal environment in the transportation of research animals
Hot Springs, AR, 125–126
HPA. See Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis response
Husbandry, species-specific, 62
Hydration, 57
Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA) response, 37–38
I
IATA. See International Air Transport Association
ICAO. See International Civil Aviation Organization
ILAR. See Institute for Laboratory Animal Research
Immunocompromised animals, 76
Importation sites, major, 9, 83
Incompatibilities, among export and import requirements, 23
Inconsistencies, in documentation and reporting requirements, 87–88
Individuals at institutions, taking responsibility, 5, 88
Infectious agents and the susceptible species of research animals, 72–75, 88
bacteria, 74–75
parasites, 74–75
viruses, 72–73
Infectious pathogens, risk of introducing, 65
Infectious substances, 20
Infectious Substances Program, 12–13
Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR), 7
Institutions, individuals at taking responsibility, 5, 88
Insurance rates, 82
Interagency Primate Steering Committee, 84
Interagency working group, needed to coordinate all federal inspection and permitting of animals, 51, 86–88
International Air Transport Association (IATA), 14
International Air Transport Association (IATA) regulations and guidelines for the transportation of research animals, 23–24, 27–28, 30, 50, 71
Dangerous Goods Regulations, 27–28, 68
Live Animals Regulations, 14, 24, 27, 61, 78–79
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International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), 25–27
International regulations for transporting research animals, 22–23
Irradiation, 77
Isolation, 59
K
Kilham Rat virus (KRV), 72–73
L
Laboratory Animal Science Association, Report of the Transport Working Group, 33
Lacey Act, 12–14, 18
Lactating animals, 46
Lakewood, CO, 123
LARs. See Live Animals Regulations
LCM. See Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
LCT. See Lower critical temperature
Listed Animal Permit Officials, 22
Live Animals Regulations (LARs), IATA rules on, 14, 24, 27, 61, 78–79
Livestock, stress experienced during transportation, 37–38
Livestock industry, 33
Livestock Weather Safety Index, 46
Long-term housing, 52
Los Angeles, CA, 9
Lower critical temperature (LCT), 44
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM), 72–73
M
MAD. See Mouse adenovirus
Malign hyperthermia, 48, 50
Manual for the Transportation of Live Animals, 33
Maps
candidate set for the facility-location problem, 121
locations of research facilities using nonhuman primates, major importation sites, and vendors of nonhuman primates in the United States, 83
solution set for the facility location problem for the NIH grants data set (rodents), 122
solution set for the facility location problem for the USDA cats data set, 124
solution set for the facility location problem for the USDA dogs data set, 125
MCMV. See Murine cytomegalovirus
MHV. See Mouse hepatitis virus
Mice, wild, 78
Microisolation shipping containers, 76
Minimizing risks associated with transporting research animals with experimentally introduced zoonoses, 66–68
Minimizing risks associated with transporting research animals with unknown zoonoses, 69–71
special considerations when transporting nonhuman primates, 70–71
special considerations when transporting specimens and tissues, 71
Minute virus of mice (MVM), 72–73
Monitoring
behavioral, of thermal environment, 51
of the transportation of research animals, 60
Mouse adenovirus (MAD), 72–73
Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), 72–73
Mouse parvovirus (Orphan parvovirus) (MPV [OPV]), 71
Mouse thymic virus (MTLV), 72–73
MPV (OPV). See Mouse parvovirus (Orphan parvovirus)
MTLV. See Mouse thymic virus
Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), 72–73
MVM. See Minute virus of mice
N
National Center for Infectious Diseases, 1, 7
National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), 3, 81
National Institutes of Health (NIH), 1, 3, 7, 21, 66, 81
data from, 118
research projects funded by, 85
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National Primate Plan, 3, 81, 84
National Primate Research Center (NPRC), 3, 81, 84–85
National Science Foundation, 84
NCRR. See National Center for Research Resources
Newborns, 46
NIH. See National Institutes of Health
NIH grants data set (rodents), 120
solution sets for the facility location problem for, 122
total weighted-system travel-distance reduction with increase in supply points for, 123
Nonhuman primates (9 CFR 3.86-3.92), 15, 87–88, 104–110
academic researchers utilizing, 82
care in transit, 109
compatibility, 106
delivery to carriers and handlers, 107
documentation of, 107
enclosures for, 104–106
encouraging more airlines to transport, 4
Federal Quarantine Regulations regarding, 19
federal statutes/programs relevant to the transportation of in the United States, 12
food and water, 106
handling, 108
isolating, 79
locations of research facilities using, 83
options available for transporting between research facilities, 9
ports involved, 9
primary conveyance, 109
registering importers of, 20
special considerations when transporting, 70–71
stress experienced during transportation, 37
terminal facilities, 107–108
