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OCR for page 271
Asbestos: Selected Cancers
APPENDIX D
Cohort Results Tables
TABLE D.1 Pharyngeal Cancer and Exposure to Asbestos—Cohort Studies
Reference*
Study Population
Exposed Cases
Estimated RR (95% CI)
Mining
Reid et al. 2004
5,685 male crocidolite mining and milling workers in western Australia (incidence 1980-2000—pharynx)
16
1.88 (1.15-3.07)
Piolatto et al. 1990
1,058 male chrysotile miners in northern Italy (oropharynx)
6
2.31 (0.85-5.02)a
Duration of exposure (years)
< 10
5
4.55 (1.47-10.61)a
10-20
1
2.00 (0.05-11.14)a
> 20
0
0.0 (0.0-4.10)a
Sluis-Cremer et al. 1992
7,317 male amosite and crocidolite miners in South Africa (lip, oral cavity, pharynx)
10
2.14 (1.03-3.94)
Amosite subcohort
1
0.42 (0.0-1.97)
Crocidolite subcohort
5
2.94 (1.16-6.18)
Insulation Manufacture/Insulators (laggers)
Berry et al. 2000
1,400 male asbestos factory workers in east London, UK (pharynx, buccal cavity) (laggers)
0
0.0 (0.0-8.79)a
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Asbestos: Selected Cancers
Reference*
Study Population
Exposed Cases
Estimated RR (95% CI)
Selikoff and Seidman 1991
17,800 male members of asbestos insulation unions in Canada and US in 1967 (oropharynx)
48
2.18 (1.62-2.91)a
Levin et al. 1998
783 white male asbestos pipe insulation factory in Tyler, TX (pharynx, buccal cavity)
1
1.07 (0.03-5.95)
Asbestos Textile Workers
Pira et al. 2005
1,966 textile employees in Italy (oral, pharynx)
7
2.26 (0.90-4.65)
Duration of employment (years)
< 1
4
3.89 (1.06-9.96)a
1 to < 5
2
2.52 (0.30-9.10)a
5 to < 10
0
0
10+
1
1.33 (0.03-7.41)a
Time since first employment (years)
< 15
3
3.36 (0.69-9.83)a
15 to < 25
4
3.63 (0.99-9.30)a
25 to < 35
0
0
35+
0
0
Time since last exposure (years)
Ongoing to < 3
1
1.86 (0.05-10.38)a
3 to < 15
2
1.79 (0.22-6.46)a
15 to < 25
4
4.72 (1.29-12.08)a
25 to < 35
0
0
35+
0
0
Age at first exposure (years)
< 25
0
0
25 to < 35
2
2.57 (0.31-9.27)a
35+
5
2.62 (0.85-6.12)a
Sex
889 men
7
2.54 (1.0-5.23)a
1,077 women
0
0
Asbestos Cement
Raffn et al. 1989
7,996 male asbestos-cement industry workers in Denmark (buccal cavity, pharynx) (incidence)
13
0.79 (0.42-1.35)
Giaroli et al. 1994
3,341 male asbestos-cement workers in Italy (mouth, pharynx)
00 (0-1.37)b
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Asbestos: Selected Cancers
Reference*
Study Population
Exposed Cases
Estimated RR (95% CI)
Hughes et al. 1987
5,492 male asbestos-cement manufacturing plant employees in New Orleans, LA (buccal, pharynx)
Plants combined (20 year lag)
11
0.90 (0.45-1.61)a
Plant 1
5
1.13 (0.37-2.64)a
Plant 2
6
0.77 (0.28-1.67)a
Parnes 1990
2,057 male brake-lining and disk- manufacturing workers in Albany, NY (buccal cavity, pharynx)
3
1.83 (0.37-5.19)a
Generic “Asbestos Workers”
Berry et al. 2000
Asbestos factory workers in east London, UK (buccal cavity, pharynx)
3,000 men
5
2.17 (0.70-5.07)a
Low/mod < 2 years
1
1.59 (0.04-8.84)a
Low/mod > 2 years
1
2.04 (0.05-11.37)a
Severe < 2 years
2
2.94 (0.36-10.62)a
Severe > 2 years
1
2.00 (0.05-11.14)a
700 women
0
0.00 (0.00-7.10)a
Enterline et al. 1987
1,074 white male production and maintenance workers at US asbestos company (buccal cavity, pharynx)
5
1.39 (0.45-3.24)a
Other Occupations with Substantial Asbestos Exposure
Battista et al. 1999
734 male railway carriage construction and repair workers in Italy (mouth, pharynx)
3
2.65 (0.72-6.86)b
Puntoni et al. 2001
3,984 male shipyard workers in Genoa, Italy (oropharynx)
16
0.97 (0.56-1.58)
NOTE: CI = Confidence interval; RR = relative risk. Figures are for mortality unless otherwise indicated. Data points included in meta-analyses are bolded.
* Full citations can be found in the reference list for Chapter 6.
a95% CIs calculated with standard methods from observed and expected numbers presented in original paper.
b90% CIs reported.
