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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Strategies for Preservation of and Open Access to Scientific Data in China: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11710.
×

Strategies for Preservation of and Open Access to SCIENTIFIC DATA IN CHINA

Summary of a Workshop

Paul F. Uhlir and Julie M. Esanu, Rapporteurs

U.S. National Committee for CODATA

Board on International Scientific Organizations

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS

Washington, DC
www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Strategies for Preservation of and Open Access to Scientific Data in China: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11710.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS

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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

Support for this project was provided by the National Institutes of Health (under Grant No. 467-MZ-400266), the National Science Foundation (under Grant No. GEO-0407487), and the Open Society Institute (under Grant No. 40006515). Additional support was provided by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese National Natural Science Foundation, the Committee on Data for Science and Technology, the International Council for Science, and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.

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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Strategies for Preservation of and Open Access to Scientific Data in China: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11710.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine



The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.


The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.


The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.


The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.

www.national-academies.org

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Strategies for Preservation of and Open Access to Scientific Data in China: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11710.
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STEERING COMMITTEE ON STRATEGIES FOR PRESERVATION OF AND OPEN ACCESS TO SCIENTIFIC DATA IN CHINA*

WILLIAM ANDERSON (Co-Chair),

Praxis101

XIAN’EN ZHANG (Co-Chair),

Ministry of Science and Technology of China

PETER ARZBERGER,

University of California, San Diego

ROBERT CHEN,

Center for International Earth Science Information Network

HUADONG GUO,

Department of International Cooperation, Chinese Academy of Sciences

HEATHER JOSEPH,

BioOne

CHUANG LIU,

Global Change Information and Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences

BAOPING YAN,

Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Principal Project Staff

PAUL UHLIR, Project Director

JULIE ESANU, Program Officer

VALERIE THEBERGE, Communications Associate

AMY FRANKLIN, Program Associate

Representatives of Chinese Program Committee

JUN CHEN,

China Association for Geographical Information Systems

JIANGUO HAN,

National Natural Science Foundation of China

DINGCHENG HUANG,

Institute of Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

ZONGQI SHEN,

Ministry of Science and Technology of China

MIANZHEN TENG,

Ministry of Science and Technology of China

JINNING ZHU,

Chinese Association for Science and Technology

*

Chinese names are presented here, and throughout the rest of this report, in the Western approach to personal names, with given name first and family name second.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Strategies for Preservation of and Open Access to Scientific Data in China: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11710.
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U.S. NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR CODATA

ROBERTA BALSTAD (Chair),

Center for International Earth Science Information Network

WILLIAM ANDERSON,

Praxis101

PETER ARZBERGER,

University of California, San Diego

KATE BEARD,

University of Maine

HELEN BERMAN,

Rutgers University

CHRISTINE BORGMAN,

University of California, Los Angeles

BONNIE CARROLL,

Information International Associates

JANET GOMON,

Smithsonian Institute*

SARA GRAVES,

University of Alabama, Huntsville

MYRON GUTMANN,

Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research

JAN HOPMANS,

University of California, Davis*

MAUREEN C. KELLY, Consultant*

GARY KING,

Harvard University*

REYNALDO MORALES,

Los Alamos National Laboratory, retired

KRISHNA RAJAN,

Iowa State University

JAMES SWEENEY, Consultant*

ALEXANDER SZALAY,

The Johns Hopkins University

Staff

Paul Uhlir, Director

Julie Esanu, Program Officer (until May 2005)

Amy Franklin, Program Associate

*

Member until June 30, 2004.

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Preface

The U.S. National Committee for CODATA in collaboration with the Chinese National Committee for CODATA and the CODATA Task Group on Preservation of and Access to Scientific and Technical Data in Developing Countries, and together with the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, jointly organized an international workshop on “Strategies for Preservation of and Open Access to Scientific Data.” Local logistical support and meeting planning was provided by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Association for Science and Technology. The International Council for Scientific and Technical Information provided additional substantive expertise.

The workshop, which was held June 22-24, 2004, in Beijing, China, served as an international and interdisciplinary forum to promote a deeper understanding of, and requirements for, long-term preservation and open access to digital scientific information resources. The meeting was organized into seven sessions, each led by two co-chairs and including several invited presentations. The first two sessions introduced the workshop participants to the Chinese strategies and initiatives for implementing scientific data sharing. The following sessions explored the policy and legal, institutional and economic, management and technical, and local and regional issues in preserving and providing open access to data in the life sciences and public health; data in the earth and environmental sciences; and scientific information, journals, and digital libraries. This publication presents a summary of the workshop.

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The statements made in this summary are those of the individual rapporteurs based on presentations made at the workshop and do not necessarily represent the views of the steering committee, the U.S. or Chinese National Committees for CODATA, or the sponsoring organizations in China or the United States. This volume does not contain summaries of all of the presentations.

