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Appendix
B
Existing Marine Recreational
Fisheries Surveys
Currently, there are several different surveys of marine recreational
fishing conducted throughout the United States (Table B.1). There are
supplemental surveys that were created to better analyze a specific sector
(e.g., For-Hire Survey [FHS]) and others that better sample specific types
of fishing (e.g., Large Pelagic Survey [LPS]). A quick overview of the
different surveys is provided below.
MARINE RECREATIONAL FISHERIES STATISTICS SURVEYS
The Marine Recreational Fisheries Statistics Survey (MRFSS) was
implemented by the National Marine Fisheries Service in 1979 and was
conducted for all recreational fisheries along the Atlantic and Pacific
coast, in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, and off Hawaii. The
MRFSS is separated into two-month periods called "waves." January and
February are wave 1, March and April are wave 2, and so on.
The MRFSS is designed to determine annual, regional harvest
estimates and to provide continuous, coastwide monitoring of fish stocks.
Total angler fishing trips and total angler catches by species, including
removals and catch released alive, are recorded for the annual, regional
estimates. Fishing effort and catch per unit effort (CPUE) are recorded
for coastwide monitoring. Fishing effort is determined from coastal
household telephone surveys, which collect data for each household by
recording the number of residents who fished in the last two months; for
each angler by recording the number of fishing trips (days) in the last
147
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es es es es
speci speci speci speci
Fish Species All All All All
fo
States boats ckod ckod g
nda and ats
bo nda
and and fishink
United Mode(s) Fishing All Private Pier fishing Pier fishing private rental Beach ban
the
in ey re
) ss
ater Surv (sd mail ce
Ope hc holdes (angl
ctory acle (boat s)r
hatt Cat Metho Hou dire survey license) Cre survey angle
ey ey ey ey
Unit ey re d rv rv rv rv
Surveys ) hc
su su su reel) su
ing per Survt d(s mail
(angl cat) usehol des p
ss-point ss-point ss-point
sh holdes ctory se ho
Fila Catch Effor Metho Hou dire survey licen per Port-ba boat-tri intercept Acce intercept Acce intercept Acce ving-cor( intercept
ey re su re
)
creation
Re Survt (sd mail
e holdes (angl roving neo unts ne (angl
ctory co ctory
Effor Metho Hou dire survey license) Onsite instanta boat Angler dire telepho survey license)
Marin
the st
of aphic
ka ka
Geogr Area Alas Southea Alas California
Overview
B.1
yev e Fish
ka tse ational sier
cre
TABLE Sur Nam Alas Sport Statewide Harv Survey California Re Fishe Survey
OCR for page 149
but es es es es
hali and c
speci speci e siec speci speci
Salmon and Bluefin tuna marlin All All Larg pelagi spe All All
and gn d s
s
shiif anr and yr ats
te boat s and bo
boats er oatsb highly
boats
All sho All arhC d oatbrert siec
head Hea Private cha with migrato spe permit Shore Private rental
yr rd yr rd
ca ca
hc rts hc rts
Mandato cat repo Mandato cat repo
ey ng ey ey
rv rv rv
su su su
sampli
ss-point ss-point ss-point
Acce intercept At-sea Acce intercept Acce intercept
ctory ctory digit
ne ne old ne
dire ey dire ey dom seh ey
Boat telepho surv Boat telepho surv Ran dialing hou telepho surv
gton to
shin andts a
of ts andts of
Wa North Carolina and Maryland Atlantic coa Gulf Mexico Atlantic coa (Virgini Maine) Atlantic coa Gulf Mexico
rd
Ca re
h ational
e yr csi
cre ist
Catc Survey For-Hi Survey Larg Pelagic Survey Marine Re Fishe attS Survey
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es es es es
speci speci speci speci
All All All All
g s g sta s rty r sta s
boat
and bor boat pa boat
an-goin an-goin te tals tals and bor Sound
charte te
Oce private Oce party arhc Coa private Coa and boats Party arhc Puget private
ey ey ey ng ey
rv rv rv rv
des su
p des su su su
p sampli
ss-point ss-point
Port-ba boat-tri intercept Port-ba boat-tri intercept Acce intercept At-sea Acce intercept
re
ey
ctory
boat boat ec
ite count ey ite survtn ne ne (angl
dire ey ctory
Ons exit surv Ons entran cou Boat telepho surv Angler dire telepho survey license)
gton gton
on
shin shin