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Asbestos: Selected Cancers
TABLE D.2 Laryngeal Cancer and Exposure to Asbestos—Cohort Studies
Reference*
Study Population
Exposed Cases
Estimated RR (95% CI)
Patients with Asbestos-Related Disease
Germani et al. 1999
631 women compensated for asbestosis in Italy
1
8.09 (0.21-45.08)
Textile industry (n = 276)
0
0.0 (0.0-60.10)a
Asbestos cement industry (n = 278)
1
16.09 (0.42-89.66)
Karjalainen et al. 1999
Asbestos-related disease patients in Finland (incidence)
Men
1,287 with asbestosis
5
4.2 (1.4-9.8)
4,708 with benign pleural disease
1
0.5 (0.0-2.7)
Women
89 with asbestosis
00 (0.0-340.0)
179 with benign pleural disease
0
0 (0.0-460.0)
Szesznia- Dabrowska et al. 2002
902 male workers compensated for asbestosis in Poland
1
0.43 (0.01-2.40)a
Mining
Armstrong et al. 1988
6,505 male crocidolite miners and millers in Western Australia (mortality to 1980)
2
0.68 (0.17-2.74)
Reid et al. 2004
5,685 male crocidolite mining and milling workers in western Australia (incidence 1980-2000)
19
1.82 (1.16-2.85)
Liddell et al. 1997
8,923 male chrysotile miners and millers in Quebec (mortality 1950-1992)
36
1.11 (0.79-1.55)a
Cumulative exposure to age 55 (million particles per cubic foot-yrs) among 7,728 living to age 55
30
1.04 (0.70-1.48)a
< 300
24
1.03 (0.66-1.53)a
< 3
7
1.45 (0.58-2.99)a
3 to < 10
6
1.71 (0.63-3.72)a
10 to < 30
2
0.51 (0.06-1.84)a
30 to < 60
1
0.34 (0.01-1.89)a
60 to < 100
3
1.11 (0.23-3.24)a
100 to < 200
2
0.59 (0.07-2.13)a
200 to < 300
3
1.45 (0.30-4.24)a
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Asbestos: Selected Cancers
Reference*
Study Population
Exposed Cases
Estimated RR (95% CI)
> 300
6
1.08 (0.40-2.35)a
300 to < 400
4
3.12 (0.85-7.99)a
400 to < 1000
2
0.64 (0.08-2.31)a
1000+
0
0.00 (0.00-3.24)a
Meurman et al. 1994
Anthophyllite asbestos miners in Finland (incidence)
736 men (3+ months of exposed time)
4
1.75 (0.48-4.47)
Moderate exposure
1
1.33 (0.03-7.40)
Heavy exposure
3
1.95 (0.40-5.69)
5+ years of exposed time
2
3.03 (0.37-10.9)
Moderate exposure
0
0 (0.00-36.2)
Heavy exposure
2
3.60 (0.44-13.0)
167 women (3+ months of exposed time)
0
0 (0.00-123.0)
Piolatto et al. 1990
1,058 male chrysotile miners in northern Italy
8
2.67 (1.15-5.25)a
Duration of exposure (years)
< 10
3
2.31 (0.48-6.75)a
10-20
0
0 (0.00-6.15)a
> 20
5
4.55 (1.47-10.61)a
Age at first exposure (years)
< 30
5
3.57 (1.16-8.34)a
30+
3
1.88 (0.39-5.48)a
Time since first exposure (years)
< 20
2
4.00 (0.48-14.44)a
20-30
2
2.50 (0.30-9.02)a
≥ 30
4
2.35 (0.64-6.02)a
Time since last exposure (years)
Ongoing
2
4.00 (0.48-14.44)a
≤ 10
3
4.29 (0.88-12.53)a
> 10
3
1.67 (0.34-4.87)a
Cumulative dust exposure (fiber-years)
< 100
1
1.43 (0.04-7.96)a
100-400
2
2.22 (0.27-8.02)a
> 400
5
3.85 (1.25-8.98)a
Sluis-Cremer et al. 1992
7,317 male amosite and crocidolite miners in South Africa
5
1.86 (0.60-4.34)
Amosite subcohort
2
1.44 (0.25-4.52)
Crocidolite subcohort
3
3.09 (0.84-7.98)
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Asbestos: Selected Cancers
Reference*
Study Population
Exposed Cases
Estimated RR (95% CI)
Insulation Manufacture/Insulators (laggers)
Selikoff and Seidman 1991
17,800 male members of asbestos insulation unions in Canada and US in 1967
18
1.70 (1.01-2.69)a
Berry et al. 2000
1,400 male asbestos factory workers in east London, UK (laggers)
0
0.00 (0.0-15.38)a
Levin et al. 1998
753 white male workers in asbestos pipe insulation factory in Tyler, TX
1
2.21 (0.06-12.29)
Asbestos Textile Workers
Pira et al. 2005
1,966 textile employees in Italy
7
2.38 (0.95-4.90)
Duration of employment (years)
< 1
1
1.05 (0.03-5.87)a
1 to < 5
3
3.98 (0.82-11.63)a
5 to < 10
2
3.90 (0.47-14.09)a
10+
1
1.38 (0.03-7.67)a
Time since first employment (years)
< 15
1
1.06 (0.03-5.92)a
15 to < 25
1
0.98 (0.02-5.46)a
25 to < 35
5
7.32 (2.37-17.09)a
35+
0
0
Time since last exposure (years)
Ongoing to < 3
0
0
3 to < 15
3
2.71 (0.56-7.93)a
15 to < 25
2
2.67 (0.32-9.62)a
25 to < 35
2
4.99 (0.60-18.00)a
35+
0
0
Age at first exposure (years)
< 25
1
