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Cancer Care for the Whole Patient: Meeting Psychosocial Health Needs
Index
A
Academic Chronic Care Collaborative, 202, 319, 365
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Index
A
Academic Chronic Care Collaborative, 202, 319, 365
Academy of Certified Social Workers, 302
Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine, 313
Accreditation, 14, 18, 268, 270, 277, 278, 283, 284, 289, 290, 291, 293, 297, 298, 301-302, 303, 304-305, 307, 308, 309, 311-312, 320, 321-322, 341, 374, 382, 384, 397
Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), 245, 294, 311, 313
Outcome Project, 293
Activities of daily living (ADLs)
assessment instruments, 172 n.12, 174, 336 n.1
defined, 29
family and informal supports, 260-261, 262-263
fatigue and 28, 29, 104
limitations in performing, 3, 23, 26, 28, 29, 82, 359, 364
personal care services, 10, 82, 104, 230, 236, 262-263, 364
policies supporting service availability, 260-263
provider workforce, 285
Adenocarcinoma, 30 n.7
Adherence to treatment regimens.
See also Illness self-management
case management and, 192-193
coordination of care and, 259
emotional distress and mental illness and, 3, 5, 37, 51, 52, 55, 57, 59, 60, 63 n.7, 204
material and logistical resources and, 34, 103
as outcome measure, 238, 364
psychological distress from nonadherence, 59, 63, 69
rates of nonadherence, 58, 68
Adjustment disorder, 3 n.2, 30, 56, 67, 95, 167, 332
Adjuvant therapy, 58, 92, 162, 196
Administration on Aging, 96 n.5, 137, 249, 263, 365
Adolescent cancer patients
developmental problems, 32-33
psychopharmacological services, 95
remote services, 229
Adult survivors of childhood cancer
chronic illness, 27
cognitive impairment, 27-28
employment problems, 36
functional limitations, 2, 29
information resources, 110
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psychological distress, 167
quality of care and quality of life, 2, 6, 42, 361, 372, 395-396, 402-403, 406
research recommendations, 398, 400
screening for psychosocial health needs, 167
smoking cessation, 99
Advance care planning, 157, 173
Advocacy. See Patient advocates and advocacy organizations
Aetna, 250
Affinity Health System, 243
Age of patients and caregivers, and need for services, 25-26
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 12, 13, 15, 18, 28, 29, 85, 195, 196, 198, 219, 239, 242, 270, 277, 321, 329-330, 340, 341, 371, 390, 392, 394, 395, 397, 398, 405
CAHPS, 16, 17, 243, 245, 248, 271, 272, 278, 339
Questions Are the Answer Campaign, 243, 245
Alcoholics Anonymous, 89
Alliance for the Mentally Ill of Greater Kansas City, 226
Alzheimer’s disease, 107
AMC Cancer Research Center, 127
America’s Health Insurance Plans, 17, 257, 340
American Academy of Family Physicians, 285
American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, 243
American Academy of Pediatrics, 285
American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 297, 298, 299
American Association of Pastoral Counselors, 309
American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM), 294
Maintenance of Certification Program for Family Physicians, 296
American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM), 293-294
Practice Improvement Module, 296
American Board of Medical Specialties, 268, 284-285, 295, 296
Maintenance of Certification initiative, 243, 245, 248
American Board of Pediatrics (ABP), 294, 295
American Board of Professional Psychology, 305
American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology, 295, 296
American Cancer Society (ACS), 4, 34, 89, 103, 108, 190, 194-195, 229, 230, 233, 267, 273, 303, 365, 385, 389, 391, 392, 394, 396, 400, 403
Cancer Reference Information, 109
Cancer Survivors Network, 125
Hope Lodge, 135
I Can Cope Program, 119
Look Good … Feel Better Program®, 112, 119, 129
Man-to-Man Program, 125
Navigator program, 223, 247
Reach to Recovery program, 88, 118, 126
Road to Recovery, 39, 136
American College of Physicians, 285
American College of Surgeons, 372, 385, 391, 394
Commission on Cancer, 13, 17, 200, 270, 277, 340, 365
American Institute of Cancer Research, 109, 119
American Medical Association, 250 n.5, 289
American Nurses Association, 300
American Nurses Credentialing Center, 300
American Psychiatric Association, 30, 285, 355, 356, 365
American Psychological Association, 251, 252, 286, 304, 306, 313, 355, 360, 365
American Psychosocial Oncology Society (APOS), 13, 17, 118, 206, 266, 277, 318, 340, 355, 365, 385, 389, 391
American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), 6, 13, 17, 34, 165-166, 239, 277, 285, 340, 365, 382, 385, 389, 391, 396
People Living With Cancer, 115, 228
Quality Oncology Practice Initiative, 271
American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, 285
Americans with Disabilities Act, 10, 104, 107, 264, 364, 393
Anthracycline chemotherapy, 102
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C
C3: Colorectal Cancer Coalition, 11
C-Change, 312, 314-315
Cancer.
See also Adult survivors of childhood cancer;
specific sites
and chronic illness, 26-27
prevalence, 2
psychological stress and incidence of, 63-64
reach and influence, 2-4, 24-26
survival rates, 2, 26, 66, 98, 100, 102, 107, 192, 363, 375, 388, 403
trajectories, 24, 25, 68
Cancer Action, 226, 227, 229
Cancer Hope Network, 127
Cancer Information and Counseling Line, 127
Cancer Information Service, 229, 230, 233, 235
Cancer Institute (Australia), 192
Cancer Legal Resource Center, 136, 265
Cancer Networks (UK), 203
Cancer Patient Need Questionnaire (CPNQ), 174-175, 177, 188
Cancer Patient Need Survey (CPNS), 174-175, 188
Cancer Rehabilitation Evaluation System (CARES), 174-175, 188, 358
Cancer Research and Prevention Foundation, 110
Cancer Support Network, 224-225
Cancer Survival Toolbox, 164, 243, 245
Cancer Survivors Network, 125
CancerCare, 4, 33-34, 39, 89, 103, 108, 110, 118, 120, 128, 133, 134, 137, 229, 230, 232, 233, 267, 318, 373
Candlelighters Childhood Cancer Foundation, 110
Cardiovascular disease, 3 n.2, 4 n.3, 24, 27, 33 n.9, 35, 37, 52, 54, 55 n.3, 56, 57, 58, 61, 62-63, 65, 94, 96, 100, 202, 233, 251, 330, 334, 336, 358
Care coordination.
