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Earth Observations from Space: The First 50 Years of Scientific Achievements
Appendix A Examples of Scientific Accomplishments andRelevant Satellite Missions
TABLE A.1 Examples of Landmark Satellite Missions That Have Contributed Significantly to the Scientific Accomplishments Discussed in this Report
Satellite
Accomplishment
ATS/SMS/GOES
Meteosat
GMS
Weather observations of the tropics and midlatitudes from geostationary altitude (2, 3)
Tropical cyclone detection and forecasting (3)
Aura
Observing stratospheric ozone (5)
Observing trace gases in the stratosphere, ozone chemistry (5)
Observing trace gases in the troposphere, tropospheric chemistry and transport (5)
Tropospheric ozone (5)
Global climatology of aerosols (4)
CloudSat
CALIPSO
Global distribution of cloud properties (4)
Envisat
Stratospheric ozone (5)
Stratospheric trace gases (5)
Tropospheric ozone (5)
Tropospheric trace gases (5)
ERS 1 and 2
Observing stratospheric ozone (5)
Observing trace gases in the stratosphere (5)
Tropospheric ozone (5)
Observing trace gases in the troposphere (5)
Glacier extent and position of equilibrium line (7)
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Earth Observations from Space: The First 50 Years of Scientific Achievements
Appendix A
Examples of Scientific Accomplishments and Relevant Satellite Missions
TABLE A.1 Examples of Landmark Satellite Missions That Have Contributed Significantly to the Scientific Accomplishments Discussed in this Report
Satellite
Accomplishment
ATS/SMS/GOES
Meteosat
GMS
Weather observations of the tropics and midlatitudes from geostationary altitude (2, 3)
Tropical cyclone detection and forecasting (3)
Aura
Observing stratospheric ozone (5)
Observing trace gases in the stratosphere, ozone chemistry (5)
Observing trace gases in the troposphere, tropospheric chemistry and transport (5)
Tropospheric ozone (5)
Global climatology of aerosols (4)
CloudSat
CALIPSO
Global distribution of cloud properties (4)
Envisat
Stratospheric ozone (5)
Stratospheric trace gases (5)
Tropospheric ozone (5)
Tropospheric trace gases (5)
ERS 1 and 2
Observing stratospheric ozone (5)
Observing trace gases in the stratosphere (5)
Tropospheric ozone (5)
Observing trace gases in the troposphere (5)
Glacier extent and position of equilibrium line (7)
Understanding ocean tides (8)
Westward-propagating sea surface height variability (8)
Mapping global fires (10)
First images of earthquakes (11)
Explorer 7
Earth radiation budget (2, 4)
GPS
Plate tectonics (11)
GRACE
Analysis of groundwater (6)
Geodesy (11)
Mean Gravity Model (11)
ICESat
Ice shelf collapse (7)
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Earth Observations from Space: The First 50 Years of Scientific Achievements
Satellite
Accomplishment
LAGEOS
Geodesy (11)
Landsat
Seasonal snow cover (6)
Increasing growing season (9)
Studying plant physiology (9)
Monitoring agricultural lands (10)
Estimating tropical deforestation (10)
Mapping global land cover (2, 10)
Understanding desertification (10)
Monitoring urban areas (10)
Nimbus series
Observing stratospheric dynamics (5)
Observing distribution and decrease of stratospheric ozone (5)
Measuring stratospheric trace gases (5)
Antarctic ozone hole (5)
Tropospheric ozone (5)
Declining Arctic summer sea ice (7)
Satellite images corroborate Sverdrup’s theory (8)
First global maps of marine primary productivity (9)
First atmospheric soundings (3, 4, 5)
NOAA
Impact of a volcanic eruption on climate (4)
Global sea surface temperature observations (8)
Atmospheric temperature and moisture soundings for weather prediction (3)
Monitoring global total ozone column over Antarctica (5)
QuikScat
Ocean wind measurements reveal two-way ocean-atmosphere interaction (8)
RadarSat
Nonuniform and dynamic ice streams in Antarctica (7)
Declining Arctic summer sea ice (7)
SRTM
Use of satellite-derived elevation data in hydrology (6)
First fine-resolution topography map (11)
Terra/Aqua
Distribution of tropospheric carbon monoxide, ozone precursor (5)
Mapping global fires (10)
Indirect effects of aerosols (4)
Global distribution of cloud properties (4)
Global climatology of aerosols (4)
Global marine and terrestrial primary productivity (9)
The carbon cycle (9)
TIROS
Weather imagery (2, 3)
Numerical weather prediction (3)
TOPEX/Poseidon
Global mean sea level (8)
Understanding ocean tides (8)
Westward propagating sea-surface height variability (8)
Discovery of internal tides and their contribution to ocean mixing (8)
El Niño (9)
TRMM
Precipitation over the oceans and the tropics (6)
Ligntning as source of tropospheric NOx (5)
UARS
Stratospheric ozone distribution (5)
Role of chloride in ozone depletion (5)
Transport and partitioning of chlorine species in stratosphere (5)
Depiction of tropical tape recorder (5)
NOTE: ERS = European Remote Sensing Satellite; GOME = Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment; GPS = Global Positioning System; GRACE = Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment; ICESat = Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite; NOAA = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; SRTM = Shuttle Radar Topography Mission; TIROS = Television InfraRed Observation Satellite; TOPEX = Topography Experiment; TRMM = Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission.
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