use in biomedical research, 24
NPRC. See National Primate Research Center
Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals, 58
O
Office International des Épizooties (OIE), 28–29
International Committee, 29
Office of Hazardous Materials, 20, 27
Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW), 21
OIE. See Office International des Épizooties
OLAW. See Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare
Orientation, preferred, 54
Overcrowding, avoiding, 21
Overshippers. See Self-contained overshippers
P
Parasites, and the susceptible species of research animals, 74–75
Patterns in the ground transportation of research animals in the United States, 117–126
background, 117
data preparation, 118–119
empirical results, 120–126
quantitative analysis, 119–120
Performance standards, science-based, 34
Permitting Requirements under CITES, 25
Personal protective equipment (PPEs), 70–71, 76, 78
Personnel training, 10
documenting, 66, 76
high cost of, 3, 82
standard program for, 63
in the transportation of research animals, 61–63
Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA), 7
PHMSA. See Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
PhRMA. See Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America
PHS. See Public Health Service
PHS Policy. See Policy on the Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals
Physical distress
observing, 15, 103–104, 109
protecting against, 21
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Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), 20, 27
Associate Administrator for Hazardous Materials Safety, 20
Hazardous Materials Information Center, 21
Office of Hazardous Materials, 20, 27
Pneumonia virus of mice (PVM), 72–73
Poikilotherms, 50
Policy on the Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 21
Post-transportation recovery times, 36
PPEs. See Personal protective equipment
Preconditioning animals, 59
Predators of wildlife, Federal statutes/programs relevant to the transportation of in the United States, 13
Pregnant animals, 37, 46
Primary conveyance
for dogs and cats, 103
for guinea pigs and hamsters, rabbits, and other animals, 115
for nonhuman primates, 109
Principles of thermoregulation, 39–45
Prions, requiring facility registration with CDC, 67
Private charters, covering the cost of, 82
Professional judgment, 47
Professional societies, 4
Program evaluation, 88
Protecting public health and agricultural resources, 66–71
minimizing risks associated with transporting research animals with experimentally introduced zoonoses, 66–68
minimizing risks associated with transporting research animals with unknown zoonoses, 69–71
Protecting the biological integrity of research animals and colonies, 71–79
barrier containment, 76–77
disinfection, 77–78
personal protective equipment, 78
segregation of animals, 78–79
specific pathogen diagnosis, 77
Protective equipment. See Personal protective equipment
Public Health Service (PHS), Policy on the Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 21
PVM. See Pneumonia virus of mice
Q
Quantitative analysis, 119–120
Quarantine procedures, 22, 77, 79, 88
R
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD), 72–73
Rabbits, 70.
See also Guinea pigs and hamsters, rabbits, and other animals
Rabies, 18
Radioactive/Poisonous Materials Program, 12–13
Rat parvovirus (Orphan parvovirus) (RPV [OPV]), 71
Rats, federal statutes/programs relevant to the transportation of in the United States, 13
Recommendations, 3–5, 81–88
animal welfare, 4–5
declining availability of air transportation for nonhuman primates, 3–4
interagency working group needed to coordinate all federal inspection and permitting of animals, 51, 86–88
National Primate Plan, updating and reimplementing, 3, 81–85
regulatory burden, 4
reliable ground transportation for nonhuman primates, collaboration needed to establish, 4, 85
self-contained overshippers to ship zoonotic animals, need to develop, 4, 86
shipments of research animals between institutions, ensuring coordination between responsible individuals at both institutions, 5, 76, 88
Registered carriers, 9
Regulations and guidelines for the transportation of research animals, 11–32
complex and confusing, 4, 86–87
compliance within, 11
international, 22–23
national, 11–14
Reovirus type 3 (REO 3), 72–73
Report of the Transport Working Group Established by the Laboratory Animal Science Association, 33
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Reporting requirements, inconsistencies in, 87–88
Researchers.
See also Responsible individuals
utilizing nonhuman primates, 82
Responsible individuals, at institutions, 5, 88
RHD. See Rabbit haemorrhagic disease
Rodents, 3, 70, 118
African, ban on importation of, 19
stress experienced during transportation, 36–37
Ross River virus (RRV), 72–73
RPV (OPV). See Rat parvovirus (Orphan parvovirus)
RRV. See Ross River virus
S
Safe temperature ranges during transport, 46–50
San Francisco, CA, 9
Sanitizing holding areas, 102, 108
Science-based performance standards, 34
SDA/RCV. See Sialodacryoadentitis virus/Rat corona virus
Self-contained overshippers, to ship zoonotic animals, need to develop, 4, 70–71, 79, 86
Shipping companies, 10.
See also Carriers
Shipping company, characteristics of a good, 68
Shipping containers, 10.