Paul F. Uhlir

Director, U.S. National Committee for CODATA

Julie M. Esanu

Program Officer, U.S. National Committee for CODATA (until May 2005)

William L. Anderson

Praxis101

Planning Committee Co-Chair

Chuang Liu

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Planning Committee Co-Chair

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Strategies for Preservation of and Open Access to Scientific Data in China: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11710.
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Acknowledgments

The U.S. National Committee for CODATA and the Board on International Scientific Organizations of the National Research Council of the National Academies wish to express their sincere thanks to the many individuals who played significant roles in planning the International Workshop on Strategies for Preservation of and Open Access to Scientific Data. The Workshop Steering Committee was chaired by Xian’en Zhang, Ministry of Science and Technology, China, and William Anderson, Praxis101, United States. Additional members of the Steering Committee were Peter Arzberger, University of California at San Diego, United States; Jun Chen, China Association for Geographical Information Systems; Robert Chen, Columbia University, United States; Huadong Guo, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Jianguo Han, National Natural Science Foundation, China; Dingcheng Huang, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Heather Joseph, BioOne, United States; Chuang Liu, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Zongqi Shen, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Mianzhen Teng, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Baoping Yan, Chinese Academy of Sciences; and Jinning Zhu, Chinese Association for Science and Technology.

We also would like to thank the following individuals (in order of appearance) who made presentations during the workshop (see Appendix A for symposium agenda): Jinpei Cheng, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Roberta Balstad, Columbia University, United States; William Anderson; Zhihong Xu; Xian’en Zhang; QIN Dahe, China Meteorological Administration; Depei Liu, Chinese Academy of Medicine, Chinese Acad-

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Strategies for Preservation of and Open Access to Scientific Data in China: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11710.
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emy of Engineering; Qiheng Hu, Chinese Association of Science and Technology; Yasuyiki Aoshima, UNESCO; Peter Schröder, Ministry of Education, Culture, and Science, The Netherlands; Carthage Smith, International Council for Science; Michael Clegg, U.S. National Academy of Sciences; Peter Weiss, U.S. National Weather Service; Raymond McCord, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States; Menas Kafatos, George Mason University, United States; Qinmin Wang, Fujian Province, China; Jun Chen, Basic Geographical Information Center, China; Jerome Reichman, Duke University Law School, United States; Paul Uhlir, U.S. National Academies; Panqin Chen, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Tieqing Huang, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lan Zeng, National Macro Economic Research Institute, China; Jun Li, National Macro Economic Research Institute, China; John Willinsky, University of British Columbia, Canada; Chuang Liu, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Belinda Seto, National Institutes of Health, United States; Yun Xiao, Chinese National Committee for CODATA; Shunbao Liao, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Theodore Carl Bergstrom, University of California at Santa Barbara, United States; Yixue Li, Shanghai Biomedical Center, China; Anne Linn, U.S. National Academies; Chengquan Sun, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Zukang Feng, Protein Data Bank, United States; Helen Doyle, Public Library of Science, United States; Shuichi Iwata, University of Tokyo, Japan; Honglie Sun, CODATA; Ling Yin, Chinese PLA General Hospital; Yiyuan Tang, Dalian Polytech University, China; Baoyan Liu, Chinese Academy of Medicine; Donglie Qin, The Capital Hospital University, China; James Edwards, Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Denmark; Xiaofeng Fu, Administrative Center for China’s Agenda 21; Khudulmar Sodov, National Remote Sensing Center, Mongolia; Dingsheng Liu, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Jiansheng Qu, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Zhengxing Wang, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Paul Richards, Columbia University, United States; Raymond Willemann, GEM Technologies, United States; Dake Yang, China Earthquake Administration; Xiaolin Zhang, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lulama Makhubela, National Development Agency, South Africa; Liansheng Meng, Chinese Academy of Sciences; and Pippa Smart, International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications, United Kingdom.

This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Academies’ Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Strategies for Preservation of and Open Access to Scientific Data in China: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11710.
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sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for quality and objectivity. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.

We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report: Heather Joseph, SPARC; Goetz Oertel, Consultant; John Rumble, Consultant; and Wang Zhengxing, Global Change Information and Research Center.

Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the report, nor did they see the final draft before its release. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authors and the institution.

The U.S. National Committee for CODATA would like to recognize the contributions of National Research Council staff and consultants. Paul Uhlir, Director of International Scientific and Technical Information Programs, was project director of the symposium and served as the primary editor of this report. Julie Esanu helped to organize the symposium and edit the report. Valerie Theberge organized and coordinated the logistical arrangements, and Amy Franklin assisted with the production of the manuscript.