3.84 (0.10-21.38)a
25 to < 35
1
1.57 (0.04-8.76)a
35+
5
2.44 (0.79-5.71)a
Sex
889 men
7
2.46 (0.99-5.06)a
1,077 women
0
0
Peto et al. 1985
Asbestos textile factory workers in Rochdale, UK
283 women
0
0.0 (0.00-61.50)b
3,211 men
4
1.55 (0.42-3.97)b
< 10 years in scheduled areas
Time since first employment
< 20 years
0
0.0 (0.00-4.24)b
20+ years
4
3.70 (1.01-9.48)b
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Asbestos: Selected Cancers
Reference*
Study Population
Exposed Cases
Estimated RR (95% CI)
10+ years in scheduled areas
Time since first employment
< 20 years
0
0.0 (0.00-19.42)b
20+ years
0
0.0 (0.00-8.20)b
Dement et al. 1994
3,022 asbestos textile plant workers in South Carolina
4
1.55 (0.53-3.55)
White males
3
2.31 (0.63-5.96)
White females
0
0.0 (0.00-12.72)b
Black males
1
1.02 (0.05-4.84)
Asbestos Cement
Raffn et al. 1989
7,996 male asbestos-cement industry workers in Denmark (incidence)
14
1.66 (0.91-2.78)
Duration of employment, 15 years latency
< 5 years
2
0.81 (0.09-2.94)
≥ 5 years 6
6
2.27 (0.83-4.95)
First employment 1928-40, 15 years latency
5
5.50 (1.77-12.82)
Giaroli et al. 1994
3,341 male asbestos-cement workers in Italy
2
0.82 (0.15-2.59)
Botta et al. 1991
Asbestos-cement workers in Italy
2,608 men
5
0.70 (0.23-1.64)
759 women
0
0.0 (0.00-369.0)b
Smailyte et al. 2004
1,285 male asbestos-cement producers in Lithuania (incidence)
7
1.4 (0.7-2.9)
Duration of employment (years)
< 1
0
0.0 (0.0-4.1)b
1-4
3
1.6 (0.5-4.8)
5-9
2
3.0 (0.8-12.5)
≥ 10
2
1.3 (0.4-5.7)
25+ years since first exposure
3
1.4 (0.29-4.09)a
Gardner et al. 1986
2,090 chrysotile asbestos cement products workers in England
1
0.91 (0.02-5.06)b
Hughes et al. 1987
5,492 male asbestos-cement manufacturing plant employees in New Orleans, LA
Plants combined (20 year lag)
3
0.56 (0.11-1.62)a
Plant 1
2
1.00 (0.12-3.61)a
Plant 2
1
0.30 (0.01-1.64)a
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Asbestos: Selected Cancers
Reference*
Study Population
Exposed Cases
Estimated RR (95% CI)
Friction Materials
Finkelstein 1989
1,314 male workers in automotive parts factory in Ontario
3
8.54 (1.76-24.97)a
Duration of employment (years)
1 to < 20
0
0.00 (0.00-36.27)a
≥ 20
3
1.90 (2.46-34.79)a
Berry 1994
9,104 male friction materials factory workers in the UK
6
0.64 (0.23-1.39)
Parnes et al. 1990
2,057 male brake-lining and disk- manufacturing workers in Albany, NY
3
4.03 (0.80-11.39)a
Duration of employment (years)
0-4
2
6.64 (0.76-22.70)a
5+
1
2.24 (0.06-12.41)a
Generic “Asbestos Workers”
Berry et al. 2000
Asbestos factory workers in east London, UK
3,000 men
3
2.05 (0.42-6.01)a
Low/mod
0
0.00 (0.00-5.27)a
Severe < 2 years
2
4.65 (0.56-16.79)a
Severe > 2 years
1
3.03 (0.08-16.88)a
700 women
0
0.00 (0.00-26.36)a
Enterline et al. 1987
1,074 white male production and maintenance workers at US asbestos company
2
1.14 (0.14-4.13)a
Other Occupations with Substantial Asbestos Exposure
Finkelstein and Verma 2004
25,285 male pipe-trade workers in Ontario 20+ years since start of membership (latency)
14
1.32 (0.72-2.21)
Tola et al. 1988
7,775 male shipyard workers in Finland (incidence)
24
1.20 (0.77-1.79)
Battista et al. 1999
734 male railway carriage construction and repair workers in Italy
5
2.40 (0.95-5.05)c
Puntoni et al. 2001
3,984 male shipyard workers in Genoa, Italy Time since first exposure (years)
32
1.64 (1.12-2.32)
0-19
5
1.36 (0.44-3.17)a
20-29
4
0.93 (0.25-2.38)a
30-39
6
1.58 (0.58-3.44)a
≥ 40
17
2.20 (1.28-3.52)a
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Asbestos: Selected Cancers
Reference*
Study Population
Exposed Cases
Estimated RR (95% CI)
Duration of exposure (years)
0-14
6
1.14 (0.42-2.48)a
15-24
8
1.59 (0.69-3.13)a
≥ 25
18
1.96 (1.16-3.10)a
Age at hire (years)
0-24
15
2.36 (1.32-3.89)a
25-34
9
1.89 (0.87-3.59)a
≥ 35
8
0.96 (0.41-1.89)a
Period of hire ≤ 1940
22
2.36 (1.48-3.57)a
Insulation workers
3
8.52 (1.76-24.91)a
NOTE: CI = Confidence interval; RR = relative risk. Figures are for mortality unless otherwise indicated. Data points included in meta-analyses are bolded.
