National Academies Press: OpenBook
« Previous: Appendix D Biographical Sketches of Panel Members and Staff
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2006. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11727.
×

Index

A

ABS. See Australian Bureau of Statistics

“Absent Family Schedule,” 30n

Absent person who usually lives here in sample unit, in residence rules for the Current Population Survey, 55

Accuracy and Coverage Evaluation (A.C.E.) Program, 46, 152, 211, 228, 253

ACS. See American Community Survey

Address verification, 215–216

Administrative Protective Act, 42

Administrative records, using to help locate and count overseas Americans, 337

“Advance Census Report,” 189, 192

Advance letters, developing, 187–189

“Advance Schedule of Population,” 30n

African Americans

foster child population, 103

inner-city areas, 125

Agricultural workers. See Farm workers

Alabama, 125

Alaska Natives, 144

foster child population, 103

Alaska TEAs, remote, 32

Algorithms, developing and implementing unduplication, 187

Alternative Questionnaire Experiments (AQE), 165, 169, 202, 270

Alternative questionnaire tests and approaches, 202–203

Alzheimer’s disease, 81

Ambiguity due to housing stock issues, 156–165, 186

hotels and motels, 159–161

people dislocated by disasters, 161–165

American Citizens Abroad, 328n

American civilians residing overseas, 327–338

the 1990 census, 331–334

the 2000 census, 334–335

the 2004 overseas census test, 335–336

concepts in counting, 336–338

treatment in past censuses, 328–331

American Community Survey (ACS), 50, 54, 118, 163, 174, 176–178, 181, 190, 225, 265

household roster question and instructions from the 1996-1998, 263

household roster question and instructions from the 2005, 260

“Your Guide for the ACS,” 261

American Indians. See Native Americans

American Statistical Association, census fellowships, 270

“Any residence elsewhere” (ARE), 5–6, 240, 243, 249, 265, 267

allowing, 238

collection of, 212–215

April 1, as “Census Day,” 29, 247

AQE. See Alternative Questionnaire Experiments

ARE. See “Any residence elsewhere”

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2006. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11727.
×

Arizona, 87, 99n, 115

Assessment

of the 2000 census residence rules, 31–33

in plans for 2010, 51–57

Assisted living options, 43

“At Sea” groups, 109

Australia, 202

residence concepts and questions in, 305–308

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), 305

B

Babies and young children, missed by census questions and operations, 155–156

Bachelor officers’ quarters (BOQ), 69

Baker v. Carr, 24, 46

Barracks, 108

Base housing, personnel stationed at domestic bases or living in nearby housing, 62, 106–109

Basic residence instructions, 1970 census questionnaire, 194

Basic residence question, 26

1970 census questionnaire, 194

1980 census questionnaire, 196

1990 census questionnaire, 198

2001 census of population, Canada, 310

advance materials distributed prior to enumerator visits, 1960 census, 193

“Be Counted” program, 49, 156–157

Beggars, 147

Births and deaths in the United States

on Census Day, 52

by month, 2004, 154

BJS. See Bureau of Justice Statistics

Boarding schools, 76–77

students at, 52

BOQ. See Bachelor officers’ quarters

Borough of Bethel Park v. Stans (1971), 70, 72, 88, 98

Brennan Center for Justice, 85

Bureau of Consular Affairs, 328

Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement, 83

Bureau of Indian Affairs, 74–76

Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), 82, 92, 95

C

C2SS. See Census 2000 Supplementary Survey

California, 86, 112, 128, 130, 134, 138, 243, 328

California state definitions of residence, 39–40

residence for in-state college tuition, 39

residence for obtaining a driver’s license, 40

residence for taxation purposes, 40

residence for voting purposes, 40

Canada, 201–202, 328

residence concepts and questions in, 308–311

Canadians, 117–118

CAPI. See Computer-assisted personal interviewing instruments

CATI. See Computer-assisted telephone interviewing instruments

CEFU. See Coverage edit follow-up operation

Census 2000 Supplementary Survey (C2SS), 254, 268

Census Act, 72

Census Bureau. See U.S. Census Bureau

Census Bureau’s difficulties measuring residence, 33–44

changing norms and living situations, 41–43

definitional challenges, 33–37

discrepant standards, 37–41

inherent tie to geography, 43–44

Census data, refining the Bureau’s routines for editing, 189

“Census Day,” 28–29, 78, 111–112, 117, 130, 151–155, 197, 211–213, 216, 295–301

April 1 as, 29, 247

births and deaths missed by census questions and operations, 153–155

movers missed by census questions and operations, 151–153

people living in special places on, 188

people whose living situation changes on, 188

response problem, 220–222

Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement (CJRP), 102, 176, 239–240