See also Case management;
Collocation and integration of services;
Referral for psychosocial health services
competency of providers and, 287, 299, 303, 310, 313, 314
complexity of services and, 260
definition, 195
demonstration projects, 248, 259, 384, 392
economics of, 238, 256, 258
effectiveness, 98, 195-196, 198-199, 207, 225, 241
information technology and, 197-198, 201, 314, 395
mechanisms for, 155-157, 197-198, 203, 222-223, 227, 228, 336-337
Medicare program, 172, 191, 246, 248, 253-254, 255-258, 259, 274-275
multidisciplinary team care, 155-157, 195, 197
recommendations of prior reports, 379, 381, 384, 386, 387, 391, 392, 395, 405
reimbursement policies, 12, 241, 242, 246, 248, 250, 253-258, 268, 274-275, 276, 337, 384
research needs, 333, 336-337, 338
as standard of care, 7, 8, 9, 15, 41, 153, 154, 158, 199, 203, 220, 222
workforce supply and, 287
written care plans, 173
Care management. See Case management
Care/system navigators, 114, 190, 193-195, 196, 197, 223, 247, 254, 257-258, 260, 285, 287-288, 303, 314, 315, 316, 334, 336, 337, 388
Caregivers. See Families and caregivers
Case management
competency of providers, 299, 303, 315, 316
components, 199
demonstration projects, 259
depression, 154, 191, 205
effectiveness, 191-193, 196, 197
free services, 135
for high-cost beneficiaries, 256, 259
model programs and examples, 155, 157, 201, 205, 206, 207, 222
recommendations of prior reports, 384
reimbursement policies, 246, 249, 256, 257, 259
research needs, 227
training, 316
transportation issues, 39
workforce, 285, 287
Catholic Charities, 226
Center for Patient Partnerships, 236
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 260, 263, 366, 380, 392, 394, 396, 404
BRFSS, 16, 339
National Comprehensive Cancer Control Program, 200
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), 12, 13, 17, 18, 219, 239, 242, 259, 277, 321, 339, 340, 341, 372, 392.
See also Medicaid;
Medicare
Central nervous system cancers, 36
Charlson Comorbidity index, 168 n.6
Chemotherapy, 3, 24, 26, 28, 58, 102, 105, 196, 227, 228, 251, 271
Child care services, 34, 102, 132, 133, 172 n.12, 194, 336 n.3, 354, 357
Children. See Adolescent cancer patients;
Adult survivors of childhood cancer;
Pediatric cancer patients
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 307
Chronic Care Model, 155, 201-202, 358, 373
Chronic Disease Self-Management Program, 96
CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), 15, 84, 85, 330, 363
Clinical practice guidelines
Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Psychosocial Care of Adults with Cancer, 156, 203, 354, 380, 381, 383, 385, 389
inadequacies in, 41
incorporating tested interventions in, 92
NCCN Distress Management, 155, 169, 202-203, 356, 357, 379, 380, 382, 386, 389, 391
needs assessment, 171 n.10
psychopharmacological services, 95
recommendations of prior reports, 379-383, 385, 386, 389, 391, 395, 398
Clinical trials
design, 89, 91, 93, 94, 392
evidence of intervention effectiveness from, 92, 94, 101
information on, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 134
needs assessment instruments, 174
palliative care in, 403
recommendations, 392
referrals to, 128, 134
Clinician and Group Survey Instruments, 243
Cochrane Collaboration, 191
Cognitive-behavioral therapy, 92, 93, 95, 96, 99, 100.
See also Behavioral change interventions
Cognitive impairment
in adults, 27-28, 104-105, 331
breast cancer and, 27-28, 104-105
in children, 27, 105-106
effectiveness of services, 104-106, 331
emotional distress/mental illness and, 5, 58-59
services to address, 10, 82, 104-106, 264-265
Collaborative care model, 204-205
Collaborative Care of Depression, 156
Collocation and integration of services, 158, 190, 195 n.17, 196, 201
approaches, 220-225
communication between providers, 193, 221
economics of, 238
education and training of clinicians and, 14, 41, 283, 310, 320, 322
effectiveness, 193, 221, 241, 336-337
mental health clinicians, 13, 268
recommendations of prior reports, 384, 399
and reimbursement policies, 241, 267-268, 275, 276-277
Colon cancer, 24, 30 n.7, 94, 110, 127
Colon Cancer Alliance, 110, 127
Colorectal cancer, 28, 110, 194, 272
Colorectal Cancer Network, 110
Commission of Rehabilitation Counselor Certification, 308
Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education, 297
Commission on Rehabilitation Education, 308
Commission on the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs, 308
Communication. See Patient–provider communication
Communities
effects of failure to address psychosocial needs of patients on, 67, 68
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Community Cancer Centers Pilot Program, 195, 198, 403
Community care, 6, 44, 374
Community Tracking Study Household Survey, 35
Comprehensive Breast Cancer program, 168 n.6
Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System (CHESS), 232-233, 235-236
Congestive heart failure, 27, 196, 202
Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials, 91, 94
Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS), 16, 17, 243, 245, 248, 271, 272, 278, 339
Coping skills
avoidant, 60-61
and health behaviors, 52, 57, 58, 60, 61
and information needs and resources, 10, 38, 82, 87, 113, 115, 116, 117, 119, 121, 123, 364
interventions, 10, 82, 88-95, 96, 106, 127, 309
logistical resources and, 39
and morbidity and mortality, 64, 66
needs assessment, 174, 188, 251, 336 n.1
physiological effects, 66, 334
positive mechanisms, 60
provider competency issues, 292, 300, 301, 318
psychological stress and, 5, 52, 54-55, 60, 88-95
screening instruments, 166, 172 n.12
social supports and, 53, 88, 89, 90, 127
with treatment and cancer effects, 24-25, 26, 357
Coronary artery disease, 62, 65
Council on Social Work Education, 301, 302, 303
Counselors
licensed, 93, 226, 283, 284, 286, 303, 304 n.18, 308
pastoral, 284, 286, 309, 374
peer, 110, 127
workforce, 286
CureSearch, 110
D
Dane County Latino Health Council, 236
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 168 n.6
Decision making on treatment
aids, 15, 86, 87, 112, 113, 118-119, 121, 123, 162-163, 164, 235, 311
competency of professional, 298, 310, 314, 317, 333, 337
coordination/integration of care and, 192, 198, 201, 204, 205
older adults, 26
and outcomes, 161-162, 358, 384-385
patient preferences, 11, 26, 86, 160, 161, 176, 184
patient–provider communication and, 159, 160-162, 163, 238, 243, 271, 333, 337
support services, 85, 86, 203, 233, 235, 405
Definitions. See Nomenclature standardization
Delivery of psychosocial health services.
