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Tank Waste Retrieval, Processing, and On-Site Disposal at Three Department of Energy Sites: Final Report
Appendix F Waste Retrieval Status
TABLE F-1 Status of Tank Waste Retrieval Operations at the Three Sites
Site
Tank Identifier
Nominal Tank Capacity (gallons)
Volume of the heel (gallons) (percentage of initial volume)
Radioactivity in the heel (percentage of initial radioactivity)
Completed to the limit of technologies. Most of the radioactivity is due to insoluble strontium-90 inventory. The tank annulus requires additional cleaning.
Completed. Most of the radioactivity is due to cesium-137 and barium-137 trapped in residual zeolites (46% of the heel volume and ~88% of the total curies). Strontium-90 and yttrium-90 make up another ~10% of the radioactivity
Most of the radioactivity is due to cesium-137 and barium-137 trapped in residual zeolites (66% of the heel volume and ~99% of the total radioactivity)
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Tank Waste Retrieval, Processing, and On-Site Disposal at Three Department of Energy Sites: Final Report
Appendix F
Waste Retrieval Status
TABLE F-1 Status of Tank Waste Retrieval Operations at the Three Sites
Site
Tank Identifier
Nominal Tank Capacity (gallons)
Volume of the heel (gallons) (percentage of initial volume)
Radioactivity in the heel (percentage of initial radioactivity)
Residual Waste Retrieval Technology Used
Comments
Savannah River Site (51 tanks)
Tank 16a
1.06 million
9.5 kg solidsa
830 Ci (30.7 TBq)
Water washing, chemical cleaning
Completed to the limit of technologies. Most of the radioactivity is due to insoluble strontium-90 inventory. The tank annulus requires additional cleaning.
Tank 17b
1.3 million
2,200 gallons sludge
2,400 Ci (89 TBq)
Water washing, Sluicing and pumping
Completed (closed)
Tank 20b
1.3 million
1,000 gallons sludge
500 Ci (18.5 TBq)
Sluicing and pumping
Completed (closed)
Tank 18b
1.3 million
4,300 gallons wet solids
27,600 Ci (1.02 PBq)
Sluicing and pumping
Completed. Most of the radioactivity is due to cesium-137 and barium-137 trapped in residual zeolites (46% of the heel volume and ~88% of the total curies). Strontium-90 and yttrium-90 make up another ~10% of the radioactivity
Tank 19b
1.3 million
15,100 gallons wet solids
96,000 Ci (3.6 PBq)
Sluicing and pumping
Most of the radioactivity is due to cesium-137 and barium-137 trapped in residual zeolites (66% of the heel volume and ~99% of the total radioactivity)
Hanford
C-106c
530,000
2,768 gallons (370 cubic feet)
136,700 Ci (5.06 PBq)
Modified sluicing, oxalic acid dissolution
Completed to the limit of technologies. Most of the radioactivity is due to insoluble strontium-90 inventory
C-203d
55,000
138 gallons (18.5 cubic feet)
36 Ci (1.3 TBq)
Vacuum retrieval system
Completed
C-202e
55,000
147 gallons
Results not available
Vacuum retrieval system
Completed
S-102f
758,000
321,000 gallons (in progress)
Results not available
Modified sluicing, saltcake dissolution
Retrieval still under way
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Tank Waste Retrieval, Processing, and On-Site Disposal at Three Department of Energy Sites: Final Report
Site
Tank Identifier
Nominal Tank Capacity (gallons)
Volume of the heel (gallons) (percentage of initial volume)
Radioactivity in the heel (percentage of initial radioactivity)
Residual Waste Retrieval Technology Used
Comments
Hanford
S-112f
758,000
23,000 gallons
Results not available
Modified sluicing, saltcake dissolution, Salt Mantis
Retrieval complete to the limit of technology for modified sluicing and saltcake dissolution; additional technology (Salt Mantis) deployed, retrieval still in progress
Idahog
WM-180
300,000
7,600 gallons liquidsg
542 kg solids
1,047 Ci
(38.7 TBq)
Pumping and water washing
WM-181
300,000
7,300 gallons liquidsg
246 kg solids
475 Ci
(17.6 TBq)
Pumping and water washing
WM-182
300,000
6500 gallons liquidsg
1238 kg solids
2,394 Ci
(88.6 TBq)
Pumping and water washing
WM-183
300,000
8000 gallons liquidsg
702 kg solids
1,363 Ci
(50.4 TBq)
Pumping and water washing
WM-184
300,000
3100 gallons liquidsg
558 kg solids
1,077 Ci
(39.8 TBq)
Pumping and water washing
WM-185
300,000
5800 gallons liquidsg
720 kg solids
1,391 Ci +
3,850 Ci in the sandpad (194 TBq )
Pumping and water washing
WM-186
300,000
6,600 gallons liquidsg
334 kg solids
646 Ci
(23.9 TBq)
Pumping and water washing
WM-103
30,000
19 kg solids
37 Ci
(1.4 TBq)
Pumping and water washing
Conservative estimates of solids based on a biological film layer at the bottom of the tank
WM-104
30,000
19 kg solids
37 Ci
(1.4 TBq)
Pumping and water washing
Conservative estimates of solids based on a biological film layer at the bottom of the tank
WM-105
30,000
19 kg solids
37 Ci
(1.4 TBq)
Pumping and water washing
Conservative estimates of solids based on a biological film layer at the bottom of the tank
WM-106
30,000
19 kg solids
37 Ci
(1.4 TBq)
Pumping and water washing
Conservative estimates of solids based on a biological film layer at the bottom of the tank
NOTE: Only tanks that had most waste retrieved at the time of writing (December 2005) are shown; other tanks may be in process. The table has been fact-checked by the three sites.