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2006. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11727.
×

Census schedule, versus school schedules, 76

Census taking

babies and young children, 155–156

Census Day births and deaths, 153–155

Census Day movers, 151–153

changes in, 30

improving accuracy of, 57

lessons from a review of living situations, 166–173

needed research on living situations, 174–178

people missed by, 151–156

Central America, 127

Central Statistical Office of Ireland, 313

Child Trends, 138

Children

custody arrangement types, 135, 139

divided custody, 135

in foster care, 62, 103–105

handicapped, schools for, 35

joint custody, 133–139, 185

sole custody, 135

split custody, 135

under age 18, by household composition, 132

young, missed by census questions and operations, 155–156

Children in Custody Census, 102n

Choice, as a factor in defining residence, 98

CJRP. See Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement

Cognitive testing, 269

comprehension of the questions, 269

decision processes, 269

response processes, 269

retrieval from memory of relevant information, 269

Cohabiting couples, 41, 140–141

children of, 140

College dormitories (including college quarters off campus), 35

College housing types and options, variation in, 73–75

College tuition, California residence definition for in-state, 39

Colleges and universities, 67–76

census schedule versus school schedule, 76

student independence versus parents’ enduring ties, 71–73

variation in college housing types and options, 73–75

Colonias, 143

Committee on National Statistics, 174, 251

Commuter workers and commuter marriage partners, 120–123

Complex and ambiguous living situations, 113–163

ambiguity due to housing stock issues, 156–165

and the changing nature of families, 131–146

the homeless population, 146–151

multiple residence and highly mobile populations, 113–131

people missed by census questions and operations, 151–156

Complex household structures, 131–146

children in joint custody, 133–139

cohabiting couples, 140–141

issues unique to Native Americans, 144–146

recent immigrants, 141–144

Comprehension, of the questions, 269

Computational capacity, advances in, 214

Computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) instruments, 256

Computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) instruments, 255

Conducting the count, 238–241

different forms for different settings, 240–241

facility and administrative records, 238–240

Confidentiality issues, 337–338

“Congregate foster care,” 105

Congressional Record, 332–333

COPAFS. See Council of Professional Associations on Federal Statistics

Correctional facilities, 35, 82–103

for adults, defined, 234–235

jails, 82, 99–101

juvenile facilities, 101–103

prisons, 82, 84–99

Council of Professional Associations on Federal Statistics (COPAFS), 77n, 112, 121, 133, 165, 181–182, 208, 213

Count Question Resolution Program, 226–227

Country-specific problems, 336

Coverage edit follow-up (CEFU) operation, 49

Coverage follow-up plans, for the 2010 census, 217

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2006. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11727.
×

Coverage probes, 21, 197–201, 216–217

candidate sets, 205

questions in, 200–201, 209

Coverage treatment groups, in the 2005 National Census Test, 206–207

CPS. See Current Population Survey

Cross-border commuters, 320

Cross-divisional ties, facilitating, 175–176

Current Population Survey (CPS), 54, 56, 136, 138, 156, 163, 174, 176–178, 237

need for a supplemental module to, 178

“Current residence” standard, 56, 262

Custody versus jurisdiction, 91–92

D

Data. See Internal data;

Self-report data

De facto residence, 28, 53, 56, 161, 184–185, 256, 271, 305, 312–313, 316–317, 319, 321, 324

De jure residence, 53, 56, 161, 184, 256, 271, 308, 312, 314–315, 321, 323

Decision processes, 269

Definitions

from the 2006 census test, 234–237

challenges posed by, 33–37

new approaches, 7–8

Delivery Sequence File, 227

Demographic analysis, 48

Department of Children and Family Services (Illinois), 104

Design

of the MAF, 250

of new experiments, 176

of public outreach programs, 189

Destination communities, 116

Disasters, people dislocated by, 161–165

Discrepant standards, 37–41

enduring ties, 38–41

residence in administrative records, 41

“Disregard,” of instructions on questionnaires, 191

District of Columbia, 88, 268

District of Columbia v. U.S. Department of Commerce (1992), 90–91

Divided custody arrangements, 135

Divorces, by whether and to whom physical custody of children was awarded, selected states, 1989 and 1990, 137