See also Clinical practice guidelines
ambulatory care setting, 13, 18, 41, 44 n.19, 198, 221, 224, 228, 243, 251, 270, 271, 272, 277, 284, 292, 337, 340
approaches, 220-236
common components, 154, 155-157, 242
coordinating psychosocial and biomedical care, see Care coordination
for depression, 204-206
empirically validated models, 153-159, 201-207
examples, see Standard of care
follow-up, 8, 99, 116, 154, 155-157, 158, 169, 172, 173, 194, 197, 199, 201, 204, 205, 206, 222, 223, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 232, 242, 246, 255, 256, 257, 258, 271, 275, 375, 382, 383, 386, 387, 392, 395, 396
identifying patients with needs, 83, 153, 154, 164-173, 242, 246, 249-253;
See also Needs assessment;
Screening psychosocial problems
interventions for, see Psychosocial interventions
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linking patients to services, 83, 98, 190-195, 242, 246;
See also Care/system navigators;
Case management;
Collocation and integration of services;
Referral for psychosocial health services
with local resources, 98, 225-229
monitoring progress, 16-18
patient–provider communication, 159-164, 243-249
payment and policy environment and, 6, 12-13, 41;
See also Reimbursement policies
planning care, 157, 173, 246
policy supports, see Policy supports and constraints
recommended demonstration and evaluation of approaches, 12, 17, 238-239
remote providers, 229-236
research needs, 93-94, 333-337
self-management support, see Illness self-management
standard-of-care recommendation, 199-200
supportive and palliative care for adults, 203-204
unifying model for, 7-8, 154, 158-199
Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 16, 17, 18, 321, 339, 340-341, 365, 366, 384, 397
Department of Veterans Affairs, 247, 373
Depression
in caregivers and family members, 4, 31, 32, 67
case management, 191, 205
chronic diseases and, 3 n.2, 56, 61-62
and cognitive impairment, 5, 58-59, 105
collaborative care model, 204-205
community effects of, 68
competency/expertise of clinicians, 267-268, 300, 301
and coping abilities, 54, 57
delivery of services for, 94, 191, 196, 204-206, 363
and disease development, 61-62, 64
effectiveness of services and interventions, 7, 81, 90, 91, 92-93, 94-95, 154, 191, 196, 204, 206, 332-333
and financial pressures, 4, 33 n.9, 55 n.3, 68
and functional impairment and disability, 5, 57
and health behaviors, 5, 37, 52, 57, 58, 59, 204
health services for, 69, 88, 95, 196, 301
and immunocompetence, 63, 64, 65
insurance coverage, 250, 256, 268
medications, 94-95
and morbidity and mortality, 52, 61-62, 63, 64
patient–provider communication and, 161, 315
and physical symptoms, 5, 57, 62
prevalence in cancer patients, 1, 30, 56-57, 62
prevention, 95
provider failure to recognize and address, 5, 23, 40, 165
psychological stress and, 1, 54, 61-62
quality-of-care measures, 270, 271, 272, 363, 364
recommendations of prior reports, 372, 381, 388, 392
research methods and needs, 332-333, 392
screening and assessment, 154, 156, 157, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 192, 203, 204, 226, 247, 250, 354, 381, 392
social supports and, 54
in survivors post-treatment, 388
treatment models for primary care settings, 204-206
Derdiarian Informational Needs Assessment (DINQ), 178-179, 189
Developmental problems, 32-33
Diabetes, 3, 4, 24, 33 n.9, 35, 37, 52, 55 n.3, 56, 58, 65, 86, 94, 96, 191, 196, 198, 202, 251, 258, 259, 272, 319, 330, 334, 336, 358
Diabetes Self-Management Assessment Tool, 334
Diet and nutrition, 5, 15, 52, 57, 58, 60, 61, 98, 100-102, 109, 111, 114, 117, 119, 169, 338, 355
Disability
age and, 26
competency of service providers, 299, 305, 401
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delivery of support services, 201, 404
and depression, 5, 57, 62
emotional distress and mental illness and, 57, 59-60
and employment, 389
financial assistance, 10, 266, 364
financial stress and, 55
formal support services, 10, 82, 104, 107, 108, 135, 264, 265, 266, 364
functional, 3, 5, 26, 52, 59-60;
See also Activities of daily living
legal protections, 10, 82, 104, 107, 264, 265, 364, 393
likelihood in cancer patients, 23, 24-25, 26-28, 68
peer support programs, 89
psychosocial factors, 2, 4, 5, 55, 57, 59-60
self-management programs, 96, 358
treatment-related, 26, 68
Discrimination, 33, 356, 388
Disfigurement, 33, 89
Distress Thermometer, 166-167, 168-169, 170, 230, 334
E
Education. See Informational support;
Patient and family education
Education and training in biopsychosocial approaches.
See also specific types of providers
accreditation and licensure standards, 283, 289-290, 291-292, 297, 298, 301-302, 304-305, 308, 311-312
barriers to, 40-41, 308, 310-319
communication skills, 163-164, 311, 315, 317-318
core competencies, 290-291, 297, 299, 307-308, 311-316, 319-320
current practice environment and, 310-311
faculty needs, 316
gender, ethnic, and behavioral considerations, 292
interactive, multicomponent program, 318
interdisciplinary, experiential, statewide program, 318-319
learning collaborative, 319
licensure, 14, 254, 255, 283, 285, 286, 289, 291-292, 296, 298, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 312, 316, 320, 321-322, 374
monitoring progress in, 18, 291, 309, 320, 340-341
recommendations, 13-14, 18, 283-284, 320-322
specialty certification, 14, 18, 225, 245, 248, 268, 283, 284, 285, 286, 293-294, 296, 300-301, 302-303, 305-306, 307, 308, 309, 316, 320, 321-322, 341, 390, 391
teaching practices, 316-319
Effectiveness research
agenda, 330-333
behavioral change interventions, 7, 98-102
challenges, 330-331
cognitive and educational assistance, 104-106
committee approach, 83, 353-370
CONSORT criteria, 91, 95
counseling and psychotherapy, 91-94
family and caregiver support, 106-107
identifying effective services, 331, 360-363, 365-366
on information support, 85-87
legal protections and services, 107-108
material and logistical resources, 7, 102-103
mental health therapies, 7, 81, 88-95, 154, 191, 196, 204, 206, 332-333
needs, 93-94, 95
outcomes of interest, 90, 91, 101-102, 107, 363-365
on peer support groups, 38, 84, 88-90, 99
personal care services, 104
populations and scenarios, 331-332
psychopharmacological services, 94-95, 332-333
recommendations, 12, 17, 85, 238-239
robustness of methods, 332-333
self-management and self-care interventions, 95-98
taxonomy and nomenclature issues, 83-85
Electronic health records, 197-198
EMBASE, 15, 84, 85, 330, 363
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Emotional distress and mental illness.