In addition, the committee would like to thank the other individuals who contributed to the success of the workshop: Wenneng Zhou, secretary-general of the local organizing committee, and Kathleen Cass, executive director of CODATA.

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Contents

1

 

Introduction

 

1

2

 

Presentations on China’s Scientific Data Sharing Policy and Project

 

6

   

 The Development of China’s Scientific Data Sharing Policy,
Jinpei Cheng, Vice Minister, Ministry of Science and Technology of China

 

6

   

 Introduction to the China Scientific Data Sharing Project,
Xian’en Zhang, Director General of the Division of Basic Research, Ministry of Science and Technology of China

 

12

3

 

Summaries of Presentations on International Perspectives

 

21

   

 Trends in Development of International Scientific Data and Information,
Yasuyuki Aoshima, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

 

21

   

 Towards International Guidelines for Access to Research Data from Public Funding,
Peter Schröder, Ministry of Education, Culture, and Science, The Netherlands

 

25

   

 International Perspectives on Data and Information for Science,
Carthage Smith, International Council for Science, France

 

26

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Strategies for Preservation of and Open Access to Scientific Data in China: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11710.
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 Inter-Academy Panel Initiatives on Promoting Access to Scientific Information,
Michael Clegg, Inter-Academy Panel and the U.S. National Academy of Sciences

 

29

   

 Future Role of the Committee on Data for Science and Technology,
Shuichi Iwata, University of Tokyo, Japan, and President, CODATA

 

31

   

 China’s National Committee for CODATA,
Zhihong Xu, Chinese National Committee for CODATA, China

 

33

   

 U.S. National Committee for CODATA,
Paul F. Uhlir, U.S. National Academies

 

34

4

 

Summaries of Presentations on Cross-Disciplinary Issues

 

35

   

 Panel Discussion on Legal and Policy Issues,

 

35

   

 Introduction,
Paul F. Uhlir and Julie M. Esanu, U.S. National Academies

 

35

   

 Global Trends to Restrict Access to Data from Government-Funded Research,
Jerome Reichman, Duke University School of Law, United States

 

37

   

 A Contractually Reconstructed Research Commons for Scientific Data in a Highly Protectionist Intellectual Property Environment,
Jerome Reichman, Duke University School of Law, United States

 

38

   

 Balancing the General Public Interests and Copyright in Scientific Information Management,
John Willinsky, University of British Columbia, Canada

 

39

   

 Borders in Cyberspace: Maximizing Social and Economic Benefit from Public Investment in Data,
Peter Weiss, U.S. National Weather Service

 

40

   

 Policy Considerations on Government Information Sharing in China,
Jun Li, National Macro Economic Research Institute, China

 

42

   

 Comparative Aspects of Policies for Open Access to Scientific Data in the United States, European Union, and China,
Chuang Liu, Global Change Information and Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences

 

43

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Strategies for Preservation of and Open Access to Scientific Data in China: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11710.
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 Data Sharing in Scientific Databases of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Yun Xiao, Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences

 

44

   

 The Data Sharing Policy of the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network,
Panqin Chen and Tieqing Huang, Bureau of Science and Technology for Resources and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences

 

45

   

 Data Sharing Policy of the National Institutes of Health,
Belinda Seto, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, United States

 

45

   

 Panel Discussion on Economic and Institutional Issues,

 

47

   

 Introduction,
Paul F. Uhlir and Julie M. Esanu, U.S. National Academies

 

47

   

 The Peculiar Economics of Scientific Information,
Theodore Carl Bergstrom, University of California, Santa Barbara, United States

 

47

   

 Launching an Open-Access Journal,
Helen Doyle, Public Library of Science, United States

 

49

   

 Involving the Private Sector in the Environmental Enterprise,
Anne Linn, U.S. National Academies

 

50

   

 Panel Discussion on Management and Technical Issues,

 

52

   

 Introduction,
Paul F. Uhlir and Julie M. Esanu, U.S. National Academies

 

52

   

 Operating a Twenty-First-Century Data Center,
Roberta Balstad, Center for International Earth Science Information Network, United States

 

52

   

 Managing the Effects of Programmatic Scale and Enhancing Incentives for Data Archiving,
Raymond McCord, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States

 

53

   

 Managing the Effects of Change on Archiving Research Data,
Raymond McCord, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States

 

54

   

 Special Considerations for Archiving Data from Field Observations,
Raymond McCord, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States

 

56

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Strategies for Preservation of and Open Access to Scientific Data in China: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11710.
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 Toward a Balanced Performance Appraisal System in the Digital Era for Data Archiving and Sharing in China,
Zhengxing Wang, Global Change Information and Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences

 