“DO NOT LIST” population, 192, 259, 297, 300–301

in the 1990 census, 171–172

in the 2000 census, 301

DoD. See U.S. Department of Defense

Dormitories, 35

military, 108

Doubtful cases, residence rules for the Current Population Survey, 55

Driver’s licenses, California residence definition for obtaining, 40

Dunn v. Blumstein, 37

Duplication, 47

E

ECUs. See Extended care units

Embedded housing units, 161

“Emergency shelters,” 162

Employment and Training Administration, 128

“Enduring ties”

among Native Americans, 146

argument for prisoners’ “homes,” 38–41, 93, 95, 97, 304, 334

Enumeration area types. See Types of enumeration areas in the 2000 Census

ERP. See Estimated resident population

ESCAP. See Executive Steering Committee on A.C.E. Policy research program

Estimated resident population (ERP), 306

Estonia, residence concepts and questions in, 312

Ethnographic Evaluation of the Behavioral Causes of Census Undercount, 167

Ethnographic research in the census, 141, 144, 165, 167

Evaluation Review, 149

Exceptions, residence rules for the Current Population Survey, 55

Executive Steering Committee on A.C.E. Policy (ESCAP) research program, 47–48

Experimentation and testing for the future, 10–12

to be performed during a decennial census, 189

Extended care units (ECUs), 79

Extended-stay hotels

proliferation of, 160

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2006. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11727.
×

F

Facility and administrative records, 238–240

Families

the changing nature of, 131–139

defining, 34, 41

desire to preserve, 45

FAQs. See “Frequently asked questions”

Farm workers

classification of, 129

migrant, 127–131

Federal Bureau of Prisons, 83

Federal civilian personnel, stationed overseas, 186

Federal Committee on Statistical Methodology, 125

Federal Highway Administration, 122

Federal Register, 21, 53

Findings, 33, 50, 53, 174, 191, 232–233, 242, 250, 270

Florida, 115–116, 118

Follow-the-crop migrants, 128

Follow-up letters, 222

Foreign census questionnaires, 201–202

Foreign students, studying in the U.S. on Census Day, 71

Foster care

children in, 62, 103–105

“congregate,” 105

Franklin v. Massachusetts (1992), 38, 41–42, 93, 123, 304

“Frequently asked questions” (FAQs), 187

application as the basis for, 188

Further Study of Person Duplication, 47, 253

G

“Gatekeepers,” 66, 241

Geographical database systems, 23, 26

Geographical factors, 43–44

poor handling of, 226–228

GI Bill, 70

Green bill, 91

Group homes, 35, 235

Group quarters, 6–10, 234–235

the concept of, 62–67

correctional facilities for adults, 234–235

defined, 181, 234

definitions from the 2006 census test, 234–237

enumerating, 50

group homes and residential treatment centers for adults, 235

health care facilities, 236

juvenile facilities, 235

length of stay, 63

new approaches, 7–8

other facilities, 237

people in prisons, 8–10

refusals from, 232

in residence rules for the ACS, 257

residential school-related facilities, 235–236

service-based enumeration facilities, 236

Group quarters categories for the 2000 census, 22, 35

college dormitories (including college quarters off campus), 35

correctional institutions, 35

dormitories and other group quarters, 35

group homes, 35

halfway houses, 35

hospices, 35

hospitals/wards, 35

juvenile institutions, 35

military quarters, 35

nursing homes, 35

schools for the handicapped, 35

service-based facilities, 35

Group quarters population

by group quarters type, 2000 census, 64–65

institutionalized population, 64–65

noninstitutionalized population, 65

UHE allowed in the 2000 census, 298–299

UHE not allowed in the 2000 census, 299–300

Group quarters questionnaires

ineffective processing of, 230–231

records in the Non-ID Process by form type, 2000 census, 231

H

“Halfway houses,” 35, 83

Handicapped children, schools for, 35

Hard-to-count populations, 170

Health care facilities, 77–82

defined, 236

intermediate care, 78

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2006. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11727.
×

residential care, 78

skilled care, 78

High levels of imputation, 232

High mobility rates, among Native Americans, 145–146

Historical development, 26–29

“Home”

for a prisoner, 93–97

for a released prisoner, 97–98

“Home of record,” 66, 109, 328, 332–333

Homeless population, 146–151

Hospices, 35

Hospitals/wards, 35

Hotel populations, 160–161

Hotels and motels, 159–161

embedded and associated housing units, 161

hotel populations, 160–161

proliferation of extended-stay hotels, 160

House Committee on Post Office and Civil Service, 332

House Subcommittee on Census and Population, 91, 332–334

Household count question, in the 2005 American Community Survey, 259

Household population, in the 2000 census, 295–298

Household roster question and instructions

from the 1996–1998 American Community Survey, 263

from the 2005 American Community Survey, 260

“Households”

defining, 34–36

as a polythetic category, 45

varying concepts of, 45

Housing units

defining, 157

in residence rules for the ACS, 257

Hurricane Camille, 161

Hurricane Floyd, 161

Hurricane Katrina, 161–162

I

ICRs. See Individual Census Reports

“Ignoring,” of instructions on questionnaires, 191

Illinois, 86, 104, 246

Immigrants

children of, 141

recent, 141–144

Implementation problems in the 2000 census, 226–233

failure to reconcile group quarters roster with MAF, 226

failure to unduplicate within the group quarters population, 232–233

high levels of imputation, 232

ineffective processing of group quarters questionnaires, 230–231

lack of coverage measurement and use of reported “usual home elsewhere” addresses, 228–230

poor handling of geographic location, 226–228

poor levels of full, self-report data, 228

Improvements for the future, 179–272.