See also Coping skills;
Depression;
Psychological stress
and cognitive impairment, 5, 28, 58-59
economic costs of, 68
effects on cancer patients, 56-60
financial pressures and, 56
and health behavior, 3, 5, 57-58
insurance coverage, 261-267
and motivation, 5, 59-60
needs and services, 10
physical stressors and, 24-25
screening for, 168
and somatic problems, 5, 24-25, 28, 56-60, 94
Emotional support.
See also Peer support programs;
Psychotherapy and counseling
beneficial effects, 8, 53, 54, 66, 88-95, 107
competency of providers, 314
counseling and psychotherapy, 10, 91-94
defined, 53
effectiveness of services, 7, 81, 88-95, 154, 191, 196, 204, 206, 332-333
for families and caregivers, 106, 107
formal services, 92, 93, 94, 158, 231
free services, 125-132
health services, 82, 83, 241
informal sources, 83, 90, 261
information resources, 114, 115, 125-132
pharmacological therapies, 10, 94-95
remote providers, 229, 232-233, 235
Employee Assistance Programs, 249
Employment changes, 3, 10, 29, 33, 34, 35, 36-37, 39, 57, 67-68, 82, 114, 314, 359, 365, 375, 383, 385
Empowering Older People to Take Control of Their Health Through Evidence-Based Prevention Programs, 96 n.5, 249
End-stage renal disease, 58, 59, 206
European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire, 358
Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology, 305, 307
Exercise/physical activity, 355, 358
assessment/monitoring, 82, 169, 364
benefits of, 28, 101-102, 106-107
and depression, 5, 57
information resources, 109, 114, 224
interventions, 10, 15, 95, 98, 100-102, 106-107, 224, 226, 338
as performance measure, 271
psychological stress and, 52, 60, 61
as response to cancer diagnosis, 57-58
F
Facing Our Risk for Cancer Empowerment, 110, 127
FAMCARE, 182-183, 189
Families and caregivers
depression in, 4, 31, 32, 67
effectiveness of services, 106-107
morbidity and mortality in, 4, 32, 67
needs assessment, 172, 182-187
nomenclature, 43
provider communication with, 159
psychological stress in, 31-32, 66, 67, 98
screening instruments, 169-170
support services, 10, 82, 106-107, 137, 262-263
value of nonreimbursed care, 21-32, 260-261, 263, 265, 267
Family and Medical Leave Act, 10, 82, 104, 107, 264, 364, 393
Family Inventory of Needs, 184-185, 189
Fatigue in cancer patients
ADL limitations, 28, 29, 104
assessment instruments, 167, 224, 226, 335
assistance services, 104
caregiver’s mental health and, 4, 31
competency of service providers, 300
definition of, 28
emotional distress and mental illness and, 5, 24-25, 28, 56-60, 94
information resources, 113
and management of illness and health, 37
mechanisms and manifestations, 28
pain and, 29
physical activity and, 101
prevalence rates, 28
psychosocial effects of, 28, 29, 364
treatment/management of, 28, 92, 96-97, 101, 113, 336, 358, 364, 372
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fertileHope, 111
Financial stress.
See also Health insurance clinical practice guidelines, 203
and illness management, 55
medical debt, 33-34, 39, 55
problems of patients and families, 3, 4, 33-34, 37, 55-56
support services, 7, 10, 34-35, 82, 85, 108, 110, 111, 114, 119, 132-135, 194, 227, 229, 264-265, 266-267
uninsured patients, 35, 55
Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy, 358
G
Geisinger Health System, 243
Gilda’s Clubs, 89, 120, 128, 229
H
Head and neck cancers, 30 n.7, 36, 99, 116, 131
Health behaviors.
See also Adherence to treatment regimens;
Behavioral change interventions;
Diet and nutrition;
Exercise/physical activity
coping skills and, 60
depression and, 5, 37, 52, 57, 58, 59, 204
financial stress and, 34, 55
screening for, 168
self-efficacy and, 38, 59, 66, 87
Health care providers.
See also Education and training in biopsychosocial approaches;
Workforce;
specific types of providers
information resources for, 115
knowledge of psychosocial resources, 5-6, 7, 11
recommendations for, 10-11, 237
Health insurance.
See also Reimbursement policies
absent or inadequate coverage, 3, 4, 34, 37, 55-56, 237, 261-267
and access to care, 261-268
accreditation standards, 268
capitated payment, 257
and delay in treatment, 34
and emotional/physical well-being, 56
incentives for effective delivery of services, 13, 16, 41
legislation, 267
monitoring progress, 17
recommendations, 12-13, 17, 275-277
research needs, 337
resources, 10, 85, 108, 110, 111, 114, 264-265
Health maintenance organizations, 190, 250
Health Resources and Services Administration, 321, 373, 396, 406
Health services. See Psychosocial health services
Health services research agenda
comprehensive illness and wellness management interventions, 336
improving patient–provider partnership, 333
linking patients with services and coordinating care, 336-337
needs assessment, 335-336
reimbursement arrangements, 337
screening tools, 334-335
Healthplan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS), 271
Hershey Medical Center, 318
Hill-Burton Program, 133, 267
HIV/AIDS, 3, 52, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 89, 90, 93, 191, 233
Hodgkin’s disease, 30 n.7
Home Care Study-Caretaker Form (HCS-CF), 184-185, 189
Home Care Study-Patient Form (HCS-PF), 176-177, 188
Home Caregiver Need Survey (HCNS), 184-185, 189
Hope Lodge, 135
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), 167, 168, 169
Housing, 135
I
I Can Cope Program, 119
Illness self-management
case management and, 192-193
definitions, 84, 95, 195, 357-358
effective models of care delivery, 96-97, 155-157, 201, 202, 204, 205, 221, 223, 224, 313, 376
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health behaviors and, 169
informational support and, 86, 95, 231-232, 233
need for services, 10, 364
patient–provider communication and, 37
policy support for, 248, 258, 259
research needs, 336
screening tools and approaches, 334
self-efficacy and, 38, 59, 88, 89, 95
social supports and, 55
Stanford model, 96, 358
support programs, 10, 38, 82, 86, 95-98, 106, 195, 204, 221, 223, 224, 249, 275, 357-358
Immune function, 5, 51, 52, 54, 61, 64-66, 101, 333
Improving Chronic Illness Care program, 202
Improving Mood—Promoting Access to Collaborative Treatment for Late-Life Depression (IMPACT) project, 157, 205-206
Improving Supportive and Palliative Care for Adults with Cancer, 156, 203-204
Income. See Employment changes;
Financial stress
Individual Cancer Assistance Network, 318
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 107, 265
Information and Support Needs Questionnaire, 186-187, 189
Information Needs Measure, 180-181, 189
Informational support.