* Full citations can be found in the reference list for Chapter 6.
a95% CIs calculated with standard methods from observed and expected numbers presented in original paper.
bSMR and 95% CIs calculated with standard methods from observed and expected numbers presented in original paper.
c90% CIs reported.
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Asbestos: Selected Cancers
TABLE D.3 Esophageal Cancer and Exposure to Asbestos—Cohort Studies
Reference*
Study Population
Exposed Cases
Estimated RR (95% CI)
Patients with Asbestos-Related Disease
Karjalainen et al. 1999
Asbestos-related disease patients in Finland (incidence)
Men
1,287 with asbestosis
1
1.0 (0.0-5.5)
4,708 with benign pleural disease
1
0.5 (0.0-2.7)
Women
89 with asbestosis
1
10.5 (0.3-58.2)
179 with benign pleural disease
0
0.0 (0.0-92.6)
Szesznia- Dabrowska et al. 2002
902 male workers compensated for asbestosis in Poland
1
0.65 (0.01-2.40)a
Mining
Armstrong et al. 1988
6,505 male crocidolite miners and millers in Western Australia (mortality to 1980)
3
0.72 (0.23-2.22)
Reid et al. 2004
5,685 male crocidolite mining and milling workers in western Australia
Incidence
10
1.11 (0.60-2.07)
Mortality
8
0.89 (0.44-1.78)
McDonald et al. 1993
5,335 chrysotile miners and millers in Quebec (1976-1988)
10
0.73 (0.35-1.34)a
Meurman et al. 1994
Anthophyllite asbestos miners in Finland (incidence)
736 men (3+ months of exposed time)
3
1.99 (0.41-5.81)
Moderate exposure
1
1.70 (0.04-9.44)
Heavy exposure
2
2.18 (0.26-7.88)
5+ years of exposed time
2
5.00 (0.61-18.1)
Moderate exposure
0
0 (0.00-61.0)
Heavy exposure
2
5.92 (0.72-21.4)
167 women (3+ months of exposed time)
1
2.86 (0.07-15.9)
Moderate exposure
1
8.68 (0.22-48.4)
Heavy exposure
0
0 (0.00-16.1)
Insulation Manufacture/Insulators (laggers)
Selikoff and Seidman 1991
17,800 male members of asbestos insulation unions in Canada and US in 1967
30
1.68 (1.13-2.40)a
Seidman et al. 1986
820 men producing amosite asbestos insulation in Paterson, NJ, US
1
0.49 (0.01-2.70)b
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Asbestos: Selected Cancers
Reference*
Study Population
Exposed Cases
Estimated RR (95% CI)
Selikoff et al. 1979
632 male insulation workers in New York and New Jersey, US before 1943
1
0.71 (0.02-3.98)b
<35 years
0
0.0 (0.00-9.04)a
35 + years
1
1.00 (0.03-5.57)b
Acheson et al. 1984
4,820 male insulation board factory workers in Uxbridge, UK
2
1.00 (0.12-3.61)a
Berry et al. 2000
1,400 male asbestos factory workers in east London, UK (laggers)
0
0.0 (0.00-4.79)b
Levin et al. 1998
753 white male workers in asbestos pipe insulation factory in Tyler, TX
2
2.32 (0.28-8.39)
Asbestos Textile Workers
Peto et al. 1985
Asbestos textile factory workers in Rochdale, UK
283 women
0
0.0 (0.00-11.53)b
3,211 men
11
1.67 (0.83-2.99)b
< 10 years in scheduled areas
Time since first employment
< 20 years
2
1.11 (0.13-4.01)b
20+ years
6
1.92 (0.70-4.17)b
10+ years in scheduled areas
Time since first employment
< 20 years
0
0.0 (0.00-9.71)b
20+ years
3
2.36 (0.49-6.91)b
Asbestos Cement
Albin et al. 1990
Asbestos cement workers in southern Sweden (esophagus, stomach, duodenum—too broad for meta-analysis)
23
1.0 (0.5-2.0)
≥ 40 fiber-years/ml
na
1.7 (0.2-3.3)
Gardner et al. 1986
2,090 chrysotile asbestos cement products workers in England
1
0.29 (0.01-1.59)b
Hughes et al. 1987
5,492 male employees at two asbestos- cement manufacturing plants in New Orleans, LA (20 year lag)
12
0.93 (0.48-1.62)a
Duration of exposure (20 year lag)
≤ 1 year
7
0.88 (0.35-1.80)a
> 1 year - 5 years
3
1.25 (0.26-3.65)a
> 5 years - 15 years
0
0.0 (0.00-4.61)a
> 15 years
2
1.11 (0.13-4.01)a
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Asbestos: Selected Cancers
Reference*
Study Population
Exposed Cases
Estimated RR (95% CI)
Dement et al. 1994
3,022 asbestos textile plant workers in South Carolina
