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PAPERBACK list:$12.95 Web:$11.65 add to cart Rights & Permissions Free PDF Access Free Resources Sign in to download PDF book and chapters PDF EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PODCAST: Science, Evolution, and Creationism [13] mB Display this book on your site! Related Titles Taking Science to School: Learning and Teaching Science in Grades K-8 Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of the Life Sciences Other Related Titles Science, Evolution, and Creationism (2008) National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Web Search Builder Use this book's key terms to search within this book, across our collection, or across the Web. Skim This Chapter Skim this chapter and use this chapter's key terms to search within this book. Reference Finder Paste in your own text to find books that relate to your topic. Page 55   E-mail  Facebook  Digg  Stumble  Twitter More The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. ADDITIONAL READINGS Websites The National Academy of Sciences maintains a website containing publications and other resources from the academies that focus on evolution and evolution education. The website also contains links to other useful websites about evolution and the nature of science that are maintained by other scientific organizations. For more information see http://nationalacademies.org/evolution. Articles on Research Described in This Publication Alemseged, Z., F. Spoor, W.H. Kimbel, R. Bobe, D. Geraads, D. Reed, and J.G. Wynn. 2006. A juvenile early hominid skeleton from Dikika, Ethiopia. Nature 443 (7109): 296–301. Allwood, A.C., M.R. Walter, B.S. Kamber, C.P. Marshall, and I.W. Burch. 2006. Stromatolite reef from the Early Archaean era of Australia. Nature 441 (7094): 714–18. Banzhaf, W., G. Beslon, S. Christensen, J.A. Foster, F. Kepes, V. Lefort, J.F. Miller, M. Radman, and J.J. Ramsden. 2006. From artificial evolution to computational evolution: a research agenda. Nature Reviews Genetics 7 (9): 729–35. Bull, J.J., and H.A. Wichman. 2001. Applied evolution. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 32: 183–217. Carson, H.L. 1997. Sexual selection: A driver of genetic change in Hawaiian Drosophila. Journal of Heredity 88 (5): 343–52. Craddock, E.M. 2000. Speciation processes in the adaptive radiation of Hawaiian plants and animals. Evolutionary Biology 31: 1–43. Daeschler, E.B., N.H. Shubin, and F.A. Jenkins Jr. 2006. A Devonian tetrapod-like fish and the evolution of the tetrapod body plan. Nature 440 (7085): 757–63. Kent, W.J., R. Baertsch, A. Hinrichs, W. Miller, and D. Haussler. 2003. Evolution’s cauldron: duplication, deletion, and rearrangement in the mouse and human genomes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 100 (20): 11484–89. Ksiazek, T.G., D. Erdman, C.S. Goldsmith, S.R. Zaki, T. Peret, S. Emery, S. Tong, C. Urbani, J.A. Comer, W. Lim, P.E. Rollin, S.F. Dowell, A.E. Ling, C.D. Humphrey, W.J. Shieh, J. Guarner, C.D. Paddock, P. Rota, B. Fields, J. DeRisi, J.Y. Yang, N. Cox, J.M. Hughes, J.W. LeDuc, W.J. Bellini, L.J. Anderson—SARS Working Group. 2003. A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine 348 (20): 1953–66. Miller, J.D., E.D. Scott, and S. Okamoto. 2006. Public acceptance of evolution. Science 313 (5788): 765–66. Reznick, D.N., F.H. Shaw, F.H. Rodd, and R.G. Shaw. 1997. Evaluation of the rate of evolution in natural populations of guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Science 275 (5308): 1934–37. Salamini, F., H. Ozkan, A. Brandolini, R. Schafer-Pregl, and W. Martin. 2002. Genetics and geography of wild cereal domestication in the Near East. Nature Reviews Genetics 3 (6): 429–41. Shubin, N.H., E.B. Daeschler, and F.A. Jenkins Jr. 2006. The pectoral fin of Tiktaalik roseae and the origin of the tetrapod limb. Nature 440 (7085): 764–71. Thewissen, J.G., M.J. Cohn, L.S. Stevens, S. Bajpai, J. Heyning, and W.E. Horton Jr. 2006. Developmental basis for hind-limb loss in dolphins and origin of the cetacean bodyplan. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 103 (22): 8414–18. Thewissen, J.G., E.M. Williams, L.J. Roe, and S.T. Hussain. 