See also Patient and family education
availability, 81, 82, 85-86, 109-117, 262-263
benefits of, 53, 86, 87, 95
decision-support tools, 87, 112
definition, 53
dissatisfaction with, 5, 37-38
effectiveness of, 38, 85-87
free sources on psychosocial health services, 81, 82, 85-86, 109-117
Internet, 87, 109-117
methods of delivery, 38, 86-87, 88
needs, 3-4, 10, 11, 37, 38, 82, 85, 87
for providers, 11, 197-198, 201, 314, 395
Institute for Healthcare Communication, 164, 243, 245
Institute for Healthcare Improvement, 202
Instrumental support, defined, 53
Insulin-like growth factor, 102
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3, 102
Interferon, 95
International Association of Laryngectomees, 111
International Myeloma Foundation, 111, 121, 123
J
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, 13, 18, 274, 277, 278, 340, 397
Speak Up™ initiatives, 245
K
Kaiser Permanente, 243, 373
Kansas City Cancer Center, 225-227
Kansas City Community Foundation, 227
Kansas City Free Health Clinic, 226
Kidney Cancer Association, 111, 121
L
Lance Armstrong Foundation, 111, 128, 134, 230, 273, 274, 366
Legal Information Network for Cancer, 265
Legal protections and services, 10, 38, 82, 104, 107-108, 136, 159, 264-265, 356, 359, 383, 385, 388, 389
Lehigh Valley-Allentown Cooperative Cancer Center, 318
Leukemia, 24, 30 n.7, 36, 89, 112, 121, 128, 133
acute lymphoblastic, 27, 105, 251, 267, 366
Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, 89, 112, 121, 128, 133, 267, 366
Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME), 289-290
Liver cancer, 30 n.7
LIVESTRONG Survivorship Center of Excellence Network, 274
LiveStrong® Survivorship Notebook, 227
Living Beyond Breast Cancer, 118, 122, 128
Living with Breast Cancer program, 236
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Long-term care, 201
Look Good … Feel Better Program®, 112, 119, 228
Lung cancer, 28, 30 n.7, 94, 98, 112, 114, 129, 330
Lung Cancer Alliance, 112, 129
Lung disease, chronic, 37, 52, 56, 57, 58, 96, 336, 358
Lustgarten Foundation for Pancreatic Cancer Research, 113
Lymphoma, 27 n.4, 28, 30 n.7, 36, 89, 112, 118, 121, 122, 128, 129, 133, 134, 136, 366
Lymphoma Foundation of America, 112, 118, 122, 129, 136
Lymphoma Research Foundation, 112, 122, 129, 134
M
MacArthur Initiative on Depression and Primary Care, 205
Man-to-Man Program, 125
Management of illness. See Illness self-management
Management of psychosocial stressors
health care system deficits, 40-42
information and education deficits, 37-38
knowledge and skills of health professionals and, 37-38
logistical resources, 39-40
obstacles to, 37-42
Mastery, 52, 107
Material and logistical resources, 7, 10, 82, 102-103, 137, 168, 194, 227.
See also Financial stress;
Transportation for patients and families
Maternal and Child Health Programs for Children with Special Health Care Needs, 247
Mayo Clinic, 373
Medicaid, 13, 81, 103, 104, 228, 242, 243, 244, 248, 262, 264, 266
Early Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment, 246, 264
Medical Outcomes Short Form (SF-8), 168 n.6
Medical Outcomes Study, 358
Medical supplies, 262-263
Medicare.
See also Reimbursement policies
assistance in negotiating care from, 135
care coordination program, 172, 191, 257-258, 259
Care Management for High-Cost Beneficiaries, 259
claims paid, 253
coverage for psychosocial services, 13, 17, 35 n.12, 104, 228, 241, 249-250, 257-258, 260, 261, 262, 264, 266, 340
Health Outcomes Survey, 272
Health Support Demonstration, 259
monitoring quality of care, 397
payment rates, 254, 256
Physician Group Practice Demonstration, 259
prescription drug benefit, 393
relative value units, 255
technology assessment and coverage, 242
Melanoma, 30 n.7, 97, 113, 271
Melanoma Research Foundation, 113
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 313, 317, 373
Men Against Breast Cancer, 123
Mental health providers.
See also Counselors;
Psychologists
education and training, 303-309
workforce supply, 288
Mental illness. See Depression;
Emotional distress and mental illness
Metabolic syndrome, 102
Methylphenidate, 105
Metro CARE, 226
Moffitt Cancer Center, 268, 373
Moores Cancer Center, 222-224, 229
Motivation, 5, 28, 57-58, 59-60, 88, 206, 369
Mucositis, 97
Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation, 113, 123
N
National Association of Social Workers, 286, 302, 303, 318
National Board for Certified Counselors, 308
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National Breast Cancer Centre (Australia), 95
National Cancer Control Initiative (Australia), 92, 95
National Cancer Institute, 11, 12, 13, 16, 17, 113, 160, 161, 163-164, 219, 237, 239, 242, 260, 263, 277, 330, 338, 339, 385, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 403
Cancer Information Service, 229, 230, 233, 235
Community Cancer Centers Pilot Program, 195, 198, 403
Metathesaurus, 84
Outcomes Research Branch, 273
Patient Navigation Research Program, 194-195
Physician Data Query, 204
Quality of Cancer Care Initiative, 200
Research Symposium on Consumer–Provider Communication, 245
website, 233
National Cancer Plan (UK), 203
National Coalition for Cancer Survivorship, 114, 123, 366, 385
National Committee for Quality Assurance, 13, 17-18, 274, 277, 278, 340, 397
National Comprehensive Cancer Network, 12, 17, 95, 154, 200, 277, 340, 366
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Distress Management, 155, 169, 202-203, 356, 357, 379, 380, 382, 386, 389, 391
Distress Thermometer, 166-167, 168-169, 170, 230, 334, 357
National Council Licensure Examination, 298
National Council of State Boards of Nursing, 298, 301
National Family Caregiver Support Program, 137
National Health Care Quality Report, 272
National Health Information Infrastructure, 197
National Health Interview Survey, 27, 29, 36, 334
National Health Service (UK), 197
National Institute for Clinical Evidence, 172, 203
National Institutes of Health, 6, 15, 16, 17, 18, 23, 43, 85, 321, 329, 338, 340, 341, 353, 355, 372, 394, 399
Medical Scientist Training Program, 401
Office of Behavioral and Social Science Research, 42, 289
PROMIS initiative, 335
National Latino Cancer Research Network, 236
National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission, 297, 298
National Library of Medicine. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), 15, 24 n.3, 84, 85, 330, 363
National Lung Cancer Partnership, 114
National Lymphedema Network, 114