9
0.90 (0.47-1.56)
White males
3
0.77 (0.21-2.00)
White females
0
0.00 (0.00-1.55)b
Black males
6
1.60 (0.69-3.15)
Asbestos Cement
Raffn et al. 1989
7,996 male asbestos-cement industry workers in Denmark (incidence)
43
1.43 (1.03-1.93)
Duration of employment, 15 years latency
< 5 years
13
1.77 (0.94-3.02)
≥ 5 years
15
1.27 (0.70-2.07)
First employment 1928-40, 15 years latency
8
1.69 (0.73-3.33)
Botta et al. 1991
Asbestos-cement workers in Italy
2,608 men
17
0.81 (0.47-1.30)
759 women
4
1.36 (0.37-3.48)
Smailyte et al. 2004
Asbestos-cement producers in Lithuania (incidence)
602 women
4
1.2 (0.4-3.2)
1,285 men
14
0.9 (0.5-1.5)
Duration of employment (years)
< 1
1
0.4 (0.1-2.6)
1-4
8
1.4 (0.7-2.8)
5-9
2
0.8 (0.2-3.3)
≥ 10
3
0.6 (0.2-1.9)
25+ years since first exposure
4
0.6
Albin et al. 1990
Asbestos cement workers in southern Sweden (esophagus, stomach, duodenum—grouping too broad for inclusion in meta-analysis)
23
1.0 (0.5-2.0)
≥ 40 fiber-years/ml
na
1.7 (0.2-3.3)
Gardner et al. 1986
2,090 chrysotile asbestos cement products workers in England
15
1.09 (0.61-1.81)b
Hughes et al. 1987
5,492 male asbestos-cement manufacturing plant employees in New Orleans, LA (20 year lag)
22
1.13 (0.71-1.71)a
Duration of exposure (20 year lag)
≤ 1 year
14
1.20
> 1 year-5 years
5
1.35
> 5 years-15 years
2
1.54
> 15 years
1
0.37
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Asbestos: Selected Cancers
Reference*
Study Population
Exposed Cases
Estimated RR (95% CI)
Friction Materials
Kogan et al. 1993
2,834 friction product workers in Yaroslavl, Russia
14
0.58 (0.32-0.98)a
Males
3
0.45 (0.09-1.33)a
Females
11
0.70 (0.35-1.25)a
Generic “Asbestos Workers”
Zhu and Wang 1993
5,893 chrysotile factory workers in China
28
2.40 (1.60-3.47)a
Pang et al. 1997
Chrysotile asbestos plant workers in China
5
4.40 (1.43-10.27)b
160 men
5
7.87 (2.55-18.38)b
370 women
0
0.00 (0.00-7.37)b
Woitowitz et al. 1986
Asbestos-exposed workers in Germany (esophagus/stomach—too broad for meta)
3,070 workers with exposure after 1972
13
1.82 (0.97-3.12)a
665 workers with exposure complete by 1972
2
1.42 (0.17-5.13)a
Berry et al. 2000
Asbestos factory workers in east London, UK
3,000 men
21
1.24 (0.77-1.89)a
Low/mod < 2 years
4
0.89 (0.24-2.29)a
Low/mod > 2 years
3
0.82 (0.17-2.39)a
Severe < 2 years
9
1.82 (0.83-3.44)a
Severe > 2 years
5
1.30 (0.42-3.03)a
700 women
5
1.42 (0.46-3.32)a
Low/mod
1
1.50 (0.04-8.31)a
Severe < 2 years
1
0.51 (0.01-2.84)a
Severe > 2 years
3
3.41 (0.70-9.97)a
Acheson et al. 1982
1,327 women in gas-mask manufacture in Lancashire, UK
9
1.20 (0.55-2.28)a
Hodgson and Jones 1986
31,150 male asbestos workers in England and Wales, UK
27
1.00 (0.66-1.46)a
Cumulative exposure (years)
< 10
6
1.50 (0.55-3.27)a
10-20
10
1.16 (0.56-2.14)a
≥ 20
11
0.77 (0.38-1.38)a
Enterline et al. 1987
1,074 white male production and maintenance workers at US asbestos company
20
1.80 (1.10-2.78)a
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Asbestos: Selected Cancers
Reference*
Study Population
Exposed Cases
Estimated RR (95% CI)
Other Occupations with Substantial Asbestos Exposure
Finkelstein and Verma 2004
25,285 male pipe-trade workers in Ontario 20+ years since start of membership (latency)
21
0.67 (0.41-1.02)
Tola et al. 1988
7,775 male shipyard workers in Finland (incidence)
63
0.80 (0.61-1.02)
Battista et al. 1999
734 male railway carriage construction and repair workers in Italy
13
1.31 (0.77-2.08)c
Puntoni et al. 2001
3,984 male shipyard workers in Genoa, Italy
67
1.14 (0.89-1.45)
Sanden et al. 1987
3,787 male shipyard workers in Sweden (incidence)
3
0.88 (0.18-2.58)b
20 year latency
3
1.07 (0.22-3.13)b
Heavy exposure
1
0.77 (0.02-4.28)b
NOTE: CI = Confidence interval; na = not available; RR = relative risk. Figures are for mortality unless otherwise indicated. Data points included in meta-analyses are bolded.