See also Findings;

Recommendations

nonhousehold enumeration, 225–248

operations, research, and testing, 249–272

residence principles for the decennial census, 181–223

In-state college tuition, California residence definition for, 39

Inaccessibility by common techniques, 119–120

Include and Exclude Instructions, in the 1950 Census, 173

Individual Census Reports (ICRs), 67–69, 150, 212, 228–230, 240

Institute of Medicine, 102

Institutionalized population, 64–65

Instructions and residence questions in recent censuses and tests, 192–208

alternative questionnaire tests and approaches, 202–203

coverage probes, 197–201

foreign census questionnaires, 201–202

mid-decade census tests, 203–208

previous U.S. censuses, 192–197

those not following, 45–46

Intermediate care facilities, 78

Internal data, making fuller use of, 174–175

Internet data, collection responses, 49, 306

Interview techniques, 269

Intrastate distortion, 89–91

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2006. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11727.
×

Ireland, residence concepts and questions in, 313–314

Israel, residence concepts and questions in, 314–315

Italy, residence concepts and questions in, 315

J

Jails, 82, 99–101

Japan, residence concepts and questions in, 315–316

Japanese Statistics Bureau, 315

Joint custody arrangements, 135

JRFC. See Juvenile Residential Facility Census

“Just for work” living situations, discounting, 45

Juvenile facilities, 35, 101–103

defined, 235

Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act, 101

Juvenile Residential Facility Census (JRFC), 102–103

K

Kansas, census adjustment, 247

Kentucky, 227

King v. Smith, 125

Kinship and economic contribution, 44

L

Language differences, among Native Americans, 145

Legal standards, varying, 45

“Life course” framework, for multiple residences, 118

“Linguistic isolation,” 142

List/enumerate TEAs, 32

Living Situation Survey (LSS), 126, 165, 168, 178, 213

Living situations

basic research on, 176–178

changing, 41–43

complex and ambiguous, 113–163

lessons from a review of, 166–173

Local Update of Census Addresses program, 252

Loma Prieta earthquake, 161

Long-form replacement. See American Community Survey

Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Study, 176

LSS. See Living Situation Survey

M

MAF. See Master Address File

MAF/TIGER Enhancements Program, 20, 44, 250

Mail-and-field tests, 21

Mailed questionnaires, 30

Mailout/mailback TEAs, 32, 199

conversion to update/leave TEAs, 32

Marriage. See Commuter workers and commuter marriage partners;

Divorces

Maryland, 108, 149

Massachusetts, 333–334

Massachusetts v. Franklin, 334

Master Address File (MAF), 6, 20, 23, 26, 43, 108, 159, 169, 174, 190, 214, 226, 230, 240, 250–252

design, 250

evaluation, 250–251

scope, 250

updating, 187

Master address list, ensuring a complete count without, 337

MCRs. See Military Census Reports

Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, 81

Medicare Enrollment Files, 81

Memory of relevant information, retrieval from, 269

“Methods panel,” 265–266

Mexico, 127–128, 328

Mid-decade census tests, 203–208

Migrant farm workers, 127–131

Military and seaborne personnel, 35, 105–112, 186

in barracks, 108

on domestic bases or living in nearby housing, 62, 106–109

in dormitories, 108

in officer housing, 108–109

on-base and off-base housing for families and dependent children, 109

public partnerships to house, 109

shipboard personnel, 110–112

TEAs, 32

Military Census Reports (MCRs), 68–69, 107–108, 240

Military Housing Privatization Initiative, 109

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2006. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11727.
×

Minnesota, 138

Minority men, 124–127

“Mission Night” operation, 148

Missouri, 227

Mobile populations. See Multiple residence and highly mobile populations

Mode of completion, group quarters individual census reports in the 2000 census, 229

Monthly cycles, in residence rules, 296

“Most of the time,” where people spend, 119–120

“Motor Voter” Act. See National Voter Registration Act

“Mover probe” procedure, 153

Movers on Census Day, 52

Multi-unit dwellings, criteria for distinguishing separate units in, 1850–2000, 158