National Ovarian Cancer Coalition, 114, 129
National Prostate Cancer Coalition, 114
National Quality Forum, 13, 17, 270, 272, 274, 277, 278, 340, 366, 397
National Survey of U.S. Households Affected by Cancer, 5-6, 34, 35, 38, 40, 55
Nausea/vomiting, 92, 96
Need Evaluation Questionnaire, 176-177, 188
Need Satisfaction Scale, 186-187, 189
Needs assessment
caregivers, 182-187
case management, 192
definition, 171
domain comparison across instruments, 173, 188-189
effectiveness, 154, 165, 172
follow-up, 154, 169, 172, 199
instruments, 172-173, 174-189, 335-336
model programs, 156, 157
and patient–provider communication, 172
policy supports and barriers to, 247, 251-253
research needs, 173, 335-336
screening contrasted, 171
stage-specific, 180-183
Needs Near the End-of-Life Care Screening Tool (NEST), 182-183, 189
Needy Meds, 114
New Freedom Commission on Mental Health, 288
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New York Legal Assistance Group, 107, 108
Nomenclature standardization
committee definitions, 43-44, 359-360, 363
conceptual framework, 355-359
confounding in research, 44, 363
defining psychosocial services, 43-44, 353-360
DMS-IV-TR, 355-357
in effectiveness research, 83-85, 363
existing definitions, 254-255
face validity of, 359
“fatigue,” 29
health-related quality of life, 358-359
illness self-management programs, 97, 98, 357-358
monitoring progress in, 18
NCCN, 357-358
recommendation, 14-15, 18, 85, 98
North American Brain Tumor Coalition, 115
Northland CARE, 226
Nurse Licensure Compact Agreement, 300
Nurse practitioners, 220, 225, 226, 227, 250 n.5, 254, 255, 286, 297, 300, 301, 388
Nurses
associate and baccalaureate education, 297-298
delivery of interventions, 41 n.18, 89, 96, 97-98, 99, 190, 192, 194, 224, 226
faculty, 316
licensure, 298, 300
registered, 296-301
reimbursement policies, 247, 249, 254
specialty certification and continued competency, 300-301
workforce, 286, 288
Nursing care, 106
Nutrition. See Diet and nutrition
O
Older adults
communication with providers, 159, 162
depression, 56-57
developmental problems, 32
immune response to stress, 65
need for services, 25-26, 254
Older Americans Act, 81, 104, 247
Oncology Nursing Certification Corporation, 300
Oncology Nursing Society, 13, 17, 34, 277, 286, 340, 366, 382, 385, 389, 391
Optimism, 52, 60
Oral Cancer Foundation, 115, 130
Osteopenia/osteoporosis, 100
Outcome Project, 293
Ovarian cancer, 66, 114, 115, 129
Ovarian Cancer National Alliance, 115
Overweight/obesity, 100
P
PACE (Patient Assessment, Care, and Education), 169
Pain
age and coping with, 26
assessment of, 167, 172 n.12, 182, 188-189, 224, 226, 251, 271, 314-315, 335, 336 n.1, 357
competency and education of health professionals, 300, 301, 306, 310, 314, 318
effectiveness of interventions, 92, 96, 364
emotional distress and mental illness and, 5, 25, 30, 57, 59, 62, 231
and fatigue, 29
information resources, 86, 113, 224-225, 231
and limitations in ADLs, 29, 104
and management of stressors, 37, 38
in pediatric patients, 251
psychosocial effects, 25, 29
treatment/management, 29, 60, 86, 92, 96-97, 107, 113, 196, 220, 224-225, 300, 301, 306, 310, 314, 336, 358, 372
Palliative care, 6-7, 43, 114, 180, 182, 183, 203, 206, 224, 296, 303, 313, 355, 399, 403
Palliative Care Assessment, 180-181, 189
Pancreatic cancer, 30 n.7, 113, 115, 119, 124, 130
Pancreatic Cancer Action Network, 115, 119, 124, 130
Partners in Care, 157, 206
Patient Advocate Foundation, 128, 134, 135, 267
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Patient advocates and advocacy organizations, 11, 89, 164, 193, 237, 238, 257.
See also individual organizations
Patient and Caregiver Education program, 113
Patient and family education.
See also Informational support
free services, 119-125, 229
interventions, 10, 87, 89, 97, 10, 106, 194, 227, 232, 234
monitoring progress in, 16-17, 339
providers, 220
recommendations, 11, 237-238
reimbursement policies, 248
Patient and Liaison Services, 115
Patient Care Monitor, 166, 169, 170, 224, 334
Patient Health Questionnaire, 167, 168 n.6, 226, 250
Patient information. See Informational support
Patient Information Need Questionnaire, 178-179, 189
Patient Navigation Research Program, 194-195
Patient Needs Assessment Tool, 176-177, 188
Patient–provider communication.
See also Decision making on treatment
barriers to, 40-41
coached care, 162
cross-cultural, 244-245, 315
current, 160-161
and depression, 161, 315
effective model for, 159-164
and illness self-management, 37, 97
importance, 161-162
interactive videos, 162-163
interventions to improve, 97, 114, 162-163, 243-245
key aspects, 159-160
needs assessment and, 172
passive patients, 161
performance measures, 272
policy support, 243-245, 248-249
poor or lack of, 3-4, 5, 37, 38, 40
promoting behavioral change, 98, 99
remote resources, 230, 231
research needs, 161, 333
training providers in, 163-164, 311, 315, 317-318
Pediatric cancer patients.
See also Adult survivors of childhood cancer
cognitive impairment, 27
communication with providers, 159
developmental problems, 32-33, 332
and health outcomes, 161-162
information resources, 110
psychological stress in families and caregivers, 31, 59, 169-170
PTSD/PTSS in, 54
research needs, 331, 332
school re-entry and reintegration programs, 105-106, 265, 331
screening and needs assessment, 169-170, 246
social functioning, 33
Peer support programs
availability, 4, 10, 38, 82, 262-263, 364
competency of providers, 312
components and uses, 88-90
counseling services, 98, 99, 118, 374
defined, 88
delivery of services, 232
effectiveness, 38, 84, 88-90, 99
emotional support services, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131
information resources, 38, 110, 112, 232
nomenclature/terminology issue, 84
outcome measures, 89
provider involvement, 89
provider knowledge of and referrals to, 38, 232
provider workforce, 284
research needs, 90
transportation issues, 39, 55
virtual, 87, 90, 232
Pennsylvania Cancer Control Program, 318
People Living With Cancer, 115, 228
Performance measurement
adopted/endorsed, 271-272
ensuring use of, 270, 272
as incentive, 274
infrastructure, 274
instruments and initiatives, 243, 269-272
leadership role, 273-274, 278
mental health care, 269-270
patient–provider communication, 243
monitoring progress in, 340
in quality oversight, 13, 18, 242, 269-274, 277, 340
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Psychosocial health services.