* Full citations can be found in the reference list for Chapter 6.
a95% CIs calculated with standard methods from observed and expected numbers presented in original paper.
bSMR and 95% CIs calculated with standard methods from observed and expected numbers presented in original paper.
c90% CIs reported.
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Asbestos: Selected Cancers
TABLE D.5 Colorectala Cancer and Exposure to Asbestos—Cohort Studies
Reference*
Study Population
Exposed Cases
Estimated RR (95% CI)
Patients with Asbestos-Related Disease
Germani et al. 1999
631 women compensated for asbestosis in Italy (large and small intestine, plus rectum)
11
2.18 (1.09-3.90)
Colon and sigma
8
2.38 (1.03-3.90)
Textile industry (n = 276)
5
3.67 (1.20-8.60)
Asbestos cement industry (n = 278)
2
1.16 (0.14-4.21)
Rectum
1
0.62 (0.02-3.45)
Textile industry (n = 276)
0
0.0
Asbestos cement industry (n = 278)
0
0.0
Karjalainen et al. 1999
Asbestos-related disease patients in Finland (incidence)
Men—colorectal
23
1.1 (0.7-1.7)c
Colon
11
1.0 (0.5-1.9)c
1,287 with asbestosis
3
0.9 (0.2-2.5)
4,708 with benign pleural disease
8
1.1 (0.5-2.1)
Rectum
12
1.2 (0.6-2.2)c
1,287 with asbestosis
4
1.3 (0.3-3.2)
4,708 with benign pleural disease
8
1.2 (0.5-2.4)
Women—colon only
3
4.2(0.9-12.3)c
89 with asbestosis
2
4.6 (0.6-16.5)
179 with benign pleural disease
1
3.4 (0.1-1.91)
Szesznia- Dabrowska et al. 2002
Workers compensated for asbestosis in Poland
902 men—colorectal
3
0.66 (0.14-1.92)c
Colon
1
0.51 (0.01-2.84)b
Rectum, anus
2
0.77 (0.09-2.78)
489 women—colorectal
3
1.38(0.29-4.04)c
Colon
2
1.99 (0.24-7.19)
Rectum, anus
1
0.86 (0.02-4.79)b
Aliyu et al. 2005
3,897 male participants in the Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (colorectal)
85
2.0 (1.6-2.5)
1,847 with pleural abnormality: positive
51
1.40 (0.88-2.23)
24 with radiographic profusion: 3/2 to 3/+
1
1.38 (0.18-10.6)
156 with >40 years in high-risk trade
3
0.49 (0.12-2.00)
707 with >41 years since first exposure
29
1.20 (0.48-3.04)
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Asbestos: Selected Cancers
Reference*
Study Population
Exposed Cases
Estimated RR (95% CI)
Mining
Armstrong et al. 1988
6,505 male crocidolite miners and millers in Western Australia (mortality to 1980)
14
0.70 (0.41-1.18)
Reid et al. 2004
5,685 male crocidolite mining and milling workers in western Australia
Incidence (1979-2000)
88
1.05 (0.85-1.29)
Mortality
49
1.31 (0.99-1.74)
McDonald et al. 1993
5,335 chrysotile miners and millers in Quebec (1976-1988)
73
0.82 (0.65-1.04)b
Meurman et al. 1994
Anthophyllite asbestos miners in Finland with more than 3 months exposure (incidence)
736 men—colorectal
3
0.55 (0.11-1.60)
Moderate exposure
2
1.06 (0.13-3.82)
Heavy exposure
1
0.28 (0.01-1.56)
5+ years of exposed time (212 men)
2
1.27 (0.15-4.60)
Moderate exposure
1
3.85 (0.10-21.4)
Heavy exposure
1
0.76 (0.02-4.25)
167 women—colorectal
4
2.61 (0.71-6.69)c
Colon
3
3.45 (0.71-10.1)
Moderate exposure
1
3.14 (0.08-17.4)b
Heavy exposure
2
3.66 (0.44-13.2)
Rectum
1
1.52 (0.04-8.44)
Moderate exposure
0
0.00 (0.00-15.2)
Heavy exposure
1
2.39 (0.06-13.3)
Piolatto et al. 1990
1,058 male chrysotile miners in northern Italy (intestinal)
6
0.91 (0.33-1.98)b
Duration of exposure (years)
< 10
3
1.03 (0.21-3.02)b
10-20
0
0.00 (0.00-2.84)b
> 20
3
1.30 (0.27-3.81)b
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Asbestos: Selected Cancers
Reference*
Study Population
Exposed Cases
Estimated RR (95% CI)
