|
Items in cart [0] |
Questions? Call 888-624-8373 |
| Copyright © 2009. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Terms of Use and Privacy Statement |
Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.
OCR for page R1
Review of the Space Communications Program of Nasas Space Operations Mission Directorate
REVIEW OF THE Space Communications Program OF NASA’S SPACE OPERATIONS MISSION DIRECTORATE
Committee to Review NASA’s Space Communications Program
Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board
Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu
OCR for page R2
Review of the Space Communications Program of Nasas Space Operations Mission Directorate
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by Contract No. NNH05CC15C between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-10297-1
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-10297-9
Available in limited supply from the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20001; (202) 334-2858.
Additional copies of this report are available from
The National Academies Press,
500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, www.nap.edu.
Copyright 2007 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
OCR for page R3
Review of the Space Communications Program of Nasas Space Operations Mission Directorate
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
www.national-academies.org
OCR for page R4
Review of the Space Communications Program of Nasas Space Operations Mission Directorate
COMMITTEE TO REVIEW NASA’S SPACE COMMUNICATIONS PROGRAM
ROBERT E. DEEMER, Chair,
Regis University School of Professional Studies, Denver, Colorado
HARVEY BERGER,
Northrop Grumman Space Technology, Redondo Beach, California
THOMAS C. BETTERTON,
United States Navy (retired), Warrenton, Virginia
ANTONIO L. ELIAS (NAE),
Orbital Sciences Corporation, Dulles, Virginia
CHARLES T. FORCE,
NASA (retired), Loogootee, Indiana
KEITH JARETT,
Boeing Space and Intelligence Systems, Lafayette, California
MARJORY JOHNSON,
RIACS/NASA (retired), Ashland, Missouri
YOGI Y. KRIKORIAN,
The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, California
THOMAS MAULTSBY,
Rubicon, LLC, Burke, Virginia
TODD J. MOSHER,
Microsat Systems, Incorporated, Littleton, Colorado
PATRICK A. STADTER,
Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland
PAUL G. STEFFES,
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta
MICHAEL W. TOMPKINS,
KDM Systems, Centreville, Virginia
WILBUR TRAFTON,
Will Trafton & Associates, Coronado, California
BARRY M. ZILIN,
Practical Innovations International, Woodbridge, Virginia
Staff
SANDRA GRAHAM, Study Director (from December 2005)
ALAN ANGLEMAN, Study Director (through November 2005)
HEIDI MURRAY, Senior Program Assistant
ANNA FARRAR, Financial Associate
GEORGE LEVIN, Director,
Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board
OCR for page R5
Review of the Space Communications Program of Nasas Space Operations Mission Directorate
AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ENGINEERING BOARD
RAYMOND S. COLLADAY, Chair,
Lockheed Martin Astronautics (retired), Golden, Colorado
WILLIAM L. BALLHAUS,
BAE Systems National Security Solutions, Reston, Virginia
CHARLES F. BOLDEN, JR.,
Jack and Panther, LLC, Houston, Texas
EDWARD M. BOLEN,
National Aviation Association, Washington, D.C.
ANTHONY J. BRODERICK,
Aviation Safety Consultant, Catlett, Virginia
JOHN-PAUL CLARKE,
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta
PHILIP M. CONDIT (NAE),
The Boeing Company, Redmond, Washington
ROBERT L. CRIPPEN,
Thiokol Propulsion (retired), Palm Beach Gardens, Florida
RICHARD M. GOODY (NAS),
Harvard University (emeritus), Falmouth, Massachusetts
PRESTON HENNE (NAE),
Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation, Savannah, Georgia
WILLIAM W. HOOVER,
U.S. Air Force (retired), Williamsburg, Virginia
SYDNEY MICHAEL HUDSON,
Rolls-Royce North America (retired), Indianapolis, Indiana
JOHN M. KLINEBERG,
Space Systems/Loral (retired), Redwood City, California
ILAN KROO (NAE),
Stanford University, Stanford, California
MOLLY K. MACAULEY,
Resources for the Future, Washington, D.C.
FORREST S. McCARTNEY,
Lockheed Martin Astronautics (retired), Indian Harbour Beach, Florida
ELON MUSK,
Space Exploration Development Corporation–SpaceX, El Segundo, California
AMY PRITCHETT,
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta
ROBERT R. RANKINE, JR.,
Hughes Space and Communications Company (retired), Clearwater, Florida
DEBRA L. RUB-ZENKO,
The Boeing Company, Anaheim, California
CYNTHIA SAMUELSON,
Logistics Management Institute, McLean, Virginia
PETER STAUDHAMMER (NAE),
University of Southern California, La Quinta
HANSEL E. TOOKES II,
Raytheon International, Inc. (retired), Palm Beach Gardens, Florida
RAY VALEIKA,
Delta Airlines, Inc. (retired), Powder Springs, Georgia
ROBERT S. WALKER,
Wexler & Walker Public Policy Associates, Washington, D.C.
ROBERT E. WHITEHEAD,
National Institute of Aerospace, Henrico, North Carolina
THOMAS L. WILLIAMS,
Northrop Grumman, El Segundo, California
Staff
GEORGE LEVIN, Director
OCR for page R6
Review of the Space Communications Program of Nasas Space Operations Mission Directorate
This page intentionally left blank.