See also Collocation and integration of services;
Delivery of psychosocial health services;
Effectiveness research;
Psychosocial interventions;
individual services
availability, 7-8, 81-83, 108-138, 260-261, 262-267, 379-380
deficiencies, 5-6
definition, 9, 43-44, 69, 82-83, 359-360
diversity, 82-83
evidence of, effectiveness 7, 81, 85-108
examples of needs and services, 10
free programs, 118-138
importance, 8-9, 66, 68-69
interventions to secure services, 69;
See also Care/system navigators;
Case management;
Referral for psychosocial services;
Screening psychosocial problems
provider knowledge and attitudes about, 5-6, 7, 11, 40, 41
utilization rates, 190
workforce shortages and maldistribution, 41
Psychosocial interventions.
See also Care coordination;
Needs assessment;
Referral for psychosocial services;
Screening psychosocial problems
common components, 7
constraints on, 242-259
defined, 9, 354-355
informational, see Informational support needs, 82
Psychosocial Needs Inventory, 178-179, 188
Psychosocial Screen for Cancer, 170-171
Psychosocial services, defined, 9, 84, 354
Psychosocial stressors, 2.
See also Emotional distress and mental illness;
Psychological stress;
Social problems
effects on community, 67-68
effects on families, 67
effects on patients, 53-60
obstacles to managing, 37-42
physical, 3, 4-5, 26-29
Psychosocial support, defined, 354
Psychosomatic medicine, 13, 268, 276, 291, 295, 313
Psychotherapy and counseling.
See also Peer support programs
availability, 118, 262-263
child and adolescent, 88 n.1, 108-109
cognitive-behavioral, 92, 93
competency of providers, 94
effectiveness, 91-94, 106
family and couples, 93
free programs, 118
interpersonal, 92-93
remote resources, 93-94
research needs, 93-94
supportive, 92-93, 98
utilization rates, 192
PsycINFO, 15, 84, 85, 330, 363
PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version, 167
Q
Quality improvement initiatives, 200, 206, 268.
See also Performance measurement
Quality of Cancer Care Initiative, 200
Quality of care.
See also Performance measurement;
Standard of care
measurement, 269-270
needs assessment, 172
oversight, 1, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 41, 44, 241, 277, 288, 309, 320, 338, 340
status of, 269
Quality of life
conceptual models, 356, 358-359
effectiveness of interventions, 60, 92, 96, 101, 192, 202, 206, 235-236
information resources, 117, 120, 122
interventions, 393
logistical and material resources and, 103
outcome measure, 101, 332, 382, 392, 396
provider education issues, 299, 300, 318, 390
psychosocial stressors, 56
research needs, 400
screening and assessment, 169, 170, 171 n.10, 172, 192, 224, 334, 335, 358-359
Quality of Life Breast Cancer Instrument, 358
Questions Are the Answer Campaign, 243, 245
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R
Radiotherapy, 3, 26, 58, 97, 105, 196, 221, 225
RAND Corporation, 202
Reach to Recovery program, 88, 118, 126
Recommendations
access to care, 394
to assure provision of services, 379-380
caregiver (informal) support, 387-388
for continuity of care, 382-384
coordination of care, 386
data systems, 394-395
demonstration and evaluation of delivery approaches, 12, 17, 238-239
employment, 388-389
health care providers, 10-11, 237
illness self-management, 385
monitoring progress in delivery of services, 16-18
nomenclature standardization, 14-15, 18, 85
palliative care, 403
patient and family education, 11, 16-17, 237-238, 385
patient-centered care, 381
of prior reports, 6-7, 379-406
public education, 386
public health, 404
for quality improvement, 382, 395-396, 404-406
quality measurement, 397-398
quality oversight, 13, 17-18, 277-278
reimbursement policies, 12-13, 17, 233-239, 241-242, 275-277, 386-387, 404
research and demonstrations, 14, 15-16, 320-330, 337-338, 391-393, 398-400, 404
standard of care, 9, 16, 199-200
workforce education and training, 13-14, 18, 320-322, 389-391, 401-403
Referral for psychosocial health services, 5, 9, 69, 113, 118, 120, 129, 136, 155, 156, 166, 171, 190-191, 193, 194, 203, 221, 229, 254, 300, 319, 336, 360, 384, 385, 386, 388, 389, 391, 396
Reimbursement policies
capitated payments, 257, 275
for care coordination, 12, 241, 242, 246, 248, 250, 253-254, 255-258, 268, 274-275, 276, 337, 384
for case management, 246, 249, 256, 257, 259
collocation and integration of services and, 241, 267-268, 275, 276-277
CPT codes, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251-252, 253, 254, 255 n.10, 258
Evaluation and Management (E/M) services, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 253, 254, 255, 256, 258, 262
H/B codes, 251-253, 258, 262
information technology, 242, 257
managed care plans, 247, 249, 257-258, 268
Medicare Advantage, 242-243, 246, 250
Medicare fee-for-service, 228, 242, 244, 246, 248, 249-250, 252, 253-257, 274-275, 276, 337, 367, 374
mental health services, 261-268
monitoring progress in, 339-340
patient/family education, 248-249, 258
and patient–provider communication, 244-245, 248-249
performance incentives, 12, 241, 242, 248-249, 259
recommendations, 12-13, 17, 233-239, 241-242, 275-277, 386-387, 404
research needs, 238-239, 337
for screening or needs assessment, 231, 246-247, 249-250, 264
for telephone calls, 254
Remote providers
counseling and psychotherapy, 93-94
implementing use of, 230-232
model program, 229-230
obstacles to use, 236
resources, 232-236
Reproductive aspects of cancer, 111
Research.
See also Effectiveness research;
Health services research agenda
evaluation of impact of this report, 338-341
recommended priorities, 14, 15-16, 320-330, 337-338
scope of this study, 6-7, 42-44, 366-370
scope of work of this study, 370-376
study methods for this report, 353-376
taxonomy and nomenclature issues, 83-85, 329-330, 353-360
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Respite care services, 106, 107, 137
Road to Recovery, 39, 136
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 201, 319, 366
Depression in Primary Care Initiative, 256
Improving Chronic Illness Care program, 202
Projects in the Promoting Excellence in End-of-Life Care Program, 206
Rotterdam Symptom Checklist, 167, 179
S
Samuel Rodgers Health Center, 226
San Diego Hospice, 223
Sarcoma Foundation of America, 116
Science of Caring Program, 222-224
Scope of study, 6-7, 366-370
Screening for cancer detection, 194
Screening psychosocial problems.