Multiple residence and highly mobile populations, 113–131

commuter workers and commuter marriage partners, 120–123

“life course” framework for, 118

migrant farm workers, 127–131

minority men, 124–127

recreational vehicle users, 118–120

residential ambiguity due to occupation, 123–124

“snowbirds” and “sunbirds,” 114–118

N

National Agricultural Workers Survey (NAWS), 128, 130

National Census Test, 20, 208, 214, 217–218, 268

National Center for Education Statistics, 74–76

National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), 79, 136

National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS), 80, 176

National Household Travel Survey (NHTS), 122

National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty v. Kantor, 149

National Nursing Home Surveys (NNHS) rounds, 79–80

National Postsecondary Student Aid Survey, 74

National Research Council, 20, 48, 102, 133, 232, 252, 255

National Science Foundation, census fellowships, 271

National Survey of Families and Households, 176

National Survey of Family Growth, 140

National Survey of Homeless Assistance Providers and Clients (NSHAPC), 147

National Survey of Recreation Vehicle Owners, 119

National Voter Registration Act, 38

Native Americans

“enduring ties” among, 146

foster child population, 103

fundamental difference in “house-hold” concept, 144–145

high mobility rates, 145–146

issues unique to, 144–146

language differences, 145

resistance to or reluctance to federal government questioning, 145

NAWS. See National Agricultural Workers Survey

NCHS. See National Center for Health Statistics

Nevada, 99n

New Immigrant Survey, 176

New Jersey, 128

New York, 89, 98, 104, 116–117, 128, 246

New York Times, 241–242, 244

New York University School of Law, 85–86, 89

New Zealand, 201–202

residence concepts and questions in, 316–319

Newly released state prisoners

time served by, 1993-2002, 95

time served by offense type, 1993 and 2002, 96

NHDS. See National Hospital Discharge Survey

NHTS. See National Household Travel Survey

NNHS. See National Nursing Home Surveys rounds

No clearly defined cycle, in residence rules, 296

Non-ID Process, 228, 230

“Nondwelling-unit quarters,” in 1950 census, 62

Nonhousehold enumeration, 225–248

allowing “any residence elsewhere,” 238

conducting the count, 238–241

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2006. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11727.
×

counting prisoners in the census, 241–248

implementation problems in the 2000 census, 226–233

rethinking the concept, 233–238

Nonhousehold population, 61–112

children in foster care, 103–105

the concept of “group quarters,” 62–67

correctional facilities, 82–103

health care facilities, 77–82

military and seaborne personnel, 105–112

students, 67–77

“Noninstitutional group quarters,” 63

Noninstitutionalized population, 65

Nonpermanent residents, 114

Nonseasonal addresses, 117

Norms, changing, 41–43

North Carolina, 246, 328

NSHAPC. See National Survey of Homeless Assistance Providers and Clients

Nursing homes, 35

O

Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom), 321, 324–325

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), 102, 239

Office of Personnel Management, 331

Officer housing, 108–109

OJJDP. See Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention

Omission and duplication, 46–50

On-base and off-base housing for families and dependent children, 109

“One rule” proposed residence rules revision, in plans for 2010, 51

Operations, research, and testing, 249–272

the Census Bureau Research and Testing Program, 267–272

clashing residence standards between the census and the American Community Survey, 254–266

Master Address File, 250–252

testing and research in 2010 and beyond, 266–267

unduplication methodology, 252–254

Oregon, 88

Overcounts

in the 2000 Census, 48

identified by the A.C.E. program, 46–47

Overrepresentation, of minority children in foster care, 103

Overseas population, in the 2000 census, 300

P

Panel to Review the 2000 Census, 133, 252

Paperwork Reduction Act, 190

Parents’ enduring ties, versus student independence, 71–73

Parole restrictions, 97

Patient discharges and distribution of current nursing home residents, 81

Pennsylvania, 86, 126, 128

Person Duplication Studies, 253

Pew Commission on Children in Foster Care, 103

Philippines, 329

Plans for 2010 census, 20–21, 51–57

assessment, 51–57

proposed residence rules revision, 51

“PLEASE BE SURE TO LIST,” 192

Point-in-time phenomena, 146

Point prevalence rates, 147

Political tension, over counting prisoners, 86

Population

data, 337

defining, 336

Post-Enumeration Survey, 228, 252

Presentation of residence concepts, to respondents and enumerators, 189–192

Previous U.S. censuses, 18–19, 192–197

Primary selection algorithm (PSA), 253

Principles

approach to residence based on, 2–3

a core set of, 182–186

products for implementation of, 186–189

Principles and Practices for a Federal Statistical Agency, 174

Prison-hosting communities, 242

Prison Policy Initiative, 89

“Prisoner Census Adjustment Act,” 246

Prisoners, 8–10

ambiguity of their residence, 84

counting in the census, 241–248

political tension over counting, 86

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2006. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11727.
×

Prisons, 82, 84–100

choice as a factor in defining residence, 98

considered “home” for a prisoner, 93–97

custody versus jurisdiction, 91–92

and “home” for a released prisoner, 97–98

legal standards on residence and voting, 98–99

potential for intrastate distortion, 89–91

sentence length, 92–93

Privacy issues, 337.

