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E
Biographical Sketches of Committee
Members and Staff
Robert M. Russell, M.D., (Chair) is a professor of medicine and nutrition at
Tufts University and director of the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Re-
search Center on Aging at Tufts University in Boston, Massachusetts. As a se-
nior scientist at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on
Aging, Dr. Russell's primary work involves studying the effects of aging on
gastrointestinal absorptive function. He is a noted expert in the area of human
metabolism of retinoids and carotenoids. Dr. Russell is a member of numerous
professional societies and has served as a councilor and president to the Ameri-
can Society for Clinical Nutrition and a member of the Board of Directors of the
American College of Nutrition. Dr. Russell co-authored the standards for
parenteral and enteral nutrition to be used in U.S. long-term care facilities. He
has served on the editorial boards of five professional journals and is a staff
gastroenterologist at the New England Medical Center Hospitals. He has served
on national and international advisory boards including the F.D.A., National
Digestive Diseases Advisory Board, USDA Human Investigation Committee
(chairman), U.S. Pharmacopoeia Convention, National Dairy Council Scienti-
fic Advisory Board, and the American Board of Internal Medicine. He received
his B.S. degree from Harvard University and his M.D. degree from Columbia
University.
John L. Beard, Ph.D., is a professor of nutrition in the Department of Nutrition
at Pennsylvania State University. He earned degrees in organic chemistry in
1970 (B.S.) and 1972 (M.S.) from the Stevens Institute of Technology and the
University of CaliforniaSanta Cruz, respectively; and his Ph.D. degree from
Cornell University (1979) in human nutrition. His research interests include: role
479
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480 MINERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MILITARY PERSONNEL
of iron in dopamine metabolism and action; effect of early life iron deficiency on
brain development and functioning; relationship of brain iron metabolism to
monoamine metabolism in Restless Legs Syndrome and; food-based approaches
to the eradication of iron deficiency.
Melinda Beck, Ph.D., is a professor in the Departments of Nutrition and Pediat-
rics at the University of North CarolinaChapel Hill. Dr. Beck's research fo-
cuses on the exploration of the relationship between antioxidant nutrition and
infectious disease. She received her Ph.D. degree in immunology from Ohio
State University in 1987. Dr. Beck's research focuses on the exploration of the
relationship between antioxidant nutrition and infectious disease. She is particu-
larly interested in determining the mechanism of viral genetic mutation that is
driven by replication in an oxidatively stressed host. In addition, she conducts
collaborative research involving the use of technology of homologous recombi-
nation to knockout specific genes of interest. These studies will assist in defining
the role inflammation plays in specific viral infections, and by using both knock-
out mice and dietary manipulations; further understanding of the effect of oxida-
tive stress on both the host and pathogen can be explored.
Bruce R. Bistrian, M.D., Ph.D., is a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical
School and chief of clinical nutrition at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Cen-
ter. Formerly he was co-director of hyperalimentation services at the New En-
gland Deaconess Hospital, and a lecturer in the Department of Nutrition and
Food Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He earned his M.D.
degree from Cornell University, his M.P.H. degree from Johns Hopkins Univer-
sity, and his Ph.D. degree in nutritional biochemistry and metabolism from MIT.
Dr. Bistrian is board certified in Internal Medicine and Critical Care Medicine.
Dr. Bistrian's primary research interests include nutritional assessment, meta-
bolic effects of acute infections, nutritional support of hospitalized patients, and
the pathophysiology of protein-calorie malnutrition. He is a fellow of the Ameri-
can College of Physicians, and has received an honorary M.A. degree from
Harvard University. Dr. Bistrian is the 2004 recipient of the Goldberger Award
of the American Medical Association. Dr. Bistrian has been president of the
American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, President of the Ameri-
can Society of Clinical Nutrition, and is President-Elect of the Federation of
American Societies of Experimental Biology. Dr. Bistrian has served on the
editorial boards of numerous nutrition and medical journals, and is the author or
co-author of over 400 articles in scientific publications.
Joseph G. Cannon, Ph.D., is a professor in the Departments of Physiology and
Biomedical Technologies at the Medical College of Georgia (MCG), and associ-
ate dean for research in the School of Allied Health Sciences at MCG. Formerly,
he was a professor of applied physiology at the Pennsylvania State University.