See also specific instruments
clinical practice guidelines, 203
competency of providers, 165, 311, 313, 314
current practice, 6, 164, 165-167, 247
defined, 165, 171
for depression, 154, 156, 157, 165, 167, 205, 226, 247, 250
domains, 334-335
effectiveness, 154, 167, 231
with follow-up, 154, 199, 223, 232
information resources, 114
instruments, 15, 52, 165, 166-171, 176, 182, 224, 226, 230, 249, 250, 334-335, 337
limitations, 167 n.5, 168
in model programs, 155, 156, 201, 222, 223, 224, 226, 228
needs assessment contrasted, 171
non-English-speaking, 169, 170
performance measures, 270, 272
policy supports and barriers, 246, 247, 249-250
for PTSD, 167, 168 n.6
recommendations of prior reports, 380-381, 384, 391
reimbursement for, 231, 239-250, 264
research needs, 15, 333, 334-335, 337
in self-care programs, 98
Second opinions, 112
Self-efficacy, 38, 59, 66, 87, 88, 89, 90, 95
Self-esteem, 31, 52, 90
Self-management. See Illness self-management
Services. See Psychosocial health services
Sexual dysfunction, 31, 33, 54, 93, 96, 97, 172 n.12, 174, 176, 188, 300, 301, 314, 336, 388
Shop Well With You, 116
Short Form (SF) Health Survey instruments, 358
Skin Cancer Foundation, 116
Sleep, 5, 28, 57, 58, 61, 101, 200, 231, 358
Social integration, 53, 54
Social isolation, 11, 15, 31, 51, 54, 62, 66, 238, 334, 338
Social networks, 33, 53, 61, 88-89, 170, 172 n.12, 178, 260, 336 n.1, 368
Social problems. See Employment changes;
Financial stress;
Health insurance;
Social supports
Social role functioning, 5, 30, 32, 33, 51, 54, 56, 57, 68, 102, 104, 169, 172, 192, 206, 299, 309, 358, 359
Social Security Disability Income, 10, 82, 108, 134, 264, 267, 364
Social supports.
See also Peer support programs
availability, 7
and coping abilities, 54
definition and dimensions, 53
and health practices, 55
informal, 39-40, 102-103, 260-261, 263, 265, 267
and mental illness, 54
morbidity and mortality effects, 53-54, 62-63, 65, 66
screening for, 168
weaknesses in, 39-40, 53-55
Social workers, 39
baccalaureate and master’s degrees, 301-302
licensure, 286, 302
recommendations for training, 374, 390, 391, 401, 402
reimbursement, 223, 254
specialization and continuing education, 302-303, 318, 319
support services of, 89, 112, 113, 194, 222, 223, 224, 228, 254, 255, 283, 284, 315, 316, 337, 388
workforce, 286
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Society for Pediatric Psychology, 307
Somatic problems. See Fatigue in cancer patients;
Pain;
Psychosomatic medicine;
Sleep
Spanish, intervention/services in, 112, 117, 169, 232, 233, 236
Spiritual issues and needs, 31, 169, 172, 178, 182, 184, 188, 203, 207, 226, 297, 299, 300, 309, 315, 334, 336 n.1, 354-355, 357, 359
Standard of care.
See also Delivery of psychosocial health services;
Performance measurement
collocated, integrated care, 221-225
dissemination and uptake, 17, 339
examples of implementation approaches, 220-236
monitoring compliance with, 16
performance rewards, 13, 16
recommendations, 9, 237-239
Stanford University, 96, 358
Starlight, Starbright Children’s Foundation, 130
State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), 243, 244, 246, 248, 262, 264, 266
State policies.
See also Medicaid
Primary Care Case Management, 246
Stroke, 54, 56, 57, 94, 96, 105 n.8, 196, 334, 336, 358
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 321, 373
Sun protection, 98
Supplemental Security Income (SSI), 10, 82, 108, 134, 264, 267, 364
Support for People with Oral and Head and Neck Cancer, 116, 131, 262
Support Team Assessment Schedule, 182-183, 189
Supportive Care Needs Survey (SCNS), 176-177, 188
Supportive Care Network, 169
Survivor care plans, 190
Susan G. Komen for the Cure, 116, 273
Swope Parkway Health Center, 226
T
Tahoe Forest Cancer Center, 227-228
Tahoe Forest Hospital, 228
Tamoxifen, 58
Telepsychiatry, 93
Terminology. See Nomenclature standardization
Testicular Cancer Resource Center, 116, 131
Three Component Model (3CMTM), 157, 205
Thyroid Cancer Survivors’ Association, Inc., 117, 124, 131
Tobacco use
assessment/monitoring, 10, 82, 168 n.6, 169, 271, 364
cessation interventions, 15, 98-100, 271, 272, 306, 331, 338, 355
depression and, 5, 57
mortality, 54
motivation to quit/use, 57, 60, 61
as outcome measure, 271
research needs, 331
screening for, 168 n.6
Toronto Informational Needs Questionnaire-Breast Cancer, 180-181, 189
Transportation for patients and families
grants and services, 7, 33-34, 39, 136, 194, 260
and illness management, 55
need for, 3, 4-5, 39, 55, 102
Turning Point: The Center for Hope and Healing, 226-227
U
Ulman Cancer Fund for Young Adults, 131
University of Louisiana, 96 n.6
University of Pennsylvania, 318
University of Pittsburgh, 318
University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center, 236
URAC (Utilization Review Accreditation Committee), 13, 18, 277, 340
U.S. Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE), 291-292
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, 164
US Too, 89, 117, 124, 131
V
Veterans Health Administration, 263
Employee Education System, 243
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National Cancer Strategy, 200
National Symposium on Clinician-Patient Communication, 245
W
Washington State University, 243
Weight reduction, 98, 100, 102
Weight Watchers, 100
Wellness Community, 89, 125, 132, 223-224, 229, 230, 232, 236, 373, 385
West Clinic, 224-225
Wings Cancer Foundation, 224
Women’s Cancer Network, 117, 132
Women’s Healthy Eating & Living Study, 100
Women’s Intervention Nutrition Study (WINS), 100
Workforce.
See also Education and training in biopsychosocial approaches;
Health care providers
forecasting supply, 387-388
licensed providers, 284-285
nonphysician providers, 285-287
size and diversity, 6, 108-109, 283, 284-288
volunteer and peer support component, 284, 287
Workforce Development Collaborative on Psychosocial Care During Chronic Medical Illness, 14, 18, 320, 321
WyJoCARE, 226
Y
Y-ME National Breast Cancer Organization, Inc., 117, 125, 132, 138
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Cancer Care for the Whole Patient: Meeting Psychosocial Health Needs
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