See also Social Security Number, Privacy Attitudes, and Notification Experiment

Privatization, increased, 92

Products for implementation of the principles, 186–189

designing public outreach programs, 189

developing and implementing unduplication algorithms, 187

developing experiments to be performed during a decennial census, 189

developing the advance letter, 187–189

refining the Bureau’s routines for editing census data, 189

Proposed changes to residence situation applications, 52

births and deaths on Census Day, 52

boarding school students, 52

movers on Census Day, 52

Proposed form of basic usual residence questionnaire item (UR1), 2006 Census of Population and Housing, Australia, 307

PSA. See Primary selection algorithm

Public partnerships (in military housing), 109

Public safety personnel, long shifts worked by, 124

Q

“Quasi-households,” in 1930 and 1940 censuses, 62

Questionnaires, 190

2005 American Community Survey, 262, 264

ignoring and disregard of instructions on, 191

items to collect primary and secondary address information, 2000 census of population, Switzerland, 320

questions, not instructions, 4–5, 210–211

simplifying, 223

telephone assistance with, 186

R

Recommendations, 174–175, 177–178, 184, 212–213, 216, 218–219, 221–222, 241, 243, 251–252, 265–266, 271

Recreational Vehicle Industry Association, 119

Recreational vehicles (RVs), 118–120

dedicated users of, 185

incomplete inventory of campsites, 120

Reference period, in residence rules for the ACS, 258

“Report for Military and Maritime Personnel” questionnaires, 107

Research Data Centers, enhancing, 271

Research needed, 222–223

building and strengthening ties to external, 176

fuller use of internal data, 174–175

on living situations, 174–178

monitoring social trends, 175–176

Residence, 37

in administrative records, 41

ambiguity due to occupation, 123–124

and the census, 13–57

Census Bureau’s difficulties measuring, 33–44

choice as a factor in defining, 98

legal standards on, 98–99

respondents’ difficulties defining, 44–46

Residence concepts and questions in selected foreign censuses, 303–325

Australia, 305–308

Canada, 308–311

Estonia, 312

Ireland, 313–314

Israel, 314–315

Italy, 315

Japan, 315–316

New Zealand, 316–319

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2006. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11727.
×

South Africa, 319–320

Switzerland, 320–321

United Kingdom, 321–325

United Nations/Economic Commission of Europe Guidelines, 303–305

United Nations Statistics Division, 305

Residence information collection, 3–6, 208–219.

See also Basic residence question

accuracy issues, 175

“any residence elsewhere” and other questions, 5–6

the Master Address File, 6

mode effects, 217–218

from prisoners, 187

questions, not instructions, 4–5, 210–211

related census operations, 6

the short form as too short, 5–6, 211–217

testing ARE in 2010, 218–219

Residence principles for the decennial census, 181–223

application as the basis for “frequently asked questions,” 188

the Census Day response problem, 220–222

a core set of principles, 182–186

getting the right residence information, 208–219

instructions and residence questions in recent censuses and tests, 192–208

people living in special places on Census Day, 188

people whose living situation changes on Census Day, 188

people with more than one residence, 188

people with only one residence, 188

presentation of residence concepts to respondents and enumerators, 189–192

products for implementation of the principles, 186–189

research needs, 222–223

suggested statement of, 184

U.S. citizens living outside the United States, 188

Residence rules, 23–57, 181

in the 1990 census, 171–172, 183

in the 2000 census and the 2000 alternative questionnaire experiment, 204

in the 2001 Census of Population, Canada, 309

assessment of the 2000 census residence rules, 31–33

the Census Bureau’s difficulties measuring residence, 33–44

challenges in defining residence, 59–178

the changing role of, 29–31

complex and ambiguous living situations, 113–163

complexities of, 46–50

consequences of residence complexities, 46–50

group quarters enumeration, 50

guiding principles as they apply to individual(s) with multiple residences, 296

historical development, 26–29

monthly cycles, 296

need for, 24–25

need for residence rules, 24–25

no clearly defined cycle, 296

the nonhousehold population, 61–112

omission and duplication, 46–50

plans for 2010, 51–57

respondents’ difficulties defining residence, 44–46

time split equally among two or more residences, 296

weekly cycles, 296

yearly cycles, 296

Residence rules for the 2000 census, 295–301

do not list population, 301

group quarters population, UHE allowed, 298–299

group quarters population, UHE not allowed, 299–300

household population, 295–298

overseas population, 300

Residence rules for the American Community Survey (ACS), 257

group quarters, 257

housing units, 257

reference period, 258

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2006. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11727.
×