See also Self-contained overshippers
Shipping routes and destinations, 9, 120
Short-term exposures, 47
Sialodacryoadentitis virus/Rat corona virus (SDA/RCV), 72–73
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), 72–73
Social animals and species, 59
Social interaction and group transportation, in the transportation of research animals, 59
Solitary animals and species, 59
Solution sets for the facility location problem
for the NIH grants data set (rodents), 122
for the USDA cats data set, 124
for the USDA dogs data set, 125
Space allocation in the transportation of research animals, 52–54, 57
for group-transported animals, 55–56
Spatial isolation, 59
Species-specific husbandry, 62
Specific-diagnostic diagnosis, 71
Specific pathogen diagnosis, 77
Specimens, special considerations when transporting, 71
Spring Hill, FL, 123–124
SPS Agreement. See Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
Staff turnovers, 63
State health and agricultural regulations, 22
Sterilization, 76–77
Stocking density, 53
Stress during transportation, 34–38
acute, 34, 36
chronic, 34
livestock, 37–38
nonhuman primates, 37
rodents, 36–37
Supply locations, 119
Sweating species, vs. nonsweating, 45
T
Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air, 25, 27
Temperatures.
See also Ambient temperature
core body, 45
exposure to extreme, 61
safe ranges during transport, 46–50
Terminal facilities
for dogs and cats, 102
for guinea pigs and hamsters, rabbits, and other animals, 114
for nonhuman primates, 107–108
temperatures in, 87
Terrestrial Animal Health Code, 28
Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus strain (GD-VII), 72–73
Thermal environment in the transportation of research animals, 39–52
behavioral monitoring of, 51
effect of transportation caging on, 50–51
exposure to extreme temperatures, 61
principles of thermoregulation, 39–45
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safe temperature ranges during transport, 46–50
thermal acclimation, 47, 51–52, 102–103
Thermogenesis, 48
nonshivering vs. shivering, 43
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ), 39, 42–48
changes in (range of ambient is at a minimum) with age and size in chickens, 43
of various agricultural animals, 44
Thermoregulation data, on common research animal species, 40–41
Third party carriers, 9
Tissues, special considerations when
transporting, 71
TNZ. See Thermoneutral zone
Total weighted-system travel-distance reduction with increase in supply points
for NIH grants data set (rodents), 123
for USDA cats data set, 123
for USDA dogs data set, 126
Toxins that require registration of a facility with CDC, 67
Trade, defining, 23
Training. See Personnel training
TransCAD®, 119
Transport of Dangerous Goods, United Nations recommendations for, 25
Transportation of animals
phases of, 34
between research facilities, checklist of issues to consider when arranging, 10
stressors in research animals, 34–38
Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act of 2002, 84
Truck routes, 120
Turtles, importing, 18–19
U
UCT. See Upper critical temperature
United Nations, recommendations for the Transport of Dangerous Goods, 25
United States, vendors of nonhuman primates in, 83
Upper critical temperature (UCT), 42, 44, 46
US Cities Geographic Information System, 119
US Department of Agriculture (USDA), 14, 71, 85n, 86, 88, 97, 113
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 14, 22
Animal Welfare Act, 12–13
data from, 118
US Department of Defense, 84
US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 84
US Department of Justice, 66
US Department of Transportation (DOT), 20–21, 25, 68, 86
Infectious Substances Program, 12–13
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, 20, 27
Radioactive/Poisonous Materials Program, 12–13
US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), 14–18, 27, 85n, 86
CITES, 12–13, 16, 23
Endangered Species Act, 12–13, 15–17, 23
Lacey Act, 12–14, 18
Permit Website, 16
USA Patriot Act, 66
USDA. See US Department of Agriculture
USDA cats data set
solution sets for the facility location problem for, 124
total weighted-system travel-distance reduction with increase in supply points for, 123
USDA dogs data set
solution sets for the facility location problem for, 125
total weighted-system travel-distance reduction with increase in supply points for, 126
Utilization points, 119
V
Vendors of nonhuman primates in the United States, 83
data on, 118
Ventilation, 102, 108
Vertebrates, warm-blooded, federal statutes/programs relevant to the transportation of in the United States, 13
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Veterans Administration, 84
Veterinary care, 61, 87, 101, 103–104, 109, 115
Viruses
B, 70
Ebola, 70
monkeypox, 22
requiring facility registration with CDC, 67
and the susceptible species of research animals, 72–73
zoonotic diseases transmissible from research animals to humans, 69
Visual isolation, 59
W
Warm-blooded vertebrates, federal statutes/programs relevant to the transportation of in the United States, 13
Washington Convention. See Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
Water bottles, 57
Wild mice, infected, 78
Wildlife
defining, 15
federal statutes/programs relevant to the transportation of in the United States, 13
Working groups. See Interagency working group; Report of the Transport Working Group Established by the Laboratory Animal Science Association
World Animal Health Organization, 28–29
Z
Zoonotic diseases, 3, 9, 28
controlling, 86
risk of, 21, 82
suspected, 88
transmissible from research animals to humans, 69
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