a Fowler, 1981.
b DOE-SRS, 2005a.
c Hewitt, and Sams, 2005.
d Quintero, 2005b.
e. Quintero, 2005b.
f Dodd, 2005.
g DOE-ID, 2005a.
h A volume of flush water is left in the tanks after the last wash cycle, to allow for sampling, keep any remaining solids in a state to allow further removal during the grouting phase, and allow enough volume to permit restart of the transfer jets during tank grouting. During the tank grouting phase,the transfer jets will be operated to remove the remaining liquid and whatever solid particles come with it.
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Tank Waste Retrieval, Processing, and On-Site Disposal at Three Department of Energy Sites: Final Report
TABLE F-2 Summary of Main Waste Retrieval Tools in DOE’s Toolbox
Mobilization or Collection Technique
Tool Considered or Developed
Tool Tested
Tool Deployed
“Wet” technologies
Mixing or sluicing technologies
Low pressure (<1000 psi)
Slurry pumps (several SRS tanks); waterbrush (SRS Tank 17); Flygt Mixer (SRS Tanks 17 and 19); bladed agitators (several SRS tanks— small processing vessels); Advanced Design Mixer Pump (SRS Tank 18); Hanford C-103 Sluicer (Hanford Tank C-103); Hanford C-106 Sluicer (Hanford Tank C-106);washball or directional nozzle wash system (INL tanks)
Moderate pressure (1,000 < psi < 3,000)
Borehole miner (several ORNL tanks); water mouse (SRS Tank 17)
High-pressure (>3,000 psi)
Hydrolaser/hydrolance (SRS Tank 19); Salt Mantis (Hanford S-112); Confined Sluicing End Effector (CSEE; ORNL); bilateral sluicers (SRS Type I Tanks)
Pulsating mixing devices
AEA Technology Power Fluidics (cold tested at Hanford)
Russian Pulsating Mixer Pump (PMP) (tested at PNNL and at ORNL)
Chemical cleaning
Using sluicing
Modified sluicing and acid dissolution (Hanford tank C-106)
Using mixers
Oxalic acid (SRS Tanks 16 and 24)
Dry or semidry technologies
Vacuum
Vacuum retrieval system (Hanford C-202, C-203, C-201)
Scarifier or grinder
Rail or pneumatic wheel-based systems used in the mining industry (never tested or deployed in DOE tanks); dry retrieval system (considered for Hanford Tank C-104 but never deployed)
Burnishing tool (deployed at West Valley); scarifier (deployed at ORNL using both the Houdini™ and the Modified Light Duty Utility Arm (MLDUA)
Mechanical conveyance systems
Deployment devices or delivery tools
Simple mast
Delphinus (never deployed)
Vacuum retrieval system (Hanford Tanks C-202, C-203, C-201), Mast Tool Delivery System (West Valley Tank 8D-1)
Multijoined arm
SRS Crawler (designed for deployment in SRS Tank 19 but never deployed), VAC TRAX (never deployed), Pit Hog (never deployed), ESG/LATA Trac-Pump (never deployed)
EMMA (tested for use at Fernald but never deployed), ReTRIEVR (tested for use at Fernald but never deployed), Tarzan (partially built for use at West Valley but never completed)
Light Duty Utility Arm (LDUA) and MLDUA (Oak Ridge)
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Tank Waste Retrieval, Processing, and On-Site Disposal at Three Department of Energy Sites: Final Report
Mobilization or Collection Technique
Tool Considered or Developed
Tool Tested
Tool Deployed
In-tank vehicle
ARD (never deployed in a tank but used in SRS B-Area solvent tanks)
Houdini™ (deployed at ORNL), Scarab-3 (deployed at ORNL)
Combined systems
Vacuum plus in-tank vehicle
Mobile retrieval system (tested at the Hanford Cold Test Facility)
Scarifier plus in-tank vehicle
Grinding mechanism used in combination with the Delphinus arm
Scarifier deployed via Houdini™ (ORNL)
Vacuum plus surface system
Waste Dislodging and Conveyance System (deployed at ORNL)
NOTES: Some tools have been considered or developed in a laboratory setting. Some tools have been tested in a cold test facility. Some tools have been deployed in actual waste tanks (location in parenthesis). Deployment implies previous development and cold testing as well. Status indicates if and where device was deployed or tested. INL = Idaho National Laboratory; ORNL = Oak Ridge National Laboratory; PNNL = Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; SRS = Savannah River Site.
SOURCES: Davis, 1998; Bogen et al., 1999; DOE-TFA, 2000a; Bamberger et al., 2001; Burks, 2005; DOE-SRS, 2005a.
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