Residence rules for the Current Population Survey, 55

absent person who usually lives here in sample unit, 55

exceptions and doubtful cases, 55

persons staying in sample unit at time of interview, 55

Residence standards, the U.S. census versus the American Community Survey, 254–266

Residential ambiguity due to occupation, 123–124

Residential facilities

extended care, 78

school-related, 235–236

treatment centers for adults, 235

Resistance to or reluctance to federal government questioning, among Native Americans, 145

Respondents’ difficulties defining residence, 44–46

desire to preserve the family unit, 45

discounting “just for work” living situations, 45

kinship and economic contribution, 44

social ties, 44

those not following instructions, 45–46, 156

varying concepts of “household,” 45

varying legal standards, 45

Response Mode and Incentive Experiment, 268

Response processes, 269

Restrictions, requirements of other countries limiting the Bureau’s ability to conduct a count, 337

Rhode Island, 245

Rural update/enumerate TEAs, 32

RVs. See Recreational vehicles

S

S-night (Shelter and Street Night) operations, 148–149, 151

Scope, of the MAF, 250

SCR. See Shipboard Census Report

Seasonal residents, 115

Self-administered responses, 30, 219

Self-enumeration, effect on the process of a census, 189

Self-report data, poor levels of, 228

Semipermanent living quarters, 170

Semiresidential long-term care options, 43

Sentence length, 92–94

Service-based enumeration, 150

facilities for, 35, 236

Settings, different forms for, 240–241

Shipboard Census Report (SCR), 68, 240

Shipboard personnel, 106, 110–112

Short form census, 190, 219

“any residence elsewhere” collection, 212–215

coverage and housing type probes, 216–217

as too short, 5–6, 211–217

verifying addresses, 215–216

Shuttle migrants, 128

Single room occupancy (SRO) hotels, 160n

SIPP. See Survey of Income and Program Participation

Skilled care facilities, 78

“Snowbirds” and “sunbirds,” 114–118, 176

Social Security Administration, 338

Social Security Number, Privacy Attitudes, and Notification Experiment, 268

Social ties, 44

Social trends

analyzing Census Bureau data, 175–176

building and strengthening ties to external research, 176

designing new experiments, 176

facilitating cross-divisional ties, 175–176

monitoring, 175–176

Sole custody arrangements, 135

South Africa, residence concepts and questions in, 319–320

“Special class” circumstances, 107

Split custody arrangements, 135

Splitting time equally, among two or more residences, 296

SRO. See Single room occupancy hotels

Standards. See Discrepant standards;

Legal standards;

Residence standards

State definitions of residence (California), 39–40

residence for in-state college tuition, 39

residence for obtaining a driver’s license, 40

residence for taxation purposes, 40

residence for voting purposes, 40

Statistical Office of the European Communities, 303

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2006. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11727.
×

Statistics Canada, 308, 310–311

Statistics New Zealand, 319

Stay in group quarters, length of, 63

“Street people,” 147

Students, 67–77

in boarding schools, 76–77

in colleges and universities, 67–76

foreign, 71

independence of versus parents’ enduring ties, 71–73

Subsistence activities, 146

“Supermax” security areas, 243

Survey of English Housing, 325

Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), 54, 56, 131, 152

Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities, 95

Surveys of Consumers program, 119

Switzerland, 201

residence concepts and questions in, 320–321

T

2000 Census

types of enumeration areas in, 32

undercount and overcount in, 48

Task-order relationships, improving, 271

Taxation purposes, California residence definition for, 40

TEAs. See Types of enumeration areas in the 2000 Census

Telephone, questionnaire assistance by, 186

“Temporary absences,” 37

Temporary residents, 114, 262, 315

“Tenement houses,” 158

Testing and research in 2010 and beyond, 266–267

testing ARE in 2010, 218–219

Texas, 86–87, 104, 116–118, 328

“Think-aloud interviewing,” 269

TIGER. See Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing system database

Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (TIGER) system database, 20, 44, 226, 250

Transient Night (T-Night), 148, 151

Treatment groups, 208

Types of enumeration areas (TEAs) in the 2000 Census, 32

list/enumerate, 32

mailout/mailback, 32

mailout/mailback conversion to update/leave, 32

military, 32

remote Alaska, 32

rural update/enumerate, 32

update/leave, 32

“urban” update/enumerate, 32

“urban” update/leave, 32

U

UHE. See “Usual home elsewhere” addresses

U.N. Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), guidelines from, 303–305, 312

U.N. Statistics Division, residence concepts and questions from, 305

Undercounts, 177

in the 2000 Census, 48

probing for, 199

Undergraduate college housing, 2003-2004, 75

Unduplication

in the 2000 census, 253

developing and implementing algorithms for, 187

methodology for, 252–254

UNECE. See U.N. Economic Commission for Europe

Uniform Marriage and Divorce Act, 134

United Kingdom, 202

residence concepts and questions in, 321–325

Universities, 67–76

University of Michigan Survey Research Center, 119

Update/leave TEAs, 32

“Urban” update/enumerate TEAs, 32

“Urban” update/leave TEAs, 32

U.S. Attorney General, 330

U.S. Census Bureau, 20, 23–25, 33–36, 42–56, 61–62, 66, 73, 79–80, 85–88, 102, 126, 131, 138, 144, 147–148, 151, 161, 165, 174–178, 187, 191, 208, 216, 218, 226, 233, 239–240, 246–248, 251, 265–272, 331, 336

proposed 2010 Census Residence Rule, 52

proposed changes to residence situation applications, 52

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2006. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11727.
×

requirements of other countries limiting their ability to conduct a count, 337

research and testing program, 267–272

U.S. censuses

1950, 192

1960, 192–193

1970, 192–195

1980, 195–196

1990, 196–198

2000, 197

previous, 18–19, 192–197

U.S. citizens living outside the United States. See American civilians residing overseas

U.S. Conference of Mayors, 149

U.S. Constitution, 72

12th Amendment, 123n

U.S. Department of Commerce, 332–334

U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), 328–329, 331–333, 338

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 147

U.S. Department of Labor, 128

U.S. General Accounting Office, 336

U.S. Government Accountability Office, 255, 328n, 335–336

U.S. House of Representatives, 24

U.S. Justice Department, 330

U.S. Maritime Administration, 112, 329

U.S. Office of Management and Budget, 190

U.S. Postal Service, 227

U.S. State Department, 328–330, 334n, 338

U.S. Supreme Court, 24, 38, 42, 46, 70, 123, 125, 335

“Usual home elsewhere” (UHE) addresses, 33, 150, 238, 297

collecting, 212

use of reported, and lack of coverage measurement, 228–230

“Usual residence” categories, 22, 33, 36, 45, 61, 91, 105, 127, 305, 317

as delineated by the Census Order 2000, United Kingdom, 322

enduring concept of, 272

guidelines in defining, 26–27, 184

as individual-level attributes, 185, 266

Utah, 243, 328, 335

V

Vacation homes, 262

Verbal probing, 269

Vermont, 99

Virginia, 88, 328

Visual cues, 192

Voting

California residence definition for, 40

legal standards for, 98–99

Voting Rights Act, 24, 38

W

Weekly cycles, in residence rules, 296

Wisconsin, 91, 137–138, 227

Work-related issues. See Commuter workers and commuter marriage partners;

Farm workers;

Residential ambiguity due to occupation

Work-study release centers, 83

“Worksheet” treatment, 211, 268

Y

Yearly cycles, in residence rules, 296

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2006. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11727.
×
Page 343
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2006. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11727.
×
Page 344
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2006. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11727.
×
Page 345
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2006. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11727.
×
Page 346
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2006. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11727.
×
Page 347
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2006. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11727.
×
Page 348
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2006. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11727.
×
Page 349
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2006. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11727.
×
Page 350
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2006. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11727.
×
Page 351
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2006. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11727.
×
Page 352
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2006. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11727.
×
Page 353
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2006. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11727.
×
Page 354
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2006. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11727.
×
Page 355
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2006. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11727.
×
Page 356
Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decennial Census Get This Book
×
Buy Hardback | $71.00 Buy Ebook | $54.99
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

The usefulness of the U.S. decennial census depends critically on the accuracy with which individual people are counted in specific housing units, at precise geographic locations. The 2000 and other recent censuses have relied on a set of residence rules to craft instructions on the census questionnaire in order to guide respondents to identify their correct "usual residence." Determining the proper place to count such groups as college students, prisoners, and military personnel has always been complicated and controversial; major societal trends such as placement of children in shared custody arrangements and the prevalence of "snowbird" and "sunbird" populations who regularly move to favorable climates further make it difficult to specify ties to one household and one place. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place reviews the evolution of current residence rules and the way residence concepts are presented to respondents. It proposes major changes to the basic approach of collecting residence information and suggests a program of research to improve the 2010 and future censuses.

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  9. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!