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APPENDIX E 481
He earned his Ph.D. degree in physiology from the University of Michigan, his
M.S. degree in engineering from the University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, and
his B.S. degree in engineering from Michigan State University. Dr. Cannon's
primary research interests include the immunological mechanisms involved in
skeletal muscle repair following injury, and nutritional and hormonal influences
on leukocyte function. He holds the Kellett Chair in Allied Health Sciences at
MCG. Dr. Cannon has served on the editorial boards of the American Journal of
Physiology and Journal of Applied Physiology, and is the author or co-author of
over 100 articles in scientific publications.
Gerald F. Combs, Jr., Ph.D., is center director of the U.S. Department of
Agriculture's Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center. He also is Profes-
sor Emeritus at the Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, and an
adjunct professor in the School of Medicine at the University of North Dakota.
Previously, he was a professor of nutrition in the Division of Nutritional Sci-
ences at Cornell University, having been on that faculty since 1975. Dr. Combs
earned his B.S. degree in zoology in 1969, his M.S. degree in entomology in
1971, and his Ph.D. degree in nutrition in 1973. Dr. Combs is internationally
recognized for his research on the nutritional biochemistry of trace elements and
vitamins. His special interests have concerned the metabolism and physiological
actions of the antioxidant nutrients selenium, vitamin E, vitamin C, and factors
that can affect their metabolic functions and dietary needs (e.g., vitamin A, caro-
tenoids, iron, copper, zinc), particularly as they relate to health maintenance in
and reduction of chronic disease (e.g., cancer) risks in humans and animals.
Johanna T. Dwyer, D.Sc., R.D., is director of the Frances Stern Nutrition Cen-
ter at New England Medical Center and is a professor in the Departments of
Medicine and of Community Health at the Tufts Medical School and the School
of Nutrition Science and Policy in Boston. She is also a senior scientist at the
Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts Univer-
sity. She is currently on part-time assignment to the National Institutes of Health
Office of Dietary Supplements. Dr. Dwyer's work centers on life-cycle related
concerns such as the prevention of diet-related disease in children and adoles-
cents and maximization of quality of life and health in the elderly. Dr. Dwyer is
currently the editor of Nutrition Today and on the editorial boards of Family
Economics and Nutrition Reviews. She received her D.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees
from the Harvard School of Public Health, her M.S. degree from the University
of Wisconsin, and completed her undergraduate degree with distinction from
Cornell University. She is a member of the Institute of Medicine, the Technical
Advisory Committee of the Nutrition Screening Initiative, past president of
the American Society for Nutritional Sciences, past secretary of the American
Society for Clinical Nutrition, and past president of the Society for Nutrition
Education.
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482 MINERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MILITARY PERSONNEL
John W. Erdman, Jr., Ph.D., is a professor of nutrition and food science in the
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and a professor in the Depart-
ment of Internal Medicine at the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign. His
research interests include the effects of food processing on nutrient retention, the
metabolic roles of lycopene and beta-carotene, and the bioavailability of minerals
from foods. Dr. Erdman has published over 140 peer-reviewed research papers. He
chaired the 1988 Gordon Conference on Carotenoids, and has served as a Burroughs
Wellcome Visiting Professor in Basic Medical Sciences at the University of Geor-
gia, and the G. Malcolm Trout Visiting Scholar at Michigan State University. His
awards include the Borden Award from the American Society for Nutritional Sci-
ences and the Babcock-Hart Award from the Institute of Food Technologists. Dr.
Erdman has served on many editorial boards, and he has served as president of the
American Society for Nutritional Sciences and on various committees of the Insti-
tute of Food Technologists and the National Academy of Sciences. He was elected
a fellow of the Institute of Food Technologists and the American Heart Association.
Dr Erdman was elected to the Institute of Medicine in 2003. Dr. Erdman received
his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in food science from Rutgers University.