Insulation Manufacture/Insulators (laggers)
Selikoff and Seidman 1991
17,800 male members of asbestos insulation unions in Canada and US in 1967
121
1.37 (1.14-1.64)b
Seidman et al. 1986
820 men producing amosite asbestos insulation in Paterson, NJ, US
22
1.85 (1.16-2.80)b
Selikoff et al. 1979
632 male insulation workers in New York and New Jersey, US before 1943
23
2.77 (1.76-4.16)c
Duration of exposure (years)
< 20
0
0.00 (0.00-18.45)c
20-35
7
3.68 (1.48-7.59)c
> 35
16
2.58 (1.48-4.19)c
Acheson et al. 1984
4,820 male insulation board factory workers in Uxbridge, UK
10
1.31 (0.63-2.42)b
Colon
6
1.37 (0.50-2.98)b
Rectum
4
1.24 (0.34-3.17)b
Berry et al. 2000
1,400 male asbestos factory workers in east London, UK (laggers)
8
2.86 (1.23-5.63)b
Colon
7
4.32 (1.73-8.90)b
Rectum
1
0.85 (0.02-4.72)b
Levin et al. 1998
753 white male workers in asbestos pipe insulation factory in Tyler, TX
6
1.67 (0.61-3.63)b
Colon
6
2.07 (0.76-4.51)
Rectum
0
0.0 (0.00-5.27)b
Asbestos Textile Workers
Pira et al. 2005
1,966 textile employees in Italy
16
1.45 (0.83-2.35)
Duration of employment (years)
< 1
7
2.23 (0.89-4.59)b
1 to < 5
1
0.35 (0.01-1.95)b
5 to < 10
3
1.46 (0.30-4.28)b
10+
5
1.67 (0.54-3.89)b
Time since first employment (years)
< 15
2
0.86 (0.10-3.10)b
15 to < 25
2
0.55 (0.07-1.98)b
25 to < 35
7
2.24 (0.89-4.58)b
35+
5
2.64 (0.32-9.54)b
OCR for page 292
Asbestos: Selected Cancers
Reference*
Study Population
Exposed Cases
Estimated RR (95% CI)
Time since last exposure (years)
During to < 3
0
0.00 (0.0-2.69)b
3 to < 15
5
1.34 (0.43-3.13)b
15 to < 25
6
1.83 (0.67-3.98)b
25 to < 35
3
1.52 (0.31-4.45)b
35+
2
2.91 (0.35-10.51)b
Age at first exposure (years)
< 25
3
1.63 (0.34-4.77)b
25 to < 35
2
0.75 (0.09-2.71)b
35+
11
1.68 (0.84-3.01)b
Sex
889 men
10
1.39 (0.67-2.56)b
1,077 women
6
1.56 (0.57-3.40)b
Peto et al. 1985
Asbestos textile factory workers in Rochdale, UK
283 women
4
1.98 (0.54-5.07)b
3,211 men
20
0.75 (0.46-1.16)c
< 10 years in scheduled areas
< 20 years since first employment
5
0.60 (0.19-1.40)c
20+ years since first employment
8
0.68 (0.29-1.33)c
10+ years in scheduled areas
< 20 years since first employment
2
1.18 (0.14-4.25)c
20+ years since first employment
5
1.03 (0.33-2.40)c
Asbestos Cement
Raffn et al. 1996
7,887 male asbestos-cement industry workers in Denmark (incidence)
102
1.22 (0.99-1.48)
Years since first employment
0-14
23
1.02 (0.65-1.53)
> 15
79
1.29 (1.02-1.61)
first employed 1928-1950
39
1.47 (1.05-2.01)
Botta et al. 1991
Asbestos-cement workers in Italy
2,608 men
11
0.65 (0.33-1.17)
759 women
7
1.80 (0.72-3.70)
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Asbestos: Selected Cancers
Reference*
Study Population
Exposed Cases
Estimated RR (95% CI)
Smailyte et al. 2004a
Asbestos-cement producers in Lithuania (incidence)
602 women
3
0.8 (0.1-1.8)
1,285 men
17
1.6 (1.0-2.6)
Duration of employment (years)
< 1
4
2.2 (0.8-5.7)
1-4
2
0.5 (0.2-2.1)
5-9
3
1.8 (0.6-5.6)
≥ 10
8
2.4 (1.2-4.7)
25+ years since first exposure
7
1.6 (0.6-3.3) b
Albin et al. 1990
1,465 male asbestos-cement workers in southern Sweden (mortality 1927-1986)
26
1.5 (0.7-3.0)
≥ 40 fiber-years/ml
na
3.4 (1.2-9.5)
Jakobsson et al. 1994
981 male industrial workers in Sweden (asbestos cement) (incidence 1958-1989)
26
1.47 (0.96-2.15)b
Right colon
12
2.38 (1.23-4.16)
Left colon
1
0.22 (0.00-1.18)
Rectum
13
1.65 (0.88-2.83)
Gardner et al. 1986
2,090 chrysotile asbestos cement products workers in England
11
0.71 (0.36-1.28)c
Colon
6
0.65 (0.24-1.42)c
Rectum
5
0.81 (0.26-1.88)c
