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Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Acronyms and Abbreviations." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Mineral Requirements for Military Personnel: Levels Needed for Cognitive and Physical Performance During Garrison Training. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11610.
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Page 486
Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Acronyms and Abbreviations." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Mineral Requirements for Military Personnel: Levels Needed for Cognitive and Physical Performance During Garrison Training. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11610.
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Page 487
Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Acronyms and Abbreviations." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Mineral Requirements for Military Personnel: Levels Needed for Cognitive and Physical Performance During Garrison Training. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11610.
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Page 488
Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Acronyms and Abbreviations." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Mineral Requirements for Military Personnel: Levels Needed for Cognitive and Physical Performance During Garrison Training. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11610.
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Page 489
Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Acronyms and Abbreviations." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Mineral Requirements for Military Personnel: Levels Needed for Cognitive and Physical Performance During Garrison Training. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11610.
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Page 490
Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Acronyms and Abbreviations." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Mineral Requirements for Military Personnel: Levels Needed for Cognitive and Physical Performance During Garrison Training. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11610.
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Page 491
Suggested Citation:"Appendix F Acronyms and Abbreviations." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Mineral Requirements for Military Personnel: Levels Needed for Cognitive and Physical Performance During Garrison Training. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11610.
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Page 492

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F Acronyms and Abbreviations ACE Angiotensin converting enzyme ADR Adrenergic receptor AI Adequate Intake AIMGT Adequate Intake for military garrison training Al Aluminum ALRI Acute lower respiratory infection AMDR Acceptable macronutrient distribution range APC Antigen presenting cells APP Amyloid precursor protein AR Army regulation ATP Adenosine triphosphate B Boron BCM Body cell mass BHMMR Bone Health and Military Medical Readiness BMC Bone mineral content BMD Bone mass density BMD Bone mineral density C Celsius Ca Calcium CaCO3 Calcium carbonate cal Calorie CBC Complete blood count 486

APPENDIX F 487 CCK Cholecystokinin CCS Copper chaperone for Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase CDC U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CESD Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CH3)3Se+ Trimethylslenonium CH3SeCH3 Dimethylselenide CH3SeH Methylselenol CI Confidence interval CID Cold-induced diuresis CK Creatine kinase Cl Chlorine CMNR Committee on Military Nutrition Research ConA Concanavalin A Cp Ceruloplasmin Cr Chromium CRP Combat ration pack Cu Copper CuZnSOD Copper/Zinc superoxide dismutase CVB3 Coxsackievirus B3 DA Dopamine DASH diet Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet DCT Divalent cation transporter DFE Dietary folate equivalent DHHS U.S. Department of Health and Human Services DI Deiodinase dL Deciliter DMT Divalent metal transporters DoD Department of Defense DPD Dioxypyridinoline DRI Dietary Reference Intake DSM IV Diagnosis and Statistical Manual IV DV Daily value DWHRP Defense Women's Health Research Program DXA Dual energy x-ray absorptiometers EAR Estimated Average Requirement EARMGT Estimated Average Requirement for military garrison training EDI Eating Disorders Inventory EEG Electroencephalogram ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

488 MINERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MILITARY PERSONNEL EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPDS Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale F Fahrenheit F Fluorine FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FDA Food and Drug Administration Fe Iron FEP Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin FEV Forced expiratory volume FGF Fibroblast growth factor fL Femtoliters FNB Food and Nutrition Board FOS Food Operations Sergeants FSR First Strike Ration ft Foot g Gram GABA -aminobutyric acid GHQ General Health Questionnaire Gpx Glutathione peroxidase GHS-Px Glutathione peroxidase GSSeH Glutathioneselenol GSSeSG Selenodiglutathione h Hour Hb Hemoglobin HCl Hydrochloric acid Hct Hematocrit hCtr1 Hepatocyte copper transport protein one HDL High-density lipoprotein HFE Hemochromatosis gene product HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome HOX1 Heme oxygenase HP2000 Healthy People 2000 program HPA Hypothalmus-pituitary-adrenocortical HR Heart rate H2Se Hydrogen selenide Hz Hertz

APPENDIX F 489 I Iodine ID Iron deficiency IDA Iron deficiency anemia IDNA Iron deficient, non-anemic state IFN Interferon Ig Immunoglobulin IGF Insulin-like growth factor IL Interleukin IOM Institute of Medicine IRE Iron responsive molecule IU International units IUNS International Union of Nutrition Scientists IZiNCG International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group K Potassium kcal Kilocalorie kg Kilogram kJ Kilojoules KLH Keyhole limpet hemocyanin km Kilometer lb Pound LDL Low-density lipoprotein L-DOPA L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine LH Luteinized hormone LR Learning task mA Milliamps MCH Mean corpuscular hemoglobin MCHC Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration MCP Monocyte chemoattractant protein MCV Mean corpuscular volume MDQ Menstrual Distress Questionnaire MDRI Military dietary reference intake Mg Magnesium mg Milligram MGT Military garrison training MHC Major Histocompatibility Complex MIP Macrophage inflammatory protein MJ Megajoule mM Millimolar mmol Millimole MMP Matrix metalloproteinases

