Huainan (Chapter 9) and Dalian (Chapter 11) were selected as case study cities in China, as they somewhat mirror the circumstances of Pittsburgh and Los Angeles, respectively, and they are also broadly representative of a number of other cities in China and elsewhere in the developing world. Huainan is a major coal and industrial base in east-central China. Like Pittsburgh, it is benefiting economically from proximity to abundant coal resources; and as industries and power generation have increased in recent years, so too have pollution levels. It has, however, made important strides in improving air quality and in reducing coarse particulate matter, while still growing its economy. Dalian, a coastal city in northern China, has a more diversified economy and is now beginning to face the challenges of increased motorization (with nearly 500,000 cars on the road). It has long been considered a model city in China for its environmental management, and thus its successes may be replicable in other cities.

The United States and China have benefited from increased cooperation in the last three decades on numerous issues of mutual interest and while, due to their many differences, lessons learned on one side may not be directly applicable to the other, we believe comparative studies such as this one are still of considerable benefit in creating a broader understanding and in informing future decisions.

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