Oreg Wa California Wa
-r )
ey
(Fo rv
on ational Survey
cre an terr ey Su
Oreg Re Boat Oce Sampling Program Party Cha Surv Hire Puget Sound Sampling Program
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es es es
rally ated
speci speci speci siec
All All All Fede regul spe
g s s sta r, s
nda oatsb boat and ats
boat bo bor charte ad ermitp
an-goin d te with
he
Shore inland Oce private Hea Private rental arhC Party, and boats federal
k k
oo us oo us
Logb nsec Logb nsec
ey ey
rv rv susn ey
rv susn
su des su
p cek des su
p cek
ss-point oo oo
Acce intercept Port-ba boat-tri intercept Logb Port-ba boat-tri intercept Logb
re su
ne (angl boat k roving neo unts k
ctory ite count ey oo us co oo us
Angler dire telepho survey license) Ons exit surv Logb nsec Onsite instanta boat Logb nsec
on of of ts
Oreg Gulf Mexico Gulf Mexico Atlantic coa
nda ne st
Survey Boat ational g Trip
d cre els rtso
Shore Estuari Boat Southea Hea Survey Texas Marine Re Fishin Survey Ves Rep
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152 APPENDIX B
two months; and for each fishing trip by recording state and county of
fishing access, private versus public access, mode of fishing, and date
and time of return.
CPUE is determined from access-point intercept surveys conducted
for shore fishing off docks, piers, jetties, breakwaters, bridges, cause-
ways, beaches, and banks and for private, rental, and for-hire boats.
These surveys collect data on (1) the angler by recording their state and
county of residence and telephone number; (2) the trip by recording the
state and county of trip, fishing mode, and area fished; and (3) the catch
by recording the identified species, number of species, weight and length
of landed fish, and disposition (i.e., thrown back dead or alive, used for
bait, or kept to eat or sell). Total catch recorded for the intercept surveys
include the landed catch as observed by the interviewer, and the catch
landed and thrown back dead as reported by the angler.
Since 1996, aerial surveys have been conducted in Tampa Bay,
Florida, by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. This
method provides instantaneous counts of boats engaged in fishing and
their locations. Boats engaged in fishing are defined by observed fishing
rods engaged in fishing and no commercial markings on the boat. Aerial
counts are adjusted for "turnover" from the access-point or roving boat
surveys to expand fishing effort estimates. Roving boat-access, shore
roving-creel, and access-point surveys are used to correct effort for
fishing guides and charter vessels not distinguished by the aerial
observer.
FOR-HIRE SURVEY
FHS was first implemented in the Gulf of Mexico in 2000 but since
has been extended to all coasts for all fisheries. This survey is designed
to ascertain fishing effort and CPUE data. Effort is determined from boat
directory telephone surveys, and CPUE is determined from access-point
intercept surveys for charter and head boats and from at-sea surveys for
head boats. Boat directory telephone surveys stratify charter and head
boats. Samples are taken from the vessel telephone and address directory
so that 10 percent are contacted randomly for each weekly vessel survey.
The owner or operator of the vessel is contacted, and fishing effort is
determined by recording the number of boat trips, number of anglers, and
areas fished in that week. Boat directory telephone surveys are checked
with dockside validation of boat trips in order to correct for trip reporting
errors. Access-point and at-sea intercept surveys are also used to correct
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APPENDIX B 153
for trips by boats not in the directory. These methods of quality control
aim to more accurately estimate total angler trips and mean catch per
angler trip, which are used to determine total catch.
Intercept surveys are conducted similarly to the methods described in
the MRFSS. At-sea sampling involves an observer onboard the charter or
head boat for Florida, Alabama, the Atlantic coast, and California. The
observer records the number of fish landed and released (alive or dead),
species identification, and effort needed to catch those fish.