Hughes et al. 1987
5,492 male asbestos-cement manufacturing plant employees in New Orleans, LA
Plants combined (20 year lag)
21
0.90 (0.56-1.38)b
Plant 1
10
1.20 (0.58-2.21)b
Plant 2
11
0.73 (0.36-1.31)b
Duration of exposure (20 year lag)
≤ 1 year
11
0.79 (0.39-1.41)b
> 1 year - 5 years
5
1.11 (0.36-2.59)b
> 5 years - 15 years
1
0.67 (0.02-3.74)b
> 15 years
4
1.21 (0.33-3.09)b
Generic “Asbestos Workers”
Woitowitz et al. 1986
Asbestos-exposed workers in Germany
3,070 workers with exposure after 1972
5
0.79 (0.26-1.84)b
665 workers with exposure complete by 1972
3
2.15 (0.44-6.29)b
OCR for page 294
Asbestos: Selected Cancers
Reference*
Study Population
Exposed Cases
Estimated RR (95% CI)
Berry et al. 2000
Asbestos factory workers in east London, UK
3,000 men
22
1.36 (0.85-2.06)c
Colon
Low/mod < 2 years
3
1.21 (0.25-3.54)c
Low/mod > 2 years
3
1.49 (0.31-4.36)c
Severe < 2 years
3
1.11 (0.23-3.25)c
Severe > 2 years
8
4.06 (1.75-8.00)c
Rectum
Low/mod < 2 years
2
1.06 (0.13-3.82)c
Low/mod > 2 years
0
0.00 (0.00-2.38)c
Severe < 2 years
3
1.46 (0.30-4.28)c
Severe > 2 years
0
0.00 (0.00-2.41)c
700 women
7
1.19 (0.48-2.44)c
Colon
Low/mod
0
0.00 (0.00-5.13)c
Severe < 2 years
2
0.87 (0.11-3.15)c
Severe > 2 years
1
1.00 (0.03-5.57)c
Rectum
Low/mod
0
0.00 (0.00-10.85)c
Severe < 2 years
4
3.70 (1.01-9.48)c
Severe > 2 years
0
0.00 (0.00-7.85)c
Hodgson and Jones 1986
31,150 male asbestos workers in England and Wales, UK
16
0.54 (0.31-0.88)c
Colon—cumulative exposure (years)
6
0.36 (0.13-0.78)b
< 10
1
0.40 (0.01-2.23)b
10-20
2
0.36 (0.04-1.31)b
≥ 20
3
0.54 (0.11-1.57)c
Rectum—cumulative exposure (years)
10
0.77 (0.37-1.43)b
< 10
1
0.52 (0.01-2.93)b
10-20
2
0.47 (0.06-1.72)b
≥ 20
7
1.03 (0.41-2.12)b
Enterline et al. 1987
1,074 white male production and maintenance workers at US asbestos company
23
1.15 (0.73-1.73)b
Colon
14
0.98 (0.54-1.65)b
Rectum
9
1.59 (0.73-3.02)b
OCR for page 295
Asbestos: Selected Cancers
Reference*
Study Population
Exposed Cases
Estimated RR (95% CI)
Other Occupations with Substantial Asbestos Exposure
Finkelstein and Verma 2004
25,285 male pipe-trade workers in Ontario 20+ years since start of membership (latency)
96
1.16 (0.94-1.42)
Tola et al. 1988
7,775 male shipyard workers in Finland (incidence)
35
0.79 (0.55-1.10)
Battista et al. 1999
734 male railway carriage construction and repair workers in Italy
6
0.93 (0.41-1.84)d
Puntoni et al. 2001
3,984 male shipyard workers in Genoa, Italy
59
1.00 (0.76-1.29)
Sanden et al. 1987
3,787 male shipyard workers in Sweden (incidence)
3
0.38 (0.08-1.1)
Rectum
3
0.45 (0.09-1.33)c
Heavy or very heavy exposure
2
0.65 (0.08-2.33)c
Colon
0
0.00 (0.00-3.00)c
NOTE: CI = Confidence interval; na = not available; RR = relative risk. Figures are for mortality unless otherwise indicated. Data points included in meta-analyses are bolded.
* Full citations can be found in the reference list for Chapter 6.
aStatistics from original paper presented here; when RRs were calculated for colon and rectum separately, combined RRs for colorectal cancer were derived for use in meta-analysis.
b95% CIs calculated with standard methods from observed and expected numbers presented in original paper.
cSMR and 95% CIs calculated with standard methods from observed and expected numbers presented in original paper.
d90% CIs reported.
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Asbestos: Selected Cancers
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Representative terms from entire chapter:
asbestos selected