58

   

 Earth Science Data and Information Management in Western China,
Chengquan Sun, Scientific Information Center for Resources and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences

 

59

   

 Data Integration and Management: The Protein Data Bank Perspective,
Zukang Feng, Protein Data Bank, United States

 

60

5

 

Summaries of Presentations on Thematic Issues

 

62

   

 Examples of Life Sciences and Public Health Data Activities,

 

62

   

 The Chinese Management and Sharing System of Scientific Data for Medicine,
Depei Liu, Chinese Academy of Medicine and Chinese Academy of Engineering

 

62

   

 International Medical Scientific Data Sharing,
Ling Yin, People’s Liberation Army General Hospital and Graduate Medical School, China

 

64

   

 China’s Contributions to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s Neuroinformatics Data Sharing Initiative,
Yiyuan Tang, Institute of Neuroinformatics, Dalian University of Technology; Ling Yin, Neuroinformatics Center, PLA General Hospital and Graduate Medical School; and Xiaowei Tang, Neuroinformatics Center, Zhejiang University, China

 

65

   

 Long-Term Studies of Human Anatomy Using the Digital Human and Scientific Data Sharing,
Donglie Qin, BME College, Capital University of Medical Sciences, China

 

67

   

 The Protein Data Bank: A Key Biological Resource,
Zukang Feng, Protein Data Bank, United States

 

68

   

 The Safeguarding and Sharing of Traditional Chinese Medicine Database Resources,
Baoyan Liu and Meng Cui, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine

 

69

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 Open Access to Scientific Data on Biological Diversity: An Urgent Need for China,
James Edwards, Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Denmark

 

70

   

 The NIH Roadmap for Medical Research,Belinda Seto, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, United States

 

72

   

 Examples of Earth Sciences, Environmental, and Natural Resources Data Activities,

 

73

   

 Progress in Meteorological Data Sharing in China,
Dahe Qin, China Meteorological Administration

 

73

   

 The World Data Center for Renewable Resources and Environment,
Shunbao Liao, Geosciences and Natural Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences

 

75

   

 Information System for Earth Science Data of China,
Jiansheng Qu, Scientific Information Center for Resources and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences

 

76

   

 Present Status and Future Development Strategy of China’s Sustainable Development Information Network,
Xiaofeng Fu, Administrative Centre for China’s Agenda 21, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; and Xintong Li, State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Chinese Academy of Sciences

 

76

   

 Progress Toward a National Spatial Data Infrastructure in China,
Jun Chen, National Geomatics Center, China

 

77

   

 Uses of Seismic Data and the Importance of Open Access to Major Data Centers in Seismology,
Paul Richards, Columbia University, United States

 

78

   

 Existing Infrastructure for International Exchange of Seismic Data,
Raymond J. Willemann, GEM Technologies, United States

 

80

   

 Digital Fujian,
Qinmin Wang, Department of Science and Technology, Fujian Province, China

 

81

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 Local and Regional Earth System Science Applications and Associated Infrastructure: The Mid-Atlantic Geospatial Information Consortium,
Menas Kafatos, George Mason University, United States

 

82

   

 Thematic Issues in Scientific Information, Journals, and Digital Libraries,

 

84

   

 Policies and Mechanisms for Literature Resource Sharing— The Practice of the Chinese National Scientific and Technical Library,
Qiheng Hu, Chinese Association for Science and Technology

 

84

   

 Perspectives on the Future of the Library and on the Economics of Open Access,
John Willinsky, University of British Columbia, Canada

 

87

   

 An Open-Access Future,
Helen Doyle, Public Library of Science, United States

 

88

   

 Other Opportunities in the Changing Information Environment,
Pippa Smart, International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications, United Kingdom

 

90

   

 Scientific Information and Digital Libraries: Can Developing Countries Become Key Players in the Information Society?,
Lulama Makhubela, National Development Agency, South Africa

 

91

 

 

Appendixes

 

 

   

 A  Workshop Program

 

97

   

 B  Biographical Summaries of Workshop Speakers and Steering Committee Members

 

111

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Strategies for Preservation of and Open Access to Scientific Data in China: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11710.
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This study is dedicated in fond memory of

Peter Weiss,

National Weather Service

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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Strategies for Preservation of and Open Access to Scientific Data in China: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11710.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Strategies for Preservation of and Open Access to Scientific Data in China: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11710.
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Page xvii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Strategies for Preservation of and Open Access to Scientific Data in China: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11710.
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Page xviii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Strategies for Preservation of and Open Access to Scientific Data in China: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11710.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Strategies for Preservation of and Open Access to Scientific Data in China: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11710.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Strategies for Preservation of and Open Access to Scientific Data in China: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11710.
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