PARTY CHARTER SURVEY
The Party Charter Survey (PCS) is structured similarly to FHS, but
PCS only includes fishing trips for party and charter boats off California.
Fishing effort is determined from boat directory telephone surveys, and
CPUE is determined from access-point intercept surveys and at-sea
sampling. Intercept survey methods are described in detail in the MRFSS
section, while boat directory telephone survey and at-sea methods are
described in detail in the FHS section.
ALASKA SPORT FISH STATEWIDE HARVEST SURVEY
The Alaska Sport Fish Statewide Harvest Survey (SWHS) was im-
plemented in 1977 to obtain statewide estimates of catch, location, and
CPUE for each species. SWHS is a fishing household mail survey sent
out using the angler license directory. The survey samples about 20
percent of the households with licensed anglers, and about 40 percent of
the sampled households currently respond to the survey. The SWHS was
initially used instead of the MRFSS because there were not many
telephones in Alaska. In 2003, nearly 292,000 anglers that fished and
over 50 percent of the households surveyed were not residents of Alaska.
CALIFORNIA RECREATIONAL FISHERIES SURVEY
The California Recreational Fisheries Survey (CRFS) was developed
in response to concerns from resource managers and constituents in
regards to groundfish management. CRFS is implemented under the
Pacific coast's Recreational Fisheries Information Network (RecFIN) to
determine monthly estimates for quota management for all California
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154 APPENDIX B
fisheries. Fishing effort is determined from angler directory telephone
surveys, and CPUE is determined from access-point roving-creel, and
access-point boat-trip intercept surveys; the survey type varies depending
on the fishing method. Both the angler directory telephone and roving-
creel surveys were initiated in California in 2004.
Angler directory telephone surveys randomly sample from the angler
license telephone and address directory. The angler is contacted, and
fishing effort is determined by recording the number of boat trips,
number of anglers, and areas fished. Angler directory telephone surveys
are checked with dockside validation of boat trips in order to correct for
trip reporting errors. Access-point, roving-creel, and boat-trip intercept
surveys also are used to correct for trips by anglers not in the directory.
Similar to effort determined using the FHS, these methods of quality
control aim to more accurately estimate the total number of angler trips
and mean catch per angler trip, which are used to determine total catch.
Party and charter boats are sampled by a weekly telephone survey to
determine effort. 10 percent of all active vessel skippers are surveyed to
provide details on the number of trips for the week, trip type, and the
number of anglers carried for fishing trips. Vessel operations are
validated through field observations. Total catch; discards; area of catch
for each stop with catch, depth, and length of discards; and angler demo-
graphics are determined from at-sea sampling.
Access-point boat-trip intercept surveys record data for private,
rental, party, and charter boats. Public access sites are used to collect
data from primary and secondary private boats.1 Effort is determined by
counting all primary boats returning to the site for the day, and CPUE is
determined by sampling all boats at the completion of the trip and
recording the number of anglers per boat, trip type, catch area, discards,
identified catch, and weight and length of catch. The sites where
secondary private boats are found are sampled as clusters. Effort is
determined from instantaneous counts of boat trailers while roving the
cluster of sites, and CPUE is determined by sampling individual anglers
as boats return from the completion of the trip. Data recorded are similar
to the CPUE data recorded for the primary private boat intercept surveys.
Private access sites, such as marinas, harbors, backyard slips, buoyed
vessels, and private ramps and hoists, are used to sample private and
1 Primary private boats are boats returning to sites where 90 percent of catch is
recorded and catch includes management species of concern. Secondary private
boats are boats returning to sites where 10 percent or less of catch is recorded.
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APPENDIX B 155
rental boats. Sampling methods include onsite and offsite surveys (e.g.,
for night fishing). Voluntary catch logs are used by a panel of private
access anglers and fishing clubs to determine CPUE. The logs are vali-
dated with public access boat ramps. Catch rates and CPUE from similar
targeted trips at adjacent public launch ramps are included in private
access boat creel data.