490 MINERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MILITARY PERSONNEL MMPI Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Test Mn Manganese Mo Molybdenum MP Metabolic period mph Mile per hour MRDA Military recommended dietary allowances MRE Meal, Ready-to-Eat mRNA Messenger ribonucleic acid MT Metallothionein MVC Maximal voluntary static contraction Na Sodium NaCl Sodium chloride NAS National Academy of Sciences NE Norepinephrine NF Nuclear factor NHANES National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Ni Nickel NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartate nmol Nanomol NOAEL No adverse effect level NPY Neuropeptide Y NRC National Research Council NSC Natick Soldier Center NSOR Nutritional Standards for Operational Rations O Oxygen OC Oral contraceptive OR Odds ratio ORS Oral rehydration solution OTC Officer Training Corps P Phosphorus PAM Peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase PBMC Peripheral blood mononuclear cells pH Potential of hydrogen PHA Phytohaemagglutinin PM Progressive Matrices Task PMS Premenstrual syndrome POMS Profile of Mood States POMS-BI Profile of Mood States­BiPolar Form ppm Parts per million pQCT Peripheral quantitative computed tomography

APPENDIX F 491 PR Probed recall task PTH Parathyroid hormone PWM Pokeweed mitogen QCT Quantitative computed tomography RBC Red blood cell RC Recognition memory task RDA Recommended Dietary Allowance RDAMGT Recommended Dietary Allowance for military garrison training RDW Red cell distribution width RLS Restless Legs Syndrome RNA Ribonucleic acid RNS Reactive nitrogen species ROS Reactive oxygen species RPMI Ravens Progressive Matrices Index RR Relative risk RT Reaction time task S Sulphur SD Standard deviation SD Stimulus discrimination task Se Selenium SEAL U.S. Navy's Sea, Air and Land Special Forces SeCys Selenocysteine SEM Standard error of the mean SeMet Selenomethionine SeO2 Selenium dioxide SeP Selenium protein sFt Serum ferritin Si Silicon SNS Sympathetic nervous system SOD Superoxide dismutase SSS Stanford Sleepiness Scale ST Sternberg Memory Search Task STAI State-Trait Anxiety Inventory STAS State-Trait Anger Scale sTfR Serum transferrin receptor TfR Transferrin Receptor TfRIX Transferrin receptor index TfSat Transferrin saturation

492 MINERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MILITARY PERSONNEL Tgf Transforming growth factor Th T helper type cell TIBC Total iron binding capacity TNF Tumor necrosis factor TPN Total parenteral nutrition TR Thioredoxine reductase tRNA Transfer ribonucleic acid TT Tachistoscopic Threshold Task µg Microgram µM MicroMolar UL Tolerable Upper Intake Level UHT Ultra high temperature USUHS Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences U.S. United States USARIEM U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine USARMRMC U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture USDA-ARS U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service USMA United States Military Academy USP United States Pharmacopoeia VCLD Very low calorie diet Ve Ventilatory volume VO2max or peak Maximum oxygen consumption VOC Volatile organic compounds WE Work efficiency WHO World Health Organization wk Week ZIP proteins Zrt/IRT-like proteins Zn Zinc ZnT Zn transporter

Next: Appendix G Glossary »
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The U.S. Army Health Risk Appraisal group surveyed 400,000 active duty U.S. Army personnel in the late 1990s to determine whether or not those personnel met the dietary objectives of Healthy People 2000 (HP2000), a national agenda for health promotion and disease prevention. As reported by Yore et al. (2000), Army personnel generally did not meet the HP2000 goals for nutrition even though significant progress had been made during 1991-1998. Although the specific aspects of diet that would be relevant to this Committee on Mineral Requirements for Cognitive and Physical Performance of Military Personnel are lacking, the findings from this survey suggest that there are dietary problems in the military population. The potential for adverse effects of marginal mineral deficiencies among soldiers engaged in training or military operations and the prospect of improving military performance through mineral intakes have spurred the military's interest in this area of nutrition.

Mineral Requirements for Military Personnel provides background information on the current knowledge regarding soldiers' eating behaviors as well as on the physical and mental stress caused by military garrison training or operations. This report also offers facts on the mineral content of rations and its intake by military personnel and addresses the potential effects of nutrient deficiencies due to inadequate intake or higher requirements during military operations. Mineral Requirements for Military Personnel provides information and recommendations on the development and uses of MDRIs and a description of strategies to increase intake of specific minerals, whether via usual foods, fortification, or supplementation. This report features a description of the metabolism and needs for selected minerals by military personnel under garrison training, recommendations on mineral intake levels, and an assessment of mineral level adequacy in operational rations. This report also includes a prioritization of the research needed to answer information gaps and details of study designs required to gain such information.

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