Emily M. Haymes, Ph.D., is a professor in the Department of Nutrition, Food
and Exercise Sciences at Florida State University. She received her B.A. degree
from Drury College in 1961, her M.S. degree from Florida State University in
1962, and her Ph.D. degree from Pennsylvania State University in 1973. Prior to
joining the faculty at Florida State in 1979, she taught at the University of Colo-
rado at Boulder for five years. An exercise physiologist, her primary research
interests are iron depletion in athletes, field measurements of physical activity
and energy expenditure, and the response of males and females to exercise in
warm and cold environments. She co-authored the book The Environment and
Human Performance with Christine Wells. Dr. Haymes has published papers in
several journals including the Journal of Applied Physiology, Medicine and Sci-
ence in Sports and Exercise, International Journal of Sports Medicine, Interna-
tional Journal of Sport Nutrition, and the Physician and Sportsmedicine. Dr.
Haymes served a three-year term as president of the Research Consortium and a
two-year term as vice president of the American College of Sports Medicine.
She is a Fellow of the American Academy of Kinesiology and Physical Educa-
tion, American College of Sports Medicine, and the Research Consortium of the
American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance.
Janet R. Hunt, Ph.D., R.D., is the research leader of the Micronutrient Absorp-
tion and Metabolism Unit at the U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural
Research Service (USDA/ARS) Human Nutrition Research Center in Grand
Forks, North Dakota, and is an adjunct professor of nutrition and dietetics at the
University of North Dakota. Dr. Hunt received her Ph.D. degree in nutrition
from the University of Minnesota. An active member of the American Society
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APPENDIX E 483
for Clinical Nutrition, the American Society for Nutritional Sciences, the Inter-
national BioIron Society and the American Dietetic Association (ADA), she has
served on the ADA board of directors and the ADA journal's editorial board,
and has co-authored ADA's Position Statements on Vitamin and Mineral Supple-
ments. Dr. Hunt investigates human iron and zinc requirements as influenced by
dietary bioavailability, and has published extensively on these topics.
Helen W. Lane, Ph.D., R.D., is the Chief Nutritionist for the National Aeronau-
tics and Space Administration, and Chief Scientist for the Johnson Space Center's
Habitability, Environmental Factors, and Bioastronautics Office. She has served
as the assistant to the director for Advanced Program Coordination and Research
and branch chief for Biomedical Operations and Countermeasures. Dr. Lane was
an associate professor of nutrition at the University of Texas Medical Center
from 1977 to 1984, and a professor of nutrition at Auburn University from 1984
to 1989. At present, she serves as an adjunct professor, Department of Preven-
tive Medicine and Community Health, at the University of Texas Medical Branch
in Galveston. She has led efforts to define nutritional requirements for healthy
crew members during spaceflight. Dr. Lane has completed research on body
composition and on nutritional requirements for energy, water, electrolytes, pro-
tein, calcium, and iron, as well as clinical and basic research on selenium and
breast cancer. As a registered dietitian, she is active in the American Dietetic
Association (ADA). She is also a member of the American Society for Nutri-
tional Sciences and the American Society for Clinical Nutrition.
James G. Penland, Ph.D., is a research psychologist and acting research leader of
the Micronutrient Determinants of Health Unit at the USDA Grand Forks Human
Nutrition Research Center, and adjunct professor of psychology at the University of
North Dakota, where he received his doctoral degree in experimental cognitive
psychology in 1984. Dr. Penland directs a comprehensive research program to study
the effects of mineral nutrition (including copper, iron, magnesium, selenium, and
zinc) on a broad range of human and animal neuropsychological function and be-
havior throughout the life span. During the past 20 years, Dr. Penland has con-
ducted metabolic unit and community based feeding and supplementation studies,
and designed and implemented a mobile nutrition laboratory for studies in schools,
nursing homes, and rural communities. In addition to many research collaborations
in the United States, Dr. Penland has participated in nutrition studies in Guatemala,
New Zealand and the Peoples Republic of China. Dr. Penland has authored or co-
authored nearly 100 scientific publications. Dr. Penland is a recipient of the USDA
Honor Award for Excellence.
Susan S. Percival, Ph.D., is a professor in the Food Science and Human Nutri-
tion Department at the University of Florida. Her research interests include:
nutrition and immunity; effects of botanicals, phytochemicals, and trace ele-
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484 MINERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MILITARY PERSONNEL
ments on immune function; antioxidant bioavailability and impact on immunity;
efficacy of dietary supplements in humans; and mechanistic studies in animal
and cell culture models. Dr. Percival earned her B.S. degree in foods and nutri-
tion from the University of Rhode Island in 1976, her M.S. degree in nutritional
sciences in 1978 from the University of CaliforniaDavis, and her Ph.D. degree
in biological sciences from the University of TexasAustin in 1985.