Shore sampling is conducted for fishing off of human-built
platforms, which include piers, jetties, and breakwaters, and off beaches
or banks. Fishing effort off of human-built structures is determined by
counting the number of anglers at the beginning and end of the survey
day and by tallying arrivals and departures during the day. Effort for
beach and bank anglers is determined from angler license telephone
surveys. CPUE for fishing off of human-built structures is determined by
interviewing individual anglers at the completion of their trip. CPUE for
beach and bank anglers is determined by roving creel access-point
surveys. Identified catch, catch length and weight, discards, angler demo-
graphics, and license information are recorded for both human-built
fishing structures and beach and bank fishing. Night and private-access
fishing effort is estimated from licensed angler telephone surveys.
CATCH CARD SURVEY
The Catch Card Survey (CCS) is implemented in Washington, North
Carolina, and Maryland. Catch effort is recorded by mandatory catch
card reports regulated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admini-
stration. The Washington survey includes all boats and shore fishing and
covers the salmon and halibut fisheries. The Atlantic coast survey
includes all boats and covers the bluefin tuna and marlin fisheries. CCS
data only include the recreational landings of designated species. Highly
migratory species catch cards provide a census for landed recreational
billfish and Atlantic bluefin tuna.
LARGE PELAGIC SURVEY
LPS is used along the Atlantic coast from Virginia to Maine. LPS
records information for fishing of offshore pelagic species within this
region. Only private and charter boats with highly migratory species
permits are sampled. Effort is determined from boat directory telephone
surveys, and CPUE is determined from access-point intercept surveys.
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156 APPENDIX B
Refer to the FHS section for details on boat directory telephone survey
methods.
OREGON RECREATIONAL BOAT SURVEY
The Oregon Recreational Boat Survey (ORBS), which is applied for
all fisheries in Oregon, is designed to sample ocean-going private,
charter, and party boats. Effort for ORBS is determined from onsite boat
exit count surveys. Private boats are surveyed by counting bar crossings
from dawn to 10:00 AM in most ports, with expansion to include trips
leaving outside of this time frame. Count surveys include the initial
trailer and moorage slip count plus counts of additional launches
throughout the day. An additional 4 percent expansion is made to all
effort to account for late afternoon trips as recommended by the RecFIN
Statistical Committee. Charter boat effort is calculated by contacting the
charter offices for the tally of trips stratified by target species. This data
is validated with bar crossing counts. CPUE is determined from port-
based boat-trip intercept surveys. Private boats are interviewed
throughout the major moorage and launch sites, and charter boats are
interviewed usually with prior knowledge of trip type. Sampling is
conducted independently of vessel size and passenger load. All
interviews are conducted at the completion of the trip to tally catch by
species retained, species released, length and weight for most species,
lengths for Pacific halibut, and catch area.
Data are stratified by week and season type. Narrow time frames are
required due to the highly variable season and because sampling rates
can vary over the year. Pulse fisheries, like the deepwater halibut season
(often Thursday through Saturday), require further stratification beyond
the week level.
OCEAN SAMPLING PROGRAM
The Ocean Sampling Program (OSP) is administered for all fisheries
in Washington and is designed to sample coastal private, charter, and
party boats. Effort for OSP is determined from onsite boat entrance count
surveys of vessels at ocean ports, and CPUE is determined from port-
based boat-trip intercept surveys. Boat interviews are conducted at the
completion of the trip to tally catch by species, catch length, catch area,
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APPENDIX B 157
and discards. Onsite boat interviews are described in detail in the ORBS
section.
PUGET SOUND SAMPLING PROGRAM
The Puget Sound Sampling Program (PSSP) is used in Washington's
Puget Sound to determine special area catch estimates and CPUE. PSSP
methods are structured to cover the same site for the entire shift where
site selection is based on anticipated effort. Therefore, PSSP data are
responsive to pulse fisheries. Effort at each site is dependent on fishery
openings and closings, catch success, and angler preference. Periodic
spot checks are conducted to confirm effort expectations.