OCR for page R7
Review of the Space Communications Program of Nasas Space Operations Mission Directorate
Acknowledgment of Reviewers
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the Report Review Committee of the National Research Council (NRC). The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report:
Sandy Bates, Topside Consulting, LLC,
Don Hard, Hard Enterprise,
Julie Miller, Lockheed Martin, and
Eytan Modiano, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Joseph Rothenberg, Universal Space Network.
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Donald L. Cromer, United States Air Force (retired). Appointed by the NRC, he was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.
OCR for page R8
Review of the Space Communications Program of Nasas Space Operations Mission Directorate
This page intentionally left blank.
OCR for page R9
Review of the Space Communications Program of Nasas Space Operations Mission Directorate
Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1
1
INTRODUCTION
7
Background and General Overview,
7
Elements of SOMD’s Space Communications Program,
7
Operational Networks,
8
Other Program Elements,
8
Study Approach and Organization,
9
Approach to the Assessment,
10
Organization of This Report,
11
Notes,
11
Assessment of Operational Networks
2
SPACE NETWORK PROGRAM ELEMENT ASSESSMENT
15
Introduction,
15
Assessment,
16
Formulation of the Project Plan,
16
Project Objectives,
16
Project Deliverables,
16
Expected Services,
17
Long-Term Project Goals and Objectives,
19
Connections to the Broader Community,
20
Department of Defense,
20
National Science Foundation,
20
Utilization of Commercial Space Systems,
21
Methodology,
21
Project Plan Completeness,
21
Risk Management,
21
Overall Capabilities,
22
Quality of Work Performed,
22
Adequacy of Resources,
22
Notes,
22
OCR for page R10
Review of the Space Communications Program of Nasas Space Operations Mission Directorate
3
NASA INTEGRATED SERVICES NETWORK
23
Introduction,
23
NISN Goals,
23
NISN Services,
23
NISN Customers,
24
Assessment,
24
Formulation of the Project Plan,
24
Project Objectives,
24
Project Deliverables,
24
Performance Metrics,
25
Review Mechanisms,
25
Connections to the Broader Community,
25
Methodology,
26
Overall Capabilities,
26
Notes,
28
Assessment of Other Program Elements
4
SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT
31
Introduction,
31
Spectrum Management Organization,
31
Headquarters Spectrum Management Forum,
32
NASA Spectrum Management Group,
32
Field Centers,
32
Budget,
33
Assessment,
33
Formulation of the Program Plan,
33
Connection to the Broader Community,
33
Methodology,
34
Overall Capabilities,
35
Notes,
36
5
DATA STANDARDS MANAGEMENT
38
Introduction,
38
Assessment,
39
Formulation of the Program Plan,
39
Connections to the Broader Community,
39
Methodology,
40
Resources and Funding,
40
Overall Capabilities,
44
Notes,
44
6
SEARCH AND RESCUE
45
Introduction,
45
Assessment,
46
Progress Toward Achieving Program Plan,
46
Methodology,
47
Overall Capabilities,
48
Summary and Conclusions,
48
Notes,
48
7
COMMUNICATIONS AND NAVIGATION ARCHITECTURE
51
Introduction,
51
Assessment,
51
Formulation of the Program Plan,
51
Project Objectives,
51
OCR for page R11
Review of the Space Communications Program of Nasas Space Operations Mission Directorate
Project Deliverables,
52
Expected Services,
53
Long-Term Project Goals and Objectives,
55
Connections to the Broader Community,
55
Department of Defense,
55
Other Space Agencies,
55
Notes,
55
8
TECHNOLOGY
56
Introduction,
56
Assessment,
56
Formulation of the Program Plan,
58
Connections to the Broader Community,
60
Methodology,
60
Concluding Comments,
61
Notes,
61
9
OPERATIONS INTEGRATION PROGRAM ELEMENT
62
Introduction,
62
Formulation of the Program Plan,
62
Contractor Oversight Activities,
62
Coordinator and Planning Activities,
63
Requirements Management Activities,
63
Readiness Assurance Activities,
63
Development Activities,
64
Related Assessment,
65
Connections to the Broader Community,
66
Methodology,
66
Overall Capabilities,
66
Findings,
66
Reliance on Individuals’ Skills and Expertise,
66
Complex Reporting Structure,
66
Outstanding Level of Customer Satisfaction Achieved,
67
Notes,
67
General Issues
10
OVERARCHING ISSUES AND RECOMMENDATIONS
71
Limits of Review,
71
Centralized Space Communications Management Within NASA Headquarters,
71
Centralized Space Communications Contracting,
72
TDRSS Replenishment and Long-Term Communications Requirements,
72
Requirements Validation Process,
72
NASA Workforce,
73
Program Plan,
73
APPENDIXES1
A
Statement of Task
77
B
Committee Member Biographies
79
C
Acronyms
84
1
An appendix that appeared in the prepublication version of this report is not included here but is available in the public access files at the Academies.
OCR for page R12
Review of the Space Communications Program of Nasas Space Operations Mission Directorate
This report is dedicated to the memory of
Major General Jimmey R. Morrell
(1946-2006)
