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HARDBACK + PDF your price: $33.00 add to cart HARDBACK list:$27.95 Web:$25.16 add to cart PDF BOOK your price: $21.50 add to cart PDF CHAPTERS your price: $2.20 select Rights & Permissions Free Resources Display this book on your site! Related Titles Effects of Past Global Change on Life Solid-Earth Sciences and Society Other Related Titles Out of Thin Air: Dinosaurs, Birds, and Earth's Ancient Atmosphere (2006) Joseph Henry Press (JHP) Web Search Builder Use this book's key terms to search within this book, across our collection, or across the Web. Skim This Chapter Skim this chapter and use this chapter's key terms to search within this book. Reference Finder Paste in your own text to find books that relate to your topic. Page 261   E-mail  Facebook  Digg  Stumble  Twitter More The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. APPENDIX RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS AMONG VARIOUS ANIMAL GROUPS Page 261 Front Matter (R1-R14) Introduction (1-8) 1 Respiration and the Body Plans of Animal Life (9-30) 2 Oxygen Through Time (31-50) 3 Evolving Respiratory Systems as a Cause of the Cambrian Explosion (51-80) 4 The Ordovician: Cambrian Explosion Part II (81-88) 5 The Silurian-Devonian: How an Oxygen Spike Allowed the First Conquest of Land (89-110) 6 The Carboniferous-Early Permian: High Oxygen, Fires, and Giants (111-132) 7 The Permian Extinction and the Evolution of Endothermy (133-158) 8 The Triassic Explosion (159-198) 9 The Jurassic: Dinosaur Hegemony in a Low-Oxygen World (199-222) 10 The Cretaceous Extinction and the Rise of Large Mammals (223-228) 11 Should We Fear the Oxygen Future? (229-236) References (237-260) Appendix (261-264) Index (265-282)

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OCR for page 261
Out of Thin Air: Dinosaurs, Birds, and Earth’s Ancient Atmosphere APPENDIX RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS AMONG VARIOUS ANIMAL GROUPS

OCR for page 262
Out of Thin Air: Dinosaurs, Birds, and Earth’s Ancient Atmosphere Respiratory Systems Among Various Animal Groups Taxon Medium Type Absorption surface Humans Air Pump lung Complex alveoli Birds Air Pump lung with added air sac Simple alveoli in lung, and internal surface of air sacs Lizards Air Pump lung Simple alveoli Crocodiles Air Pump lung Simple alveoli Saurischian dinosaurs Air Pump lung with added air sac ? Fish Water Counter current gills Gill surface Bivalve mollusks Water Medium pressure Pump gills Chambered cephalopods Water Complex gills, high pressure pump gills Gill surface Brachiopods Water Low pressure pump gills Lophophore surface, punctae (terebratulids) Scleractinian corals Water No gill epithelial adsorption Epithelium, internal mesentaries Echinoids Water External gill, adsorption, tube feet Gill surface Bryozoans Water Lophophore Epithelial absorption Sponges Water No gills, medium pressure pump Choanocyte cell surface Tunicates Water Internal gill, medium pressure pump Internal gill surface

OCR for page 263
Out of Thin Air: Dinosaurs, Birds, and Earth’s Ancient Atmosphere Surface area/volume of resp. organ Blood flow across resp. organ Source of pump Chambers in heart Blood pigment High High Diaphragm breathing Four Hemoglobin High High Ribcage, pelvic Four Hemoglobin Low Low Diaphragm Three Hemoglobin Low Low Pelvic pump Three Hemoglobin ? ? Ribcage, pelvic Four ?   Low Rib ventilation Two     Low Cilia in siphon One None   High Adductor muscle contraction One Hemocyanin   Low Cilia None None   None None None None   Low Water vascular system       Low Cilia None None   None Cilia Flagellar beating None   Low Cilia    

OCR for page 264
Out of Thin Air: Dinosaurs, Birds, and Earth’s Ancient Atmosphere This page intially left blank

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pump lung