Connie M. Weaver, Ph.D., is a distinguished professor and head of the Depart-
ment of Foods & Nutrition at Purdue University. In 2000, she became the direc-
tor of a National Institutes of Health funded Botanical Center to study dietary
supplements containing polyphenolics for age-related diseases. Her research in-
terests include mineral bioavailability, calcium metabolism, and bone health.
She has published over 100 research articles. She was a member of the Institute
of Medicine panel to develop new recommendations for requirements for cal-
cium and related minerals. Dr. Weaver is past-president of American Society for
Nutritional Sciences and is on the Board of Trustees of the International Life
Sciences Institute. Dr. Weaver earned her B.S. (1972) and M.S. (1974) degrees
in nutrition from Oregon State University, and her Ph.D. degree in nutrition
(1978) from Florida State University. Dr. Weaver was a member of the 2005
U.S. Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee.
Institute of Medicine Staff
Maria P. Oria, Ph.D., is the study director for the Committee on Military Nutri-
tion Research and its related committees. She is also the director of the Food
Forum, an Institute of Medicine activity by which expert members from the
various sectors dialogue about issues of concern in food and nutrition areas. She
joined the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) in
February 2002. Her work with the FNB has included serving as program officer
for Scientific Criteria to Ensure Safe Food and as study director for Infant For-
mula: Evaluating the Safety of New Ingredients, and for Monitoring Metabolic
Status: Predicting Decrements in Physiological and Cognitive Performance.
Prior to joining the National Academies she was a staff scientist for the Institute
of Food Technologists, coordinating projects on food safety and human nutrition
under a contract with the Food and Drug Administration. She received her B.S.
degree in biology from the University of Navarra (Spain), her M.S. degree in
animal science from the University of Wyoming, and her Ph.D. degree in food
science and nutrition from Purdue University. Her research interests include the
cross-cutting areas between food production and food safety/quality and the im-
pact of food production systems in the environment.
Jon Q. Sanders, B.A., is a senior program assistant with the Food and Nutrition
Board of the Institute of Medicine. Since joining the National Academies in
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APPENDIX E 485
2001, Mr. Sanders has worked on a variety of studies ranging from Everglades
restoration to review of the WIC food packages. He is currently working on two
FNB studies--the first is assessing the progress in childhood obesity prevention
efforts at local, state, and national levels based on the recommendations of the
IOM report Preventing Childhood Obesity: Health in the Balance (2005), and
the second is a military nutrition study to asses the mineral requirements for
cognitive and physical performance of military personnel. Mr. Sanders received
his B.A. degree in anthropology from Trinity University, and is currently doing
graduate work at Johns Hopkins University. He is a member of the Society for
Applied Anthropology and the American Indian Science and Engineering Soci-
ety. He is coauthor of Sitting Down at the Table: Mediation and Resolution of
Water Conflicts (2001). Mr. Sanders' research interests include political ecology
and environmental decision making.
Leslie J. Sim, B.S., is a research associate in the FNB at the IOM and also
provides web support for all of the FNB activities. In 2003, she received recogni-
tion within the FNB as a recipient of an IOM inspirational staff award. Leslie has
previously worked both as a teaching assistant and laboratory assistant for an
undergraduate Food Science Laboratory class. She is currently working on two
IOM studies--the first is directing a workshop on the impact of pregnancy weight
on maternal and child health, and the second is a military nutrition study on
mineral requirements for cognitive and physical performance of military person-
nel. Previously, she has worked on other military nutrition reports including:
Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental Task Performance; High-Energy,
NutrientDense Emergency Relief Food Product; Weight Management: State of
the Science and Opportunities for Military Programs; Monitoring Metabolic
Status: Predicting Decrements in Physiological and Cognitive Performance; and
Nutrient Composition of Rations for Short-Term, High-Intensity Combat Opera-
tions. Leslie also provided research support for the IOM reports, Infant Formula:
Evaluating the Safety of New Ingredients; Dietary Reference Intakes: Applica-
tions in Dietary Planning; and Food Marketing to Children and Youth: Threat
or Opportunity? She received her B.S. degree in biology with an emphasis on
food science from Virginia Tech University and took classes in food science at
North Carolina State University.