Effort is determined from telephone surveys, and CPUE is
determined from boat-intercept surveys. The Washington Interactive
License Database is used for the telephone surveys and electronically
captures licensed angler contact information at the point of sale. Charter-
issued licenses are outside the point of sale system. The angler license
survey randomly samples 1,700 out of 200,000300,000 licensed
saltwater anglers every two months. The sampling frame is updated prior
to each survey. The angler-license and charter boat-operator telephone
surveys are conducted to collect trip-specific information. These data
include the total number of trips, dates, marine catch area where fishing
occurred, number of anglers per boat, launch sites, and target species.
Response data and the number of contact attempts also are recorded.
Adjustments for unlicensed anglers are estimated from intercept
sampling. CPUE for PSSP is determined from the calculated mean catch
per trip. Boat interviews are conducted at the completion of the trip to
tally catch by species, catch length, catch area, and discards. The
numbers of anglers per boat, licensed anglers per boat, and license type
also are recorded.
SHORE AND ESTUARY BOAT SURVEY
The Shore and Estuary Boat Survey (SEBS) is implemented for all
fisheries in Oregon. Shore and inland boats are surveyed using an angler-
license frame telephone survey to determine effort and an access-point
intercept survey to determine CPUE. Ocean-going private, charter, and
party boats are surveyed using onsite boat exit count surveys to
determine effort and port-based boat-trip intercept surveys to determine
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158 APPENDIX B
CPUE. Species caught, catch length and weight, catch area, and discards
are collected to calculate CPUE. Details of the SEBS survey methods are
described above in various sections.
SOUTHEAST HEAD BOAT SURVEY
The Southeast Head Boat Survey is used for all fisheries in the Gulf
of Mexico. Effort, CPUE, and catch for head boats are determined from
logbook census. The logbooks are collected dockside every two weeks,
on average, by the port agent. At times, such as the off-season, logbooks
are mailed in by the boat captain. This onsite collection is one way that
the information is verified. Additional verification is gained through
onsite surveys that are done at the end of trips to gather sampling data to
compare to the logbooks. The logbooks are used to gather boat permit
number and identification details, date and time sailed, area sailed (e.g.,
state waters, federal waters, inshore), length of trip, number of anglers,
catch by species, catch location (which is done in a 10 minute by 10
minute grid), and discards. (Discard data are separated out into living and
dead categories.)
TEXAS MARINE RECREATIONAL FISHING SURVEY
The Texas Marine Recreational Fishing Survey was initiated in 1974
and is structured to collect information from private, rental, and charter
boats regarding the targeted species, catch composition, catch number,
and catch size through stratified proportional random sampling. Data on
trip length, angler CPUE, location of fishing, gear and bait used,
residence of anglers, and trip satisfaction also are collected.
Onsite surveys are conducted to collect trip-specific information, and
roving surveys are done to collect trailer and empty wet-slip counts.
Results from the onsite survey are expanded by relative pressure at that
site. Boat access sites are surveyed in relation to fishing pressure.
Surveys are conducted for 1,0001,800 hours to maximize angler
intercept. Fishing seasons are stratified by high use (May 15November
20) and low use (November 21May 14). This is stratified further by day
type (weekdays, weekends, and holidays). Surveys are conducted 97
days per bay during high-use season and 36 days per bay during low-use
season, except for Sabine and San Antonio, which only have 72 high-use
survey days. Two-thirds of the surveys are conducted on weekdays and
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APPENDIX B 159
one-third on weekends. This totals to an annual coastwide sample of
1,014 survey days and approximately 12,000 fishing trips interviewed
per year. Further details of onsite surveys are described above in the
CRFS section.
VESSEL TRIP REPORTS
Vessel Trip Reports (VTRs) are implemented for federally regulated
fisheries off the Atlantic coast. Effort, CPUE, and catch for party, char-
ter, and head boats with federal permits are determined from logbook
census. The logbooks, which are collected from these boats for each trip
in state or federal waters, are required to be submitted by the fifteenth of
the month for all trips in the previous month. VTRs record the boat
permit number and identification details, date and time sailed, trip type
(i.e., party or charter), number of crew, number of anglers, catch by
species, catch location, and discards. (Discard data are not separated out
into living and dead categories.) Currently, there is no dual-frame system
in place to verify the information given in VTRs.
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Representative terms from entire chapter:
nrc national
