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Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity: How Do We Measure Up? (2007)

Chapter: Appendix C Surveillance and Monitoring Activities

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Surveillance and Monitoring Activities." Institute of Medicine. 2007. Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity: How Do We Measure Up?. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11722.
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C
Surveillance and Monitoring Activities

TABLE C-1 Surveillance and Monitoring

Survey

Primary Sponsor; Frequency of Data Collection

Population

Cross-Sectional Surveys

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) (CDC, 2006a)

CDC; ongoing

Adults ages 18 years and older

Monitoring the Future (Monitoring the Future, 2006)

Survey Research Center, University of Michigan; ongoing

Grades 8, 10, and 12

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (CDC, 2005)

CDC; ongoing

Adults and children

National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) (CDC, 2006c)

CDC; annually

All household members

National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health (Add Health, 2005)

Carolina Population Center;

1994–1995

1996

2001–2002

2006

Grades 7 to 12

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Surveillance and Monitoring Activities." Institute of Medicine. 2007. Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity: How Do We Measure Up?. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11722.
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Sample Size

Example(s) of Indicators or Outcomes Measured

303,822 (2004)

Fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, weight control

50,000/year in 420 secondary schools

Television viewing

5,000/year

Height, weight, and BMI; physical activity and physical fitness; weight history; breastfeeding; food security

31,326 adults (2004)

Physical activity, health care coverage and access

15,170 (2001–2002)

Diet, physical activity, health care service use, height, weight

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Surveillance and Monitoring Activities." Institute of Medicine. 2007. Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity: How Do We Measure Up?. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11722.
×

Survey

Primary Sponsor; Frequency of Data Collection

Population

Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System (PedNSS) (CDC, 2006b)

CDC; ongoing

Ages 0 to 5 years

School Nutrition Dietary Assessment Study (SNDA) (USDA, 2001)

USDA; 1991–1992

1998–1999

Elementary and secondary schools

School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS) (CDC, 2006f)

CDC; 1994 and 2000; conducted in 2006

Elementary, middle/ junior, and senior high school levels

School Health Profiles (SHP) (CDC, 2004)

CDC; biennial (1994, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004)

Middle/junior high school and senior high school levels

Youth Media Campaign Longitudinal Survey (YMCLS) (CDC, 2006g)

CDC; annual

Ages 9 to 13 years

Youth Risk Factor Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) (CDC, 2006h)

CDC, 1991 to present; every 2 years

Grades 9 to 12

Longitudinal Surveys

National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) (CDC, 2006d)

MCHB and NCHS; January 2003– July 2004

Ages 0 to 17 years

National Survey of Early Childhood Health (NSECH) (CDC, 2006e)

MCHB and AAP; February–July 2000

Ages 4 to 35 months

National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) (DoL, 2006)

U.S. Department of Labor; 1979, 1997

Ages 12 to 16 years

NOTE: AAP = American Academy of Pediatrics; BMI = body mass index; CDC = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; MCHB = Maternal and Child Health Bureau; NCHS = National Center for Health Statistics; SFA = School Food Authorities; and USDA = U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Surveillance and Monitoring Activities." Institute of Medicine. 2007. Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity: How Do We Measure Up?. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11722.
×

Sample Size

Example(s) of Indicators or Outcomes Measured

7 million (2004)

Height; weight; breastfeeding initiation, duration, and exclusivity; nutritional status; television and video viewing

1,075 cafeteria managers 430 SFA directors (1998–1999)

Nutritional quality of meals in schools

1,331 schools, 745 districts, and 51 states (2000)

Fruit and vegetable consumption, vending machine offerings, physical activity and physical education, intramurals, health education

41 states and 13 districts (2004)

Physical education requirements, physical activity (intramurals, sports), walking/biking to school, fruit and vegetable consumption, vending machine offerings, health education topics required (nutrition and dietary, physical activity)

3,000 (2002)

Physical activity and physical education, walk/bike to school, television viewing, parents’ physical activity

15,240 questionnaires completed in 158 schools, 32 state surveys, 18 local surveys (2003)

Fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity and physical education, television viewing, weight status (overweight, at risk, trying to lose weight)

102,353 children (2,000 children per state)

Reported height and weight; breastfeeding; physical activity; television viewing

2,000

Child’s age, height, and weight; breastfeeding; television viewing

9,000 (1997)

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Surveillance and Monitoring Activities." Institute of Medicine. 2007. Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity: How Do We Measure Up?. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11722.
×

REFERENCES

Add Health. 2005. Add Health: The National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health (Add Health). [Online]. Available: http://www.cpc.unc.edu/addhealth [accessed July 20, 2006].

CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2004. School Health Profiles (SHP). [Online]. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/profiles/index.htm [accessed July 20, 2006].

CDC. 2005. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). [Online]. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htm [accessed July 20, 2006].

CDC. 2006a. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). [Online]. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/ [accessed July 20, 2006].

CDC. 2006b. CDC’s Pediatric and Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System (PedNSS). [Online]. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/pednss/ [accessed July 20, 2006].

CDC. 2006c. National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). [Online]. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm [accessed July 20, 2006].

CDC. 2006d. NCHS/SLAITS—National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH). [Online]. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/slaits/nsch.htm [accessed July 20, 2006].

CDC. 2006e. NCHS/SLAITS—National Survey of Early Childhood Health (NSECH). [Online]. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/slaits/nsech.htm [accessed July 20, 2006].

CDC. 2006f. SHPPS: School Health Policies and Programs Study. [Online]. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/shpps/index.htm [accessed July 20, 2006].

CDC. 2006g. Youth Media Campaign: Resources and Reports. Longitudinal Survey (YMCLS). [Online]. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/youthcampaign/research/resources.htm [accessed July, 20, 2006].

CDC. 2006h. Youth Risk Factor Behavior Surveillance-United States 2005 Surveillance Summaries System (YRBSS). [Online]. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/index.htm [accessed July 20, 2006].

DoL (U.S. Department of Labor). 2006. National Longitudinal Surveys. National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). [Online]. Available: http://www.bls.gov/nls/home.htm [accessed July 20, 2006].

Monitoring the Future. 2006. Monitoring the Future: A Continuing Study of American Youth. [Online]. Available: http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/ [accessed July 20, 2006]

USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture). 2001. School Nutrition Dietary Assessment Study II: Summary of Findings (SNDA). [Online]. Available: http://www.fns.usda.gov/OANE/MENU/Published/CNP/FILES/SNDAIIfindsum.htm [accessed July 20, 2006].

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Surveillance and Monitoring Activities." Institute of Medicine. 2007. Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity: How Do We Measure Up?. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11722.
×
Page 390
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Surveillance and Monitoring Activities." Institute of Medicine. 2007. Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity: How Do We Measure Up?. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11722.
×
Page 391
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Surveillance and Monitoring Activities." Institute of Medicine. 2007. Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity: How Do We Measure Up?. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11722.
×
Page 392
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Surveillance and Monitoring Activities." Institute of Medicine. 2007. Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity: How Do We Measure Up?. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11722.
×
Page 393
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Surveillance and Monitoring Activities." Institute of Medicine. 2007. Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity: How Do We Measure Up?. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11722.
×
Page 394
Next: Appendix D Examples of Recent Federal Agency Programs, Initiatives, and Surveillance Systems for Supporting and Monitoring the Prevention of Obesity in U.S. Children and Youth »
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The remarkable increase in the prevalence of obesity among children and youth in the United States over a relatively short timespan represents one of the defining public health challenges of the 21st century. The country is beginning to recognize childhood obesity as a major public health epidemic that will incur substantial costs to the nation. However, the current level of investment by the public and private sectors still does not match the extent of the problem. There is a substantial underinvestment of resources to adequately address the scope of this obesity crisis.

At this early phase in addressing the epidemic, actions have begun on a number of levels to improve the dietary patterns and to increase the physical activity levels of young people. Schools, corporations, youth-related organizations, families, communities, foundations, and government agencies are working to implement a variety of policy changes, new programs, and other interventions. These efforts, however, generally remain fragmented and small in scale.

Moreover, the lack of systematic monitoring and evaluation of interventions have hindered the development of an evidence base to identify, apply, and disseminate lessons learned and to support promising efforts to prevent childhood obesity.

Progress in Preventing Childhood Obesity: How Do We Measure Up? examines the progress made by obesity prevention initiatives in the United States from 2004 to 2006. This book emphasizes a call to action for key stakeholders and sectors to commit to and demonstrate leadership in childhood obesity prevention, evaluates all policies and programs, monitors their progress, and encourages stakeholders to widely disseminate promising practices. This book will be of interest to federal, state, and local government agencies; educators and schools; public health and health care professionals; private-sector companies and industry trade groups; media; parents; and those involved in implementing community-based programs and consumer advocacy.

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