2001. Skeletons of terrestrial cetaceans and the relationship of whales to artiodactyls. Nature 413 (6853): 277–81. You, H.L., M.C. Lamanna, J.D. Harris, L.M. Chiappe, J. O’Connor, S.A. Ji , J.C. Lu, C.X. Yuan, D.Q. Li, X. Zhang, K.J. Lacovara, P. Dodson, and Q. Ji. 2006. A nearly modern amphibious bird from the Early Cretaceous of northwestern China. Science 312 (5780): 1640–43. Page 55 Front Matter (R1-R16) 1 Evolution and the Nature of Science (1-16) 2 The Evidence for Biological Evolution (17-36) 3 Creationist Perspectives (37-46) 4 Conclusion (47-48) Frequently Asked Questions (49-54) Additional Readings (55-59) Committee Member Biographies (60-63) Staff and Consultant Biographies (64-66) Index (67-69) Photo and Illustration Credits (70-72)

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Science Evolution and Creationism ADDITIONAL READINGS Websites The National Academy of Sciences maintains a website containing publications and other resources from the academies that focus on evolution and evolution education. The website also contains links to other useful websites about evolution and the nature of science that are maintained by other scientific organizations. For more information see http://nationalacademies.org/evolution. Articles on Research Described in This Publication Alemseged, Z., F. Spoor, W.H. Kimbel, R. Bobe, D. Geraads, D. Reed, and J.G. Wynn. 2006. A juvenile early hominid skeleton from Dikika, Ethiopia. Nature 443 (7109): 296–301. Allwood, A.C., M.R. Walter, B.S. Kamber, C.P. Marshall, and I.W. Burch. 2006. Stromatolite reef from the Early Archaean era of Australia. Nature 441 (7094): 714–18. Banzhaf, W., G. Beslon, S. Christensen, J.A. Foster, F. Kepes, V. Lefort, J.F. Miller, M. Radman, and J.J. Ramsden. 2006. From artificial evolution to computational evolution: a research agenda. Nature Reviews Genetics 7 (9): 729–35. Bull, J.J., and H.A. Wichman. 2001. Applied evolution. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 32: 183–217. Carson, H.L. 1997. Sexual selection: A driver of genetic change in Hawaiian Drosophila. Journal of Heredity 88 (5): 343–52. Craddock, E.M. 2000. Speciation processes in the adaptive radiation of Hawaiian plants and animals. Evolutionary Biology 31: 1–43. Daeschler, E.B., N.H. Shubin, and F.A. Jenkins Jr. 2006. A Devonian tetrapod-like fish and the evolution of the tetrapod body plan. Nature 440 (7085): 757–63. Kent, W.J., R. Baertsch, A. Hinrichs, W. Miller, and D. Haussler. 2003. Evolution’s cauldron: duplication, deletion, and rearrangement in the mouse and human genomes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 100 (20): 11484–89. Ksiazek, T.G., D. Erdman, C.S. Goldsmith, S.R. Zaki, T. Peret, S. Emery, S. Tong, C. Urbani, J.A. Comer, W. Lim, P.E. Rollin, S.F. Dowell, A.E. Ling, C.D. Humphrey, W.J. Shieh, J. Guarner, C.D. Paddock, P. Rota, B. Fields, J. DeRisi, J.Y. Yang, N. Cox, J.M. Hughes, J.W. LeDuc, W.J. Bellini, L.J. Anderson—SARS Working Group. 2003. A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine 348 (20): 1953–66. Miller, J.D., E.D. Scott, and S. Okamoto. 2006. Public acceptance of evolution. Science 313 (5788): 765–66. Reznick, D.N., F.H. Shaw, F.H. Rodd, and R.G. Shaw. 1997. Evaluation of the rate of evolution in natural populations of guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Science 275 (5308): 1934–37. Salamini, F., H. Ozkan, A. Brandolini, R. Schafer-Pregl, and W. Martin. 2002. Genetics and geography of wild cereal domestication in the Near East. Nature Reviews Genetics 3 (6): 429–41. Shubin, N.H., E.B. Daeschler, and F.A. Jenkins Jr. 2006. The pectoral fin of Tiktaalik roseae and the origin of the tetrapod limb. Nature 440 (7085): 764–71. Thewissen, J.G., M.J. Cohn, L.S. Stevens, S. Bajpai, J. Heyning, and W.E. Horton Jr. 2006. Developmental basis for hind-limb loss in dolphins and origin of the cetacean bodyplan. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 103 (22): 8414–18. Thewissen, J.G., E.M. Williams, L.J. Roe, and S.T. Hussain. 2001. Skeletons of terrestrial cetaceans and the relationship of whales to artiodactyls. Nature 413 (6853): 277–81. You, H.L., M.C. Lamanna, J.D. Harris, L.M. Chiappe, J. O’Connor, S.A. Ji , J.C. Lu, C.X. Yuan, D.Q. Li, X. Zhang, K.J. Lacovara, P. Dodson, and Q. Ji. 2006. A nearly modern amphibious bird from the Early Cretaceous of northwestern China. Science 312 (5780): 1640–43.

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Science Evolution and Creationism Books on Evolution, the Nature of Science, and Science Education The following list of references represents a sampling of the vast literature available on evolution, science, and science education. Please visit our World Wide Web address, http://nationalacademies.org/evolution, for more extensive resource listings for these subjects. The National Academy of Sciences does not endorse all the views or perspectives expressed by the authors of the following books. Books on Evolution Ayala, Francisco J. 2007. Darwin’s Gift to Science and Religion. Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press. An evolutionary biologist with a background in theology explains the science of evolution and its compatibility with faith. Carroll, Sean B. 2006. The Making of the Fittest: DNA and the Ultimate Forensic Record of Evolution. New York: Norton. Links changes in DNA over time to the evolution of organisms and explores the new science of evolutionary-development biology, or “evo-devo.” Dawkins, Richard. 1996. Climbing Mount Improbable. New York: Norton. An authoritative and elegant account of the evolutionary origins of the “design” of organisms. Dennett, Daniel C. 1995. Darwin’s Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life. New York: Simon and Schuster. An exploration of Darwin’s conceptual advances and of how those advances have influenced other areas of thought. Fortey, Richard. 1998. Life: A Natural History of the First Four Billion Years of Life on Earth. New York: Knopf. A lively account of the history of life on Earth. Gould, Stephen J. 1992. The Panda’s Thumb. New York: W.W. Norton. Gould’s columns from Natural History magazine have been collected into a series of books, including Ever Since Darwin, Hen’s Teeth and Horses’ Toes, Eight Little Piggies, The Flamingo’s Smile, and Bully for Brontosaurus. All are good popular introductions to the basic ideas behind evolution, and extremely readable. Hazen, Robert M. 2006. Genesis: The Scientific Quest for Life’s Origins. Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press. An engaging introduction to current ideas about the origin of life on Earth, featuring vivid descriptions of the experiments Hazen and others are doing to test possible mechanisms. Horner, John R., and Edwin Dobb. 1997. Dinosaur Lives: Unearthing an Evolutionary Saga. New York: Harper Collins. What it’s like to uncover fossilized bones, eggs, and more, plus Horner’s views on dinosaurs and evolution. Kirschner, Marc W., and John C. Gerhart. 2005. The Plausibility of Life: Resolving Darwin’s Dilemma. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Explains how small changes in the DNA of an organism can produce new biological structures and systems. Mayr, Ernst. 2001. What Evolution Is. New York: Basic Books. An authoritative and comprehensive overview of evolutionary theory. Mindell, David P. 2006. The Evolving World: Evolution in Everyday Life. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Describes the many practical applications of evolutionary knowledge in medicine, agriculture, conservation biology, and other fields. National Academy of Sciences. 1998. Teaching About Evolution and the Nature of Science. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. A guide for educators, policy makers, parents, and others that offers guidance on teaching about evolution and the nature of science. Weiner, Jonathan. 1994. The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time. New York: Knopf. Discussion of basic evolutionary principles and how they are illustrated by ongoing evolution of the finches on the Galápagos Islands. Zimmer, Carl. 2002. Evolution: The Triumph of an Idea. New York: Harper. A broad overview of evolution — and companion to a PBS series of the same name — that examines the influence and scope of Darwin’s ideas.

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Science Evolution and Creationism Books on the Evolution of Humans Cela-Conde, Camilo J., and Francisco J. Ayala. 2007. Human Evolution: Trails from the Past. New York: Oxford University Press. A comprehensive overview of the evolution of humans that draws from fields ranging from genomics and paleoanthropology to ethics and religion. Diamond, Jared. 1993, reissued in 2006. The Third Chimpanzee: The Evolution and Future of the Human Animal. New York: Harper Perennial. Discusses the similarities and differences between humans and chimpanzees. Howells, William W. 1997. Getting Here: The Story of Human Evolution. Washington, DC: Compass Press. A readable survey of human evolution by one of the fathers of physical anthropology. Stringer, Chris, and Peter Andrews. 2005. The Complete World of Human Evolution. New York: Thames and Hudson. A thorough, well-illustrated, and up-to-date guide to the evolution of human beings from our nonhuman ancestors. Tattersall, Ian. 1998. Becoming Human: Evolution and Human Uniqueness. New York: Harcourt Brace. A description of the current state of understanding about the differences between Neanderthals and modern humans. Zimmer, Carl. 2005. Smithsonian Intimate Guide to Human Origins. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books. A succinct guide to the complex story of human evolution. Books on Evolution for Children and Young Adults Jenkins, Steve. 2002. Life on Earth: The Story of Evolution. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. A remarkably broad and detailed introduction to evolutionary theory. Grades 2–6. Lauber, Patricia. 1994. How Dinosaurs Came to Be. New York: Simon and Schuster. A description of the dinosaurs and their ancestors. Grades 4–7. Lawson, Kristan. 2003. Darwin and Evolution for Kids: His Life and Ideas with 21 Activities. Chicago: Chicago Review. A life of Darwin combined with activities such as making a taxonomy and investigating geological strata. Grades 5–9. Matsen, Bradford. 1994. Planet Ocean: A Story of Life, the Sea, and Dancing to the Fossil Record. Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press. Whimsically illustrated tour of history for older kids and adults. Grades 6–10. McNulty, Faith. 1999. How Whales Walked into the Sea. New York: Scholastic. This wonderfully illustrated book describes the evolution of whales from land mammals. Grades K–5. Peters, Lisa W. 2003. Our Family Tree: An Evolution Story. New York: Harcourt. A beautifully illustrated picture book that emphasizes the relatedness of all living things. Grades K–5. Troll, Ray, and Bradford Matsen. 1996. Raptors, Fossils, Fins & Fangs: A Prehistoric Creature Feature. Berkeley, CA: Tricycle Press. A light-hearted trip through time (“Good Gracious—Cretaceous!”). Grades 3–6. Books on the Origin of the Universe and the Earth Astronomy Education Board. 2004. An Ancient Universe: How Astronomers Know the Vast Scale of Cosmic Time. Washington, DC: American Astronomical Society and Astronomical Society of the Pacific. A guide for teachers, students, and the public to the methods astronomers have used to date the cosmos. Dalrymple, G. Brent. 2004. Ancient Earth, Ancient Skies: The Age of Earth and Its Cosmic Surroundings. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press. A comprehensive discussion of the evidence for the ages of the Earth, Moon, meteorites, solar system, galaxy, and universe. Longair, Malcolm S. 2006. The Cosmic Century: A History of Astrophysics and Cosmology. New York: Cambridge. A review of the historical development of astrophysics and cosmology, with an emphasis on the theoretical concepts that tie these fields to other areas of science.

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Science Evolution and Creationism Tyson, Neil D. 2007. Death by Black Hole: And Other Cosmic Quandaries. New York: W. W. Norton. A collection of essays from Tyson’s monthly ”Universe” column in Natural History magazine on how science works and how we have come to understand our place in the universe. Tyson, Neil D., and Donald Goldsmith. 2004. Origins: Fourteen Billion Years of Cosmic Evolution. New York: W. W. Norton. The companion book to the NOVA series “Origins,” conveys the latest understanding of the origin of the universe, galaxies, stars, planets, and life. Weinberg, Steven. 1993. The First Three Minutes: A Modern View of the Origin of the Universe. New York: Basic Books. An explanation of what happened during the Big Bang. Books on Genomics and Evolution DeSalle, Rob, and Michael Yudell. 2004. Welcome to the Genome: A User’s Guide to the Genetic Past, Present, and Future. New York: Wiley. Discusses the science, the applications, and the potential of human genetics. Ridley, Matt. 1999. Genome: The Autobiography of a Species in 23 Chapters. New York: HarperCollins. A chromosome-by-chromosome investigation of how genetics research could change human life. Watson, James D., and Andrew Berry. 2003. DNA: The Secret of Life. New York: Knopf. A history of genetics written in part by the scientist who uncovered the structure of DNA. Books on the Evolution and Creationism Controversy Ayala, Francisco J. 2006. Darwin and Intelligent Design. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press. A comparison of evolutionary theory with the ideas proposed by the backers of “intelligent design creationism.” Baker, Catherine, and James B. Miller. 2006. The Evolution Dialogues: Science, Christianity, and the Quest for Understanding. Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science. Alternating chapters present the findings of science and the Christian response to those findings in a publication generated as part of the dialogue on science, ethics, and religion sponsored by the AAAS. Collins, Francis. 2006. The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief. New York: Free Press. The director of the Human Genome Project describes his religious beliefs in the context of his scientific research. Forrest, Barbara, and Paul R. Gross. 2004. Creationism’s Trojan Horse: The Wedge of Intelligent Design. New York: Oxford University Press. A close analysis of the positions and tactics taken by the intelligent design branch of creationism. Humes, Edward. 2007. Monkey Girl: Evolution, Education, Religion, and the Battle for America’s Soul. New York: HarperCollins. An eyewitness account of the Kitzmiller vs. Dover Area School District trial. Kitcher, Philip. 2006. Living with Darwin: Evolution, Design, and the Future of Faith. New York: Oxford University Press. A philosopher of science compares different versions of creationism to evolution while examining the broader differences between religious and scientific perspectives. Matsumura, Molleen. 1995. Voices for Evolution. Berkeley, CA: National Center for Science Education. Continually updated at http://www.ncseweb.org/article.asp?category=2. A collection of statements supporting the teaching of evolution from many different types of organizations: scientific, civil liberties, religious, and educational. Miller, Kenneth R. 1999. Finding Darwin’s God: A Scientist’s Search for Common Ground Between God and Evolution. New York: HarperCollins. A biologist seeks to reconcile evolutionary theory with a belief in God. Moore, John A. 2002. From Genesis to Genetics: The Case of Evolution and Creationism. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. An argument for the educational importance of teaching evolution.

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Science Evolution and Creationism Nelkin, Dorothy. 2000. The Creation Controversy: Science or Scripture in Schools. Lincoln, NE: iUniverse, Inc. A sociologist of science examines the controversies in Kansas about teaching evolution and questions about the public’s trust in science. Pennock, Robert T. 1999. Tower of Babel: The Evidence Against the New Creationism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. A philosopher of science analyzes “intelligent design” and “theistic science” creationism. Pennock, Robert T., ed. 2001. Intelligent Design Creationism and Its Critics: Philosophical, Theological, and Scientific Perspectives. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. A collection of papers by creationists and their critics, with a particular focus on “intelligent design creationism.” Pigliucci, Massimo. 2002. Denying Evolution: Creationism, Scientism, and the Nature of Science. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates. Examines the history of the evolution/creationism “debate” and provides detailed information about what the author sees as fallacies by both creationists and scientists. Ruse, Michael. 2005. The Evolution-Creation Struggle. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. A history of the reaction to Darwin’s ideas that offers constructive suggestions for advocates on both sides of the debate. Scott, Eugenie. 2005. Evolution vs. Creationism: An Introduction. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Written by the executive director of the National Center for Science Education, this survey of the issues surrounding debates over evolution and creationism includes useful lists of primary documents and resources. Scott, Eugenie, and Glenn Branch, eds. 2006. Not in Our Classrooms: Why Intelligent Design Is Wrong for Our Schools. Boston, MA: Beacon Press. A collection of essays that examines the history of “intelligent design creationism” and the legal controversies surrounding its